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新东方 GRE/GMAT/LSAT学术英文200句

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《新东方 GRE/GMAT/LSAT学术英文200句》是作者陈虎平老师继《GRE阅读制胜法则:多层结构法》和《GRE阅读36套解析:文章结构分析》之后的又一本GRE著作,三本书相互关连,以“结构法”为理论核心,堪称“结构三部曲”。《GRE阅读制胜法则:多层结构法》是方法论,其中也有6套作者自己编写的GRE阅读模拟题和解析,可供练习,但主要还是方法,重点在理论框架。《GRE阅读36套解析:文章结构分析》是文章和题目解析,其中导言部分从另一个角度梳理了多层结构,但主要还是解析,重点在实战,侧重于文章、段落分析。《GRE/GMAT/LSAT学术英文200句》则侧重于句子分析。
《新东方 GRE/GMAT/LSAT学术英文200句》提出长句解析新方法——长句结构法,包含两个程序:识别基本结构,提取语义重点。作者对传统语法划分进行简化,从而更容易识别句子结构;通过关键词分析句子内部的逻辑关系,能够快速抓取语义重点。并且,作者根据此方法将句子分为8种类型,每个类型都给出一些例句进行集中讲解。这种方法的好处在于,能够在关系复杂、单词数量多的长难句中快速找到语义核心,准确地理解句子,简洁而高效。本书适合参加GRE/GMAT/LSAT考试的考生,也适合一切学术文章的读者。
Content Description

《新东方 GRE/GMAT/LSAT学术英文200句》由新东方名师陈虎平潜心创作,是对考试研究和课堂教学的经验总结,经过了学生学习效果的检验。本书对传统的长句阅读法——语法划分进行了革新,开创性地提出长句解析新方法——长句结构法(识别基本结构+提取语义重点),并运用此方法详细分析了200个来自GRE/GMAT/LSAT阅读文章的学术长难句。全书共四个部分,第一部分是方法论介绍,以及60个基础句子的讲解,第二部分是75个GRE长难句,第三部分是25个GMAT长难句,第四部分是40个LSAT长难句,每个句子包含三个内容,分别是结构分析、语义分析和译文。
Author Description

陈虎平,北京新东方学校GRE/GMAT/LSAT阅读教员,香港中文大学哲学博士。讲授学术类英文考试的阅读技巧多年,主张从逻辑结构的角度分析学术文章,获得广泛认可。曾独自或与人合作翻译7部学术和科普著作。也曾在大学讲授语言哲学、科学哲学、文化哲学等课程。著有《GRE阅读制胜法则:多层结构法》和《GRE阅读36套解析:文章结构分析》。
Catalogue

第一部分 句子的结构与语义 1
1. 句子结构分析 2
1.1) 单主句结构 8
1.2) 多主句结构 11
2. 句子语义提取 13
3. 基础练习60句 No. 1–60 16
o) 动词与抽象词还原 SVO → S → O, S ← O, S ≠ O, S = O(简化动词) 16
1) 主语与宾语 svo → the V’ of O by S; S’ s V’ of O; That svo V that svo(抓主干、抓修饰的实义词) 24
2+3) 单层与多层修饰 SVO – cp; SVO – cp1 – cp2(抓主干、找等价) 26
4) 并列 svo, and vo; svo, o, and o; svo and svo; svo; svo (单主句之内的并列与多主句的并列,取其一、找等价) 32
5) 对比svo whereas / while /, but svo; s not vo, but vo; s vo rather than vo(抓对比) 34
6) 让步 Although / though svo, svo. It is true svo, but svo.(抓对比) 42
7) 推理、时间、动作连续 svo when / if / because / so that svo; svo → (s)vo → (s) vo; svo →cp →cp→cp(抓主句、抓首尾 ) 48
8) 句子分层 SVO: / ; SVO(抓总句、找等价) 58
第二部分 GRE 75句 61
Group 1 No. 61–70 63
Group 2 No. 71–83 75
Group 3 No. 84–95 92
Group 4 No. 96–110 109
Group 5 No. 111–127 127
Group 6 No. 128–135 148
第三部分 GMAT 25句 159
Group 7 No. 136–148 找主干、找等价 161
Group 8 No. 149–160 找对比 176
第四部分 LSAT 40句 195
Group 9 No. 161–173 找主干、找等价 197
Group 10 No. 174–187 找对比 213
Group 11 No. 188–200找对比 230
巩固练习 247
参考文献 28
Introduction

学术英文长句阅读是一项核心技能。无论是在准备GRE、GMAT、LSAT、SAT考试,还是出于研究、工作和专业学习的需要而阅读学术英文文献,快速、准确地理解英文长句的意义至关重要。在本书中,我整理了来自GRE、GMAT、LSAT文章的200个句子,集中训练长句结构和语义提取的方法,希望对各位朋友和同学理解学术英文长句有所帮助。
长句阅读的传统方法是语法划分法。把句子的每个成分进行详尽无遗的语法分解,主谓宾、定状补、各种从句等等。这种方法的实质是通过语法区分,掌握语义。这种做法很自然,对于人们掌握基本语法也不无好处,但是,却有明显的理论和实践困难。首先,在理论上看,从语法无法直接到达语义,就像从各面墙的构造无法直接推出整个建筑物的构造和功能。语义是在语法单位的基础上利用逻辑关系构造起来的,并不单纯是语法。其次,在现场阅读英文时,辨别每个句子的所有语法成分,会耗费人类原本有限的工作内存(working memory),无法将主要精力集中于句子的意义上,因而无法有效率地读懂句子。
这种做法后来有了一个改进版。有人将考试英文阅读的长难句集中起来,50句、100句,放在一起,让考生训练。在北美研究生考试领域,《GRE & GMAT阅读难句教程》一书在此方面有开拓之功。这种集中训练长句的方法,虽然在分析长句时仍然基于传统语法区分,但它的好处是,在阅读中,以前我们经常因为一个长句而卡壳,现在,一口气看了很多长句,心里就不慌了。看得多,自然就会熟悉;熟悉,就不会恐惧,也感到自己读得顺畅了。但是,有两个问题。一是句子的语义是否真的理解了?心理的熟悉不等于语义的理解。二是一些长难句书挑选的是考试真题中的句子,早早把长难句都读了,到了做真题时发现一些句子很熟悉,反而失去真实测试的效果,实际考试时遇到陌生的新文章、新句子,也许还是读不懂。
为了解决上述问题,我提出了从结构来理解长句的新方法——长句结构法,其两个主要程序是:识别基本结构,提取语义重点。第一,识别句子的基本结构。我们不提倡对句子成分进行完全的语法划分,只需要掌握语法ABC,区分出基本的结构,即主谓宾(svo)、广义从句(clause phrase: cp)。其中尤其特别的是,我们把谓语动词右侧的词,都统统看做广义宾语,无论它是语法的宾语,还是状语、补语。这种长句结构法,不是完全不要语法,也不是完全借助语法,而是掌握一定程度的语法;对语法的需求,不是有无问题,而是一个程度问题,其程度以协助语义理解为限。在这种视角下,句子的结构只有两类成分:SVO、CP。复杂长句无非是主谓宾与修饰从句平行、连续、分层的结果。例如:S (cp1 [cp2]) VO and SVO (cp1 [cp2])

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