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名著名译丛书:钢铁是怎样炼成的

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出版说明
人民文学出版社从上世纪五十年代建社之初即致力于外国文学名著出版,延请国内一流学者研究论证选题,翻译更是优选专长译者担纲,先后出版了“外国文学名著丛书”“世界文学名著文库”“二十世纪外国文学丛书”“名著名译插图本”等大型丛书和外国著名作家的文集、选集等,这些作品得到了几代读者的喜爱。
为满足读者的阅读与收藏需求,我们优中选精,推出精装本“名著名译丛书”,收入脍炙人口的外国文学杰作。丰子恺、朱生豪、冰心、杨绛等翻译家优美传神的译文,更为这些不朽之作增添了色彩。多数作品配有精美原版插图。希望这套书能成为中国家庭的必备藏书。
为方便广大读者,出版社还为本丛书精心录制了朗读版。本丛书将分辑陆续出版,先期推出六十种。
人民文学出版社
2015年1月

Content Description

《钢铁是怎样炼成的》(1933)是作者根据自己亲身经历写成的一部优秀小说。主人公保尔·柯察金所走过的道路,反映了苏联第一代革命青年不怕困难、艰苦奋斗、勇于胜利的大无畏精神,鼓舞了一代又一代有志青年去实现自己的理想。

Author Description

尼·奥斯特洛夫斯基(1904—1936),苏联作家。1919年入伍,成为布琼尼骑兵团侦察兵。负伤复员后从事文学创作。主要著作有《钢铁是怎样炼成的》《暴风雨中诞生的》。

梅益(1914—2003),曾用名梅雨,广东潮州人。1929年入上海中国公学。1934年开始发表译作。1937年在上海主持《译报》。1945年筹办《新华日报》(上海版)。解放后任中央广播事业局局长、中国大百科全书出版社总编辑。主要译著有斯诺《西行漫记》(合译)、斯诺夫人N.威尔斯《续西行漫记》、尼赫鲁《自传》、尼·普里波依的《对马》、奥斯特洛夫斯基的《钢铁是怎样炼成的》。

Catalogue

第一部
第二部
附注
译后记
译者献辞

Book Abstract

“节前到我家里补考的,都站起来!”
一个穿着法衣、脖子上挂着一只沉重的十字架的、虚胖的神父,恶狠狠地瞪着全班的学生。
他那对凶恶的小眼睛瞪着从座位上站起来的六个小孩子——四个男的,两个女的。他们全都惶恐地望着这个穿法衣的人。
“你们坐下。”神父向那两个女孩子挥一挥手说。
两个女孩赶快坐下,松了一口气。
瓦西里神父那对小眼睛盯在四个男孩身上。
“小鬼们,到这儿来!”
瓦西里神父站起来,推开椅子,走到紧紧地挤在一起的四个小孩跟前。
“你们这些小无赖,谁抽烟?”
四个人都小声回答:
“神父,我们不抽烟。”
神父的脸气得发紫。
“混账东西,你们不抽烟,那么面团里的烟末儿是谁撒的?全不抽烟吗?好,咱们这就来瞧瞧!把口袋翻过来!快!听见了没有?翻过来!”
有三个孩子开始把口袋里的东西掏出来,放在桌子上。
神父仔细地检查他们口袋里面的每一条缝,想找出一点烟末儿,但是什么也没找到,他就转过去对着第四个,那个黑眼睛的孩子,他穿着破旧的灰衬衫和膝盖上打着补丁的蓝裤子。
“你怎么像木头一样地站着?”
那黑眼睛的小孩恨透了神父,他看着他,低声回答说:
“我一个口袋也没有。”他边说边用手摸着那缝死的袋口。
“哼,一个口袋也没有?你以为我就不知道谁会干出那么可恶的事情——把复活节的面团糟蹋了吗,是不是?你以为现在学校还能要你吗?哼,你这小鬼,这回可不能便宜你了。上次是亏了你母亲恳求才没有开除你,这回可不行了。你给我滚出去!”他使劲地揪住那小孩的一只耳朵,把他推到走廊里,随手就把门关上了。
教室里没有一点声音,大家都缩着脖子。谁也不知道保尔·柯察金为什么会这样被赶出学校。只有保尔的好朋友谢廖沙·勃鲁扎克明白这回事。他们六个功课不及格的学生在神父家的厨房里等着补考的时候,他亲眼看见保尔把一撮烟末儿撒在神父厨房里预备做复活节糕的面团上。
被赶出来的保尔坐在学校门口底下一层台阶上。他想,该怎么回家呢?他对在税务官家里当娘姨、每天从早忙到晚、对什么事都挺认真的母亲,又该怎么说呢?
想到这里,他给眼泪哽住了:
“现在我该怎么办呢?都怨这该死的神父。我为什么要给他撒上一把烟末儿呢?那是谢廖沙叫干的。他说:‘来,咱们给这讨厌的老畜生撒一把。’我们就把烟末儿撒上去了。现在谢廖沙倒逃脱了,我呢,看来准要给开除的。”
保尔和瓦西里神父早就记了仇。有一天,保尔和米什卡·列夫丘科夫打架,老师不准他回家吃饭。为了怕他独自在空教室里淘气,就叫他和高年级的学生一起,坐在教室后面的凳子上。
那个高年级的教师是一个瘦子,穿着黑上衣,正在跟学生讲地球和天体。保尔听着他讲什么地球已经存在好几百万年了,什么星星也跟地球相像,惊奇地张着大嘴。他觉得很奇怪,几乎想站起来说:“老师,这跟圣经上说的完全两样呀。”但是他怕挨罚,没敢问。
保尔的圣经课,神父平时总是给他五分。祈祷文和新旧约他都背得烂熟,上帝哪一天创造了哪一种东西他都知道。关于这件事保尔决定问问瓦西里神父。在下次上圣经课的时候,神父刚一坐下,保尔就举起手来,一得到允许,他就站起来说:
“神父,为什么高年级的老师说,地球已经存在了好几百万年了,不像圣经上说的五千年……”他突然给瓦西里神父那尖利的喊叫声打断了:
“混账东西,胡说八道!这是你从圣经上念来的吗?”
保尔还没有来得及答话,神父就已揪住他的两只耳朵,把他的头往墙上撞了。一分钟后,给撞伤了和吓昏了的他,已经给神父推到走廊上去了。
保尔回到家里,他母亲又狠狠地责骂了他一顿。
……
Introduction

作为第一个把这本书介绍给中国读者的译者,我并不想过多地去回忆自己当年在战火纷飞、情况异常艰难的情况下翻译此书的经过。相反,自己脑海里时常涌现的是洪泽湖西岸半城新四军四师师部那间简陋的房子和彭雪枫师长桌案上的那盏跳动油灯下的《钢铁是怎样炼成的》;在为了新中国而浴血奋战倒在战场上的将士们身边燃烧着的背包中的《钢铁是怎样炼成的》;还有许许多多为了祖国繁荣强盛而志在四方的社会主义建设者们手中的《钢铁是怎样炼成的》……
保尔的奋斗目标始终明确,坚定不移。他一直按照党所指示的道路度过自己的一生,在斗争火热的时期他没有袖手旁观,在争夺政权的残酷斗争中,他找到了自己的岗位,而且在革命的红旗上,也有他的几滴血;一直到他的心脏停止跳动,他始终把自己的整个生命和全部精力献给人民,献给伟大的共产主义事业。
任何作品都有它的局限性。时代在发展,人们的思想在不断变化,但人类对理想的追求以及与自身命运的抗争和顽强拼搏的精神主题永远不会改变。
“人最宝贵的是生命。生命每个人只有一次。人的一生应当这样度过:当回忆往事的时候,他不会因为虚度年华而悔恨,也不会因为碌碌无为而羞愧;在临死的时候,他能够说:‘我的整个生命和全部精力,都已经献给了世界上最壮丽的事业——为人类的解放而斗争。’”我永远坚信,奥斯特洛夫斯基的这段朴实无华而又精彩的人生寄语,不会因为时间的流逝而被人们淡忘,相反它会更加坚定我们的信仰与追求,永远激励我们不断克服在人生旅途中所遇到的艰难困苦,无怨无悔地努力拼搏,矢志不渝地去追求人类更高的理想。
二○○三年八月


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