超简单：8天轻松拿下托福写作

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海报：

《超简单：8天轻松拿下托福写作》专为新托福写作考试设计，旨在为广大考生及对英语写作有兴趣的读者提供最有效的写作练习。全书共8个单元，针对八大热点话题，提供最新综合写作、独立写作素材。本书全面细化写作流程，特别设置写作准备环节，帮助读者拓宽写作思路，使读者一步步提高写作能力。

巴克达(Pagoda)语言教育中心，巴克达语言教育中心所是一所拥有半个世纪历史的语言学习研发团队。以语言学习中没有所谓的捷径为教育理念，给学生们提供优质的教学内容。密切关注现场听课的学员的各种学习反馈，且结合教师的授课经验，将这些精心融入到产生最佳学习效果的教材中，这就是Pagoda语言教育中心的最终目标。

Contents
Unit 01 Food Science
Integrated GM Food 8
Independent Food Made in a Restaurant vs. Homemade Food 16
Unit 02 Health
Integrated Obesity 26
Independent Fast-Food Sales 34
Unit 03 Zoology
Integrated Fish Farming 44
Independent The Purpose of a Zoo 52
Unit 04 International Relation
Integrated Poverty 62
Independent Foreign Aid 70
Unit 05 Sociology
Integrated Exploding World Population 80
Independent An Extended Family vs. A Nuclear Family 88
Unit 06 Mystery
Integrated Crop Circles 98
Independent Science Fiction 106
Unit 07 Environment
Integrated Biofules 116
Independent The Earth and Human Activities 124
Unit 08 Technology
Integrated Online Shopping 134
Independent Printed Books vs. E-Books 142
Check-Up Grammar 151
Actual Test 160
Answer Keys & Listening Script 163

Integrated Task — GM Food
Practice
Get Started
A.Read the passage and complete the notes below.
A. Consider the advantages and risks of GM food and fill in the blanks with the expressions in the box.
Advantages Risks
??naturally resist pests ??develop resistance to natural pesticides
??negative effects on human health ??no pesticides needed
??contain all essential nutrients ?? allergic reactions
B.Choose the correct expressions for its appropriate explanation from the box in A.
1 : fight against harmful insects without chemicals
2 : have all necessary substances like vitamins, proteins...
3 : build up the ability to fight against natural chemicals
4 : having allergies after being affected by something
C.Fill in the blanks with the correct expressions practiced in B.
Genetically-modified (GM) food is considered to be important because it is pest resistant naturally and contains all 1 . However, it is concerned that GM food could 2 to natural pesticides and thus have 3 on human health.
Get Ready to Write
Choose the answer with a different meaning from the others.
1 GM food has the ability to pests.
A develop B resist C withstand
2 GM food has several over regular crops.
A advantages B risks C benefits
3 We need to understand whether GM food has any .
A risks B negative effects C advantages
4 Genetically modified food is dangerous to .
A human behavior B human health C a person's well-being
5 , insects might develop resistance to the natural pesticide.
A Over time B As time goes by C From time to time
6 a gene from Brazil nuts with soybeans has been banned in America.
A Combining B Isolating C Mixing
Let's Read
Genetically-modified (GM) food is a crop whose DNA has been changed. It is becoming more important as the population increases. It has two advantages over regular food. One advantage of GM food is its ability to resist pests. Consumers do not wish to eat crops that have been treated with pesticides. For example, Bt corn* is naturally resistant to insects. Therefore, no pesticides are needed. Also, GM food is more nutritious. Many crops do not contain all the nutrients a person needs. They can be genetically-modified to contain all essential nutrients. For example, rice lacks many of the necessary nutrients. It can be modified to include important nutrients such as Vitamin B and proteins.
*Bt corn: field corn that has received a gene transferred from a naturally occurring soil bacterium called Bacillas thuringiensis.
Notes
Topic: Genetically-modified ( ) food — two
Detail: 1 pests
Bt corn — naturally resistant to insects
2 more : to contain all essential
rice — modified to contain Vitamin B and proteins
Let's Listen
A. Fill in the blanks as you listen to the lecture.
Professor: I would like to talk about genetically-modified food or food today. Many are praising its merits. But we need to be careful here because GM food has several .First, some people like genetically-modified food because it is pest resistant. However, GM food is pest . May I remind you that insects have developed resistance to other pesticides in the past? There is a worry that the same might happen with GM crops. insects might develop to the natural pesticide within Bt corn. So the natural pesticide might the insects at all. Also, genetically-modified food is dangerous to . There are those who believe it is healthier. However, this is . Introducing a foreign gene into a plant is . The impact on human health could be unexpected and . For instance, a gene Brazil nuts soybeans was banned. The reason was due to serious concerns over
reactions.
B.Listen to the lecture again and complete the notes.
Notes
Topic: Several of GM food
Detail: 1 not pest
— insects to the natural pesticide
2 dangerous to
— introducing foreign genes into a plant →
a gene from Brazil nuts with soybeans
— reactions
……

Introduction to TOEFL iBT
TOEFL iBT (Internet-based TOEFL) is designed to measur ehow well non-native speakers of English read, listen, speak and write in English. The test has four sections; reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Each section of the test is worth 30 points and the highest possible score on the iBT is 120 points (30 points x 4 sections). Most questions are worth 1 point each, but some of the questions in each section are worth more than 2 points.
For more information, visit the ETS website (www.ets.org).
About TOEFL iBT Writing Section
In the writing section, there are two different types of tasks. Therefore, test takers will be asked to complete two tasks in 50 minutes. The first is an integrated task, in which the test-taker is required to write a summary based on the reading and the listening. The second is an independent task that involves only writing.
It is also important to know the description of each task in order to understand the point.
To write the essay for the integrated and the independent tasks effectively, test-takers need to be able to combine note taking, outlining, paraphrasing, and citing.
Winning TOEFL Writing
It consists of eight units and an actual test. Each unit is divided into two tasks; an integrated task and an independent task. Each task in every unit is classified in a different color. The integrated task is in green and the independent task is in orange. Both tasks include a practice question and a test. This book is for beginner-level students, so it is easier than the original passages seen on the actual TOEFL.
Each unit includes two tasks and these tasks consist of three big sections individually. Each section has the following sub-sections:
Introduction
Target TOEFL iBT Question
This part introduces the types of question students will deal with in each unit. The units focus on the following types of TOEFL iBT writing questions:
Integrated Task
(1), (2) Get Started / Get Ready to Write
These parts function as a warming-up activity. This helps students picture which subject is going to be dealt with and understand new words, expressions, and their synonyms, which will be useful for paraphrasing.
(3) Let's Read
Students are required to read a passage and take notes. These activities are intended to help students work towards creating an ideal summary.
(4) Let's Listen
Learners are asked to do dictation and note taking as they listen to a lecture. These activities are intended to help students work towards creating an ideal summary.
(5) Write It Out
This is the final step in the Practice section. Students are asked to write a summary using the notes and paraphrasing tips practiced previously for the reading and the listening. The frame of a summary guides students as they write a summary.
Independent Task
(1), (2) Get Started / Get Ready to Write
These parts function as a warming-up activity where students can learn essential words or expressions and their alternatives. Also, learners are asked for their own opinions about some light questions that are related to the topic of an TOEFL iBT question.
(3) Write It Out
In order to answer the TOEFL iBT question, students are asked to match ideas logically to complete an outline. The frame of an essay guides students as they write a complete essay.
Test
Students are given an TOEFL iBT question whose topic is similar to the one that they practiced previously. Provided with useful tips, test takers are encouraged to make an outline and create their own essay. Then, students can check their essays against the sample essays.
Actual Test
One set of actual test, one integrated task and one independent task, is provided. In the test, learners can check their overall understanding of the TOEFL iBT writing they were introduced to in previous units. The test passages are slightly more difficult than thepassages in each unit.