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自主培育发展新兴产业的路径与政策/自主创新与体系建设丛书

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《自主培育发展新兴产业的路径与政策/自主创新与体系建设丛书》首先分别从产业和区域的视角,研究新兴产业形成和发展的典型模式,以及全球化背景下国家或地区培育和发展新兴产业的主要路径,比较分析不同路径的特点以及在促进国家或地区经济发展作用上的差别。然后,重点研判对国家或地区而言,自主培育发展新兴产业对科技创新资源、服务与环境,以及制度、政策与文化等的新要求,明确营造“创新友好环境”是当前自主培育发展新兴产业的核心任务,讨论企业“创新友好环境”的具体内容。最后,剖析当前我国新兴产业培育和发展的现状与主要问题,提出未来我国自主培育发展新兴产业的总体战略和重点任务与对策建议。
《自主培育发展新兴产业的路径与政策/自主创新与体系建设丛书》可供高等院校高年级本科生和研究生及相关研究人员阅读,也可供政府部门与企业的相关管理和研究人员参考。
Catalogue

前言
第1章 财富增长与新兴产业发展
1.1 财富增长与产业结构演进
1.2 产业与产业生命周期
1.3 新兴产业的概念和特点
1.4 本章小结

第2章 产业发展与技术创新
2.1 创新、技术创新和产业技术创新的概念
2.2 产业技术创新的相关理论
2.3 产业发展不同阶段的技术创新
2.4 本章小结

第3章 新兴产业形成和发展的动因及典型模式
3.1 新兴产业形成和发展的驱动因素及模式分析
3.2 市场需求拉动新兴产业形成和发展的模式及特点
3.3 公共需求拉动新兴产业形成和发展的模式及特点
3.4 市场需求和公共需求拉动新兴产业形成和发展模式的比较
3.5 本章小结

第4章 全球化背景下国家或地区培育和发展新兴产业的路径及特点
4.1 经济全球化及其产业国际分工的特点
4.2 全球化背景下国家或地区培育和发展新兴产业的路径
4.3 培育和发展新兴产业对国家或地区经济发展的作用
4.4 本章小结

第5章 自主培育发展新兴产业的资源、服务与能力
5.1 自主培育发展新兴产业系统
5.2 自主培育发展新兴产业的资源要求
5.3 自主培育发展新兴产业的服务要求
5.4 自主培育发展新兴产业的创新能力和系统能力建设要求
5.5 本章小结

第6章 自主培育发展新兴产业的政策与制度和文化
6.1 自主培育发展新兴产业的政策
6.2 自主培育发展新兴产业的制度
6.3 自主培育发展新兴产业的文化
6.4 本章小结

第7章 营造企业的创新友好环境
7.1 企业技术创新战略及其与竞争战略之间的关系
7.2 技术创新战略的制定过程及其行为意向产生意向因素
7.3 技术创新战略成为企业重要战略的环境条件
7.4 本章小结

第8章 我国新兴产业培育和发展的现状及对策
8.1 我国新兴产业培育和发展的现状
8.2 江苏新兴产业培育和发展的典型案例分析
8.3 当前我国培育和发展新兴产业的主要障碍和问题
8.4 我国培育和发展新兴产业总体战略和任务及对策建议
8.5 本章小结
参考文献
Book Abstract

首先,因为产业中现有企业都是建立在渐进式技术创新基础之上的,倾向于采用相对稳定的创新方式及创新管理体系和流程,在既定的轨道上以企业比较容易驾驭的方式进行。这样,企业能够与现有市场和用户更紧密地结合起来,对产品进行渐进式的改进和提高。同时,企业也能够更方便地对创新的质量、速度和成本等进行监督和控制,使其更接近最佳状态。这种以渐进性为本质的创新是在不发生技术变革时企业成功经营的关键。这样,企业的注意力会主要集中在如何改进现有技术以更好地满足市场和用户的需求上,而难以识别能力破坏型技术即将出现的微弱信号,察觉能力破坏型技术变革创造的机会。
其次,即使现有企业能够感觉到能力破坏型技术变革创造的机会,真正具体地把握和利用这种机会也面临许多困难。因为像基因工程和Internet技术等能力破坏型技术变革的发生,往往导致其相关产业发生革命性的变化,要求企业以一种全新的方式做事,同时要求企业必须建立一套完全不同于传统技术环境下的创新组织管理方式。而原有技术水平越高的企业,其组织惯性也越大。在觉察到能力破坏型技术变革创造的机会后,很容易受传统的经验、处理问题的方式的束缚,倾向于采用旧的解决问题的方法解决新的问题。这种趋向性有时还很难调整,往往在用原来的方法解决问题失败后,才能迫使企业重新评估原有的方法,发展形成新的方法,形成新的组织惯例。这种在竞争过程中发展起来的、得到不断强化的组织结构和组织管理方式,实际上已经成为在技术突破发生时企业及时利用新技术的障碍,严重影响其利用技术突破机会的能力和可能性。
再次,现有企业的技术创新主要采用市场需求导向型战略,导致企业往往仅关注那些已经出现的创新需求或者有明确信号的创新需求,容易忽视引领新需求和新趋势的能力破坏型技术创新提供的机会。创新实际上是技术和市场的有效结合。创新管理的大量研究成果表明,理解用户需求,确认市场发展趋势,对企业的成功创新不可或缺。然而,能力破坏型技术带来的市场机会往往不是目前市场的延续,与目前市场的关联度很低。这样,基于对目前市场需求状况的分析,把握能力破坏型技术带来的市场机会,不仅很难发挥作用,而且可能产生误导。
最后,突破性创新产品往往要进入新的市场,相比渐进创新产品进入现有市场,既存在较大的技术风险,又存在较大的市场风险,企业利用突破性创新产品提供的机会,风险是非常高的。现有的企业,往往很难承受这么大的风险,这也使得相当一部分企业没能勇于利用突破性创新提供的机会。
……
Introduction

进入新的发展阶段,国际经济竞争格局日益呈现出全球化、创新、中国价值三大特征。在强大的信息、交通技术的支持下,全球化的深度和广度不断拓展。从市场全球化、生产全球化、资本全球化,到研发全球化、人才全球化,直至治理全球化。从现实来看,国际贸易额的增加、经济整合的深化、生产过程的进一步地域分化,使更为复杂的全球价值链得以形成。
在全球竞争与合作愈发紧密的背景下,发达国家、发展中国家都力图占据全球价值链的制高点,紧紧围绕绿色、智能等新兴产业发展,纷纷出台国家创新战略,大力推进技术创新,创造新的增长点,创新驱动经济增长逐渐成为各国经济、科技政策的核心内容。例如,美国强调要加强在科技领域的全面领导地位,让科学技术在应对国家发展问题中发挥主要作用,并且发布《创新战略:确保经济增长与繁荣》;欧盟大力推进《欧洲2020战略》,特别是创新型联盟旗舰计划;英国发布《以增长为目标的创新与研究战略》;俄罗斯发布《2020创新发展战略》;韩国提出要引领全球绿色技术创新;印度将未来十年确定为“创新十年”。
在全球创新热潮中,中国的创新实力显著跃升,引起世界关注。欧洲工商管理学院《全球创新指数2011》显示,中国是唯一进入创新指数前30名的发展中国家。英国皇家学会认为,如果各国既定的研发支出目标得以实现,即使美国仍保持其领先地位,中国也存在迎头赶上的可能。事实上,由于中国存在市场优势和人才优势,可以充分利用全球创新资源,依托本国规模性、多样性、增长性的市场,获得创新驱动发展的强大动力。
党的十八大描绘了全面建成小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的宏伟蓝图,发出向实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标进军的时代号召。根据十八大精神,中央又提出要实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。这就对增强创新驱动发展新动力提出了新要求。

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