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你为什么而工作(TED 思想的力量系列)

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《你为什么而工作:价值型员工进阶指南》是一本颠覆我们认知常识的书。

为什么全世界“消极怠工”员工的数量是热爱工作的“敬业”员工的两倍?

为什么你身边绝大部分的人,很少体会到工作的满足感?

为什么对于绝大多数人来说,工作是单调无聊、毫无意义、浪费生命的?

为什么公司里那些为了鼓舞员工士气、激励员工努力的机制反而降低甚至完全打消了员工工作的积极性?

西方著名心理学家之一巴里·施瓦茨,长期从事社会行为与心理学研究。他发现两个多世纪以来,我们完全被亚当·斯密等经济学大师的观点误导了,无论是社会,还是个体的人,我们一直被灌输着关于工作的一些错误观点,如人们做事情是因为“有利可图”,工作是为了获得报酬,为了养家糊口。

在《你为什么而工作》中,巴里·施瓦茨分析了真正激励人工作的内在因素。工作有好工作与坏工作之分,但是与行业和职位无关,清洁工、理发师、作业员都有成为让人满意的工作的潜力,真正的关键不在薪水,而在于自主权、变化性、技能提升与成长空间、以及与他人幸福的关联度。

了解工作背后的深层原因,使得我们能正确设计更好的工作环境,更了解如何激励团队,帮助自己找到工作的意义,真的拥有一份好工作。


Content Description

一本让人眼界大开的开创性的的工作指导用书,展示了在我们的文化中工作如何运作,以及如何你可以找到你自己幸福的工作场所的路径。
我们为什么要工作?这个问题似乎很简单。但施瓦兹教授证明答案是令人惊讶的,复杂的和迫切的。
Author Description

巴里·施瓦茨,美国宾夕法尼亚州斯沃斯莫尔学院的心理学教授,被认为是继诺贝尔经济学奖获得者丹尼尔·卡尼曼之后,西方具影响力的心理学家之一。目前为止,他已出版的书籍达10本,在专业期刊上发表的文章也达百余篇。施瓦茨之前出版的《选择的矛盾:为什么多即是少》被《商业周刊》和《福布斯》杂志评选为年度十大dingji商业图书之一,并且被翻译为25种语言。


Comments

年轻人对比较机械琐碎、需要耐心专注的工作往往承受力不高,所以经常容易跳槽。作为年轻的一代,应当去注重培养自己对待工作的专注力和持久力,毕竟很多行业是需要通过专注、坚持才能达到一定成就的。推荐这本书给即将走上工作岗位的年轻人静下心来认真读一读。

——张颐武 北京大学中文系教授


我们很多员工把自己的工作成果拿给主管和同事看的时候,心里是忐忑不安的,因为担心细节做得还不够好。工作成果并不限于产品本身,你做一个PPT也好,做一个报表也好,做一个内部分享也好,追求细节完美都是要付出额外的心血和精力的。

——罗永浩 锤子科技创始人


巴里·施瓦茨教授一直以来都是美国敏锐和富有同情心的观察者之一,如果你希望让自身或团队的工作更富有意义,你可能需要好好地品读一下这本睿智且充满力量的书。

——丹尼尔·H·平克 ,《驱动力》作者


该书是熔铸作者多年心血的潜心之作,阐述了对于“你为什么工作”这个问题的深刻洞察。强烈推荐,发人深省!

——艾米·瑞斯尼沃斯基 耶鲁大学组织行为学教授


本书历数几个世纪以来的商业和工业运营模式,用轻松愉快、通俗易懂的方式,娓娓揭示出支撑我们如何工作以及为什么工作的道德基础。如果你已有一份工作,或者你希望未来有一份工作,那请好好读一读本书吧。

——拉兹洛·博克 谷歌人力运营高级副总裁 ,《重新定义团队》作者


Catalogue

引 言 关键问题

我们为什么要工作?我们为什么要放弃既快乐又刺激的安逸生活,每天早晨睡眼惺忪地从舒适的床上挣扎而起?多么愚蠢的问题啊。我们工作当然是因为我们要养家糊口。确实如此,但仅此而已吗?当然不是!


第一章 工作动力的来源

如果从工作中寻求挑战、意义、成就和满足感是人类的天性,我们便需要打破长达三个世纪之久的层层禁锢,这坚不可摧的禁锢中包裹的是对人类天性和人类动机的深层误解。同时,我们也要帮助积极营造出饱含挑战性、意义、成就感和满足感的工作场所。


第二章 带着使命感工作

可能只有少数人才能有一份让其满意的工作,也可能从事一份不那么令人满意的工作是我们获取物质财富时必须付出的代价,也或许这两个原因兼而有之。但这两个原因看似可信,其实都是错误的。


第三章 赋予工作额外的价值

在我长大成人的道路上,我做了一些“好”工作,也做了一些“坏”工作。其实好工作与坏工作就工作职责本身没有太大的区别,更多地是我们赋予了工作何种额外的意义。


第四章 创造需求还是迎合需求

市场应该迎合消费者的需求还是创造消费者的需求?在新闻和娱乐界, 媒体应该迎合大众的口味还是应该引领大众的口味?现代社会中,我们已经习惯了关于这些问题的两难讨论。在迎合与创造之争中,我们或许有自己的看法。类似这样的问题在我们的生活中很普遍,而找到这些问题的正确答案将对未来社会产生深远的影响。


第五章 不忘初心

如果经常认真地思考我们所从事的工作,以及我们要求他人所从事的工作,那么工作的世界、人类面临的世界都将变得不一样,人类天性也将变得不一样。我们将帮助那些为我们工作的人拥有更富足的人生,每个人都将由此受益。


致 谢

参考文献

关于作者

相关演讲


Introduction

引言 关键问题

我们为什么要工作?我们为什么要放弃既快乐又刺激的安逸生活,每天早晨睡眼惺忪地从舒适的床上挣扎而起?多么愚蠢的问题啊。我们工作当然是因为我们要养家糊口。确实如此,但仅此而已吗?当然不是!当你去问那些工作狂们为什么要努力工作时,他们似乎很少提到金钱。关于为什么工作,人们给出了一长串丰富有趣但跟金钱无关的缘由。

对于那些从工作中获得成就感的人,他们将工作当成事业来经营,并且沉浸其中,尽管并不总是这种状态,但毫无疑问,工作对于他们来说至关重要。对这些人来说,工作中充满挑战,而正是这种挑战性,迫使他们远离舒适和懈怠,不断磨炼和提升自我。这些幸运的人认为他们从事的工作充满乐趣,就如同他们做填字游戏和九宫格游戏那样有意思。

除此之外,还有其他原因吗?那些对工作满意度高的人,

认为自己从工作中获取了某种掌控感,他们在工作中努力地锻炼自身的自主性和判断力,并借此不断提高自己的工作技能和专业水准。他们孜孜不倦地学习新东西,无论是作为员工还是作为个体的人,都能持续不断地获取自身的发展。

另外,从事工作也是出于社交的需要。工作中个体常常作为团队成员一起完成任务,即使是独立工作或工作闲暇时,仍然有许多与他人打交道的社交机会。

最后,对工作满意度高,有时是因为个人从事的工作非常有意义。他们的工作可能正在改变着世界,让他人的生活变得更加美好,更加有意义。

当然,极少有工作满足上述所有特性。我甚至觉得,任何时候均包含上述所有特性的工作几乎是不存在的。但正是工作的上述种种特性促使着我们离开舒适的家,促使着我们带着工作回家加班,促使着我们与他人谈论着自己的工作,让我们不愿“解甲归田”早早退休。没钱当然没人愿意工作,但钱却不是我们工作的首要原因。通常情况下,我们认为因钱而工作是一个糟糕的工作动因。事实上,当我们谈论一个人是因为钱而工作时,我们并不仅仅是在客观描述,而是夹杂了批判的情感在内。

无论是出于上述哪个原因,工作总是能给人带来极大的满足感。但问题来了,为什么世界上绝大部分的人,没有或是很少体会到这种满足感呢?为什么对我们中的绝大多数人来说, 工作是单调无聊、毫无意义、浪费生命的呢?为什么随着资本

主义的发展,那些为了鼓舞员工士气、激励员工努力的机制反而降低甚至完全打消了员工工作的积极性呢?无论是在工厂、快餐店、订单承接库房,又或者在律师事务所、教室、诊所、公司办公室,人们都是为了钱而工作。或许他们尝试着努力找到了工作的意义、工作带来的挑战性以及工作中提升自我的空间,但最终工作环境击败了他们。流程化的工作方式意味着除了钱之外,他们真的找不到促使其工作的其他理由。

2013年由华盛顿特区的盖洛普民意调查组织进行的一项研究结果显示,全世界“消极怠工”的员工数量是热爱工作的“敬业”员工的两倍。从20世纪90年代后期开始,盖洛普一直致力于研究测量全球职场人士的工作满意度,在长达二十多年的时间里,该项调查总共访问了遍布于189个国家的2500万名员工。最新一期的调查信息来自于142个国家的23万名全职和兼职员工。调查结果显示,总体来说,仅仅有13%的员工积极工作,他们对工作充满热情与干劲,奋力拼搏,不断推动公司向前发展;约63%的人对工作却“并不投入”,他们旷工早退, 每天混日子,对工作并不上心;另有约24%的员工则“消极怠工”,对工作相当厌恶。换言之,全球的职场人士中,有近90%的人认为,工作更多时候带给他们的是沮丧和挫败,而非光荣与梦想。想想这项统计调查的结果,90%的成年人将大半的生命耗费在他们不愿意从事的工作当中,待在他们并不情愿待的地方。这浪费了多少社会的、情感的甚至经济的资源呀。

对于为什么工作,盖洛普收集到了各式各样的回答,如同我在前文中所列出的那些原因:工作助力个人的成长和发展、工作中被上级和同事欣赏和褒扬、工作中他人尊重和赞同自己的意见和看法、感觉自己所做的工作意义重大、在工作中可以结交好友。所有这些回答都是调查中收集到的反馈。然而,对于绝大多数的职场人士来说,工作更像是无奈之举,他们也并没有积极向上的工作动力。为什么会出现这种情况?本书将为您娓娓道来。

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Jingdong book