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基因之河(《自私的基因》作者道金斯的经典之作)

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● 关于基因,没有人能比理查德?道金斯写得更好!《基因之河》是继《自私的基因》之后,理查德?道金斯的又一经典名作!生命的“复制炸弹”——基因从何而来?它又将走向何方?阅读本书,我们将通过一位热情、睿智、理性的科学家的视角直面基因的亘古谜题,获得对于生命的全新看法!

● 理查德?道金斯在通过讲述将读者吸引到自己的思考逻辑方面无疑是z优秀的,他的自然铺陈、引人入胜的深厚功力充分体现在《基因之河》中。除此之外,《基因之河》中还充满了各种奇妙的隐喻,可以帮助读者看到基因的清晰真相。

● “科学大师书系”经典再现。中国科学院神经科学研究所高级研究员仇子龙,中国科学院院士、复旦大学教授金力,科技创新研究者、清华大学教授陈劲,世界著名哲学家、《直觉泵和其他思考工具》作者丹尼尔?丹尼特重磅推荐!

● 湛庐文化出品。


Content Description

● 基因从何而来?它又将走向何方?理查德?道金斯以其特有的智慧和对复杂事物条分缕析的能力让我们得以直面这些谜题。《纽约时报》将他的写作风格描述为“那种让读者感觉自己像个天才的写作”。

●《基因之河》是理查德?道金斯在继《自私的基因》之后的又一经典作品,一本以现代生物学观点来解释生命进化过程的科普读物。道金斯将生命的进化过程比作一条基因之河,在时间长河中,基因相互碰撞和重组,不断分叉,不断消亡。值得一提的是,道金斯还在书中分析了实现生物信息在宇宙范围内爆炸需要跨越的各个可能门槛,让我们得以对生命未来会走向何方有所想象。

● 《基因之河》属于湛庐文化重磅推出的“科学大师书系”图书之一。“科学大师书系”精选了宇宙学、物理学、生物学、计算机科学、认知科学等领域的10本经典著作,其作者既是世界yi流的思想者,又是文采斐然的科普作家——理查德?道金斯、贾雷德?戴蒙德、丹尼尔?丹尼特、马丁?里斯等。这些书将直接送你站上大师的肩膀。


Author Description

理查德?道金斯

● 牛津大学教授,英国皇家科学院院士,有“达尔文的斗犬”之称的进化生物学家,“无神论四骑士”之一,“第三种文化”推动者。

● 今天仍然活跃在文坛的杰出“非虚构类”作家,创作了《自私的基因》《盲眼钟表匠》《道金斯传》等多部畅销作品。


Comments

基因究竟是什么?是自私的寄生虫还是生物界z神秘的主宰?这本书是道金斯教授在提出“自私的基因”观点20年后的思考集锦。科学在不断向前发展,从《基因之河》中你能看到这位智者对生物学、进化论与基因的z新思考。

——仇子龙

中国科学院神经科学研究所高级研究员

“科学大师书系”重点在于大师,这10本书的作者既是世界yi流的思想者,又是文采斐然的科普作家。去读他们的书吧,你将直接站在大师的肩膀上!

——金力

中国科学院院士,复旦大学教授

历代科学家对宇宙、生命的起源与运行进行了永不竭尽的探索,他们完成的研究成果以及在科研过程中表现出的追求真理的精神,一直是人类知识发展和道德进化的宝贵财富。在未来的发展进程中,基于科学的创新将日益重要,中国需要更多的科学家。熟读科学大师系列,将进一步激发广大有志者献身科学的动力以及提高科学研究的成功率。

——陈劲

科技创新研究者,清华大学教授

我将“科学大师书系”视为向这个世界撒下的一张大网,它捕获的将是我们这颗行星的下一代思想家和科学家。

——丹尼尔?丹尼特

世界著名哲学家,《直觉泵和其他思考工具》作者


Catalogue

序言

01 数字之河

02 非洲人及其后代

03 循序渐进

04 效用函数

05 复制炸弹


Book Abstract

01 数字之河

关于自己的部落祖先,每个人都听说过一些相应的神话传说,而这些神话传说也常常以宗教信仰的形式表现出来。关于祖先,人们满怀敬仰与崇拜。这也在情理之中,因为他们敬仰和崇拜的是掌握着生命之钥的曾经切实存在过的祖先,而非超自然神灵。所有降生于世的有机体,绝大部分都消亡在未能享尽此生之时。只有少部分幸存下来并完成繁衍,而其中只有极少部分能够千秋万代。这少数中的极少数者,这些先世精英,便是未来世代所称的祖先。祖先甚为珍稀,而后代则不足为奇。

所有曾经存在于世的有机体,每一只动物,每一株植物,所有的细菌和真菌,每一个能运动的生命,每一位本书的读者,都能回望自己的祖先,骄傲地宣称:他们的祖先没有一位在幼时离世。他们的祖先都长至成年,而且每一位都找到了至少一位异性伴侣,成功交配(严格来讲,也可能存在例外情况)。有些动物是无性繁殖的,譬如蚜虫。人工授精等技术使得现代人类可以在不进行交配的情况下怀孕生子。而且,由于试管授精所用的卵子可以从雌性卵巢中提取出来,人们甚至无须长至成年便可拥有后代。但在大多数情况下,上述说法是毋庸置疑的。他们的祖先中,没有一位在生下孩子之前被敌人打倒,被病毒夺去生命,或是失足掉下悬崖。人类祖先那成千上万的同辈,都因为种种原因而早早殒命,但现有人们的祖先中,没有任何一位被上述任何一个原因所困。很多事情既在意料之中,又难以理解,既清晰可辨又让人惊叹。所有这些,都是本书想要讨论的话题。

由于有机体的全部基因都遗传自祖先,而非祖先那些未能成功繁衍后代的同辈,因此所有有机体都倾向于拥有那些自带成功特质的基因。这些有机体天生便拥有成为祖先的本事,也就是说,它们善于生存繁衍。这也是为什么有机体倾向于遗传的那些基因,都有能力构建出一部设

计精良的“机器”—— 一具积极工作、不停努力成为后代祖先的躯体。这就是鸟儿如此善于飞翔,鱼儿如此善于游动,猴子如此善于攀爬,病毒如此善于散播的原因。这就是我们热爱生命、热爱孩子的原因。因为所有人继承的所有基因,都来自从未中断过的一连串的成功祖先,毫无例外。这个世界充满了有能力成为后代祖先的有机体。而这样的现实,简而言之,就是达尔文主义。当然,达尔文的理论远超于此,如今我们也只是站在巨人的肩膀上,而本书的讲述才刚刚开始。

关于上一段落,有一种貌似合理、实则错误的理解方式。有人认为,当祖先成功繁衍,它们传递给儿孙的基因便由此获得了升级,超越了它们从父母处获得的基因。它们的成功对基因发挥了某些作用,而这就是为什么它们的后代如此善于飞翔、遨游、求偶。错,大错特错!基因不会在发挥作用的过程中得到提升,它们只是得到了继承,除了某些非常罕见的随机错误之外,基因根本不会发生变化。并不是成功塑造了优秀的基因,而是优秀的基因造就了成功。个体终其一生做过的所有事情,都不会对其基因产生丝毫的影响。生而具有优秀基因的个体,是最有可能成长为后代的成功祖先的。因此,优秀的基因更有可能被继承到未来。每一代都是一道过滤、一个筛子:优秀的基因容易穿过筛子,进入下一代;拙劣的基因容易留存在早年离世的个体身上,或是那些没有繁殖的个体身上。拙劣的基因也许会因为运气好,与优秀的基因共存于同一个躯体之内,闯过一两个世代的过滤。但是,若想成功闯过数千道连续不断的过滤,不能只靠运气。在数千个连续的世代之后,依然存在的基因大概率是优秀的基因。

我说过,世世代代之后依然存在的基因,将是那些有能力成为后代祖先的基因。这是事实,但有一个明显的例外情况必须在此指明,以免日后给读者带来困扰。有些个体没有生育能力的状态是无法逆转的,但是,它们生而具备的使命却是为了协助将自身基因继承到未来世代。蚂蚁、白蚁、蜜蜂、黄蜂之中的工蚁和工蜂都没有生育能力。它们终日劳作,不是为了自己成为祖先,而是为了让具有繁殖能力的兄弟姐妹成为后代祖先。在此有两点需要强调。

第一,任何物种的兄弟姐妹之间都有很大概率共享相同的基因。第二,某只个体白蚁究竟会成为拥有繁殖能力的蚁后,还是成为不具备生育能力的工蚁,取决于环境,而非基因。所有的白蚁身上都具备在某些环境条件下将自身转化为无生育能力的工蚁的基因,以及在另一些环境条件下令自身拥有繁殖能力的基因。而负责繁殖的白蚁在工蚁的帮助下,也会将同样的基因拷贝继承下去。在基因力量的影响下,工蚁不知疲倦地卖命干活,而同样的基因也存在于负责繁殖的白蚁体内。这些基因中的工蚁拷贝都在努力协助拥有繁殖能力的白蚁拷贝穿过世代之筛。白蚁工蚁雌雄皆有,而蚂蚁中的工蚁以及蜜蜂和黄蜂中的工蜂都是雌性。除此之外,大原则都相同。同样的原则也适用于几种鸟类动物、哺乳动物和其他动物,这些动物中年长的哥哥姐姐都会在某种程度上照料年幼的弟弟妹妹。总的来说,基因可以通过迂回路线穿过世代之筛,协助自身成为后代祖先,也能协助有亲缘关系的个体成为后代祖先。


Introduction

在大自然这个通俗的名字之下, 数十亿的粒子在玩着它们无尽的游戏。

——皮特?海因

皮特?海因寥寥几字便生动描绘出了未经打扰的物理世界的经典特征。当原子粒子在翻腾旋转间碰巧构成了一个具有某种特质的物体时,宇宙间便发生了一件大事。该物体拥有自我复制的能力,也就是说,这个物体能够利用周围的物质制作出和自身一模一样的拷贝,就连某些偶尔出现的小缺陷都原样复刻。自从这件大事发生之后,宇宙中的任何地方都遵循着达尔文的自然选择理论,也就有了这颗星球上我们称之为生命的异彩纷呈的盛世。没有哪个理论能像达尔文主义这样,用如此之少的假设去解释如此之多的事实。达尔文主义不仅拥有强大的解释力,而且还能在解释过程中一语道破真相,又带有某种刚健的简洁之美,就连最令人震撼的世界起源传说,也无法与这种诗意的美感相提并论。我写作本书的目的之一,就是让读者认识到对达尔文主义生命观的现代理解之中所蕴含的启迪力量。线粒体夏娃比神话传说之中的夏娃蕴涵着更加广博的诗意。

借用大卫?休谟(David Hume)的话说,生命最能“让所有思考过这一主题的人们为之心驰神往”。而生命的特征,就是达尔文所谓的那些“拥有极致完美与复杂度的器官”所具备的机制及其复杂细节所履行的目标。地球生命的另一个令人震撼的特征,就是其奢华壮丽的多样性:从物种数量来看,当前的生物种类数以千万计。我还想告诉读者的是,“延续生命的方式”与“将DNA 代码文本传递到未来的方式”说的是同一件事。书名之中的“河”,是一条DNA 之河,自地质时代以来一直潺潺流淌,分支分流。而限定每一物种遗传博弈的“陡峭河岸”这一比喻,也具有意想不到的强大解释力。

我的所有著作都专注于达尔文主义理论原则,从诸多角度对其无穷无尽的力量进行深入阐释和探讨。只要有足够的时间供原始自我复制的结果展现出来,这股力量就会释放、爆发。本书将继续这一使命,并将线索引向外太空,讲述将复制因子注入貌似不起眼的原子粒子活动之中,会发生怎样的后续事件。

在本书的写作过程中,我有幸获得了来自各方面的支持、鼓励、建议和建设性批评意见,在此感谢迈克尔? 伯基特(Michael Birkett)、约翰? 布罗克曼(John Brockman)、史蒂夫?戴维斯(Steve Davies)、丹尼尔?丹尼特(Daniel Dennett)、约翰?克雷布斯(John Krebs)、萨拉?利平科特(Sara Lippincott)、杰里?莱昂斯(Jerry Lyons)。尤其要感谢我的妻子拉拉?沃德(Lalla Ward),书中的插图是由她绘制的。书中部分内容摘自已出版的文章,某些段落经过简单调整。第1 章中关于数字和模拟的段落,是我于1994 年6 月11 日发表在《旁观者》杂志上的文章为基础写下的。第3 章中关于丹?尼尔森(Dan Nilsson)和苏珊娜?佩尔格(Susanne Pelger)就“眼的进化”而展开的研究讨论的段落,部分摘自我于1994 年4 月21 日发表在《自然》杂志的“新闻与观点”栏目中的文章。我已就此事专门告知两家杂志社负责上述文章的编辑。我还想要真诚地感谢约翰?布罗克曼和安东尼?奇塔姆(AnthonyCheetham)邀请我加入“科学大师系列”图书的撰写。


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Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

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You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book