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Jingdong book

进化心理学（第4版）

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Jingdong book

进化心理学（第4版）

Name: 进化心理学（第4版）
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3116036891
Price: 39.35 USD
Availability: OutOfStock

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Content Description

进化心理学是当今心理学研究的一种新范式，在以往鲜有研究者涉足的某些心理学领域(比如爱情、择偶、亲属关系、友谊、美、母性、合作、性行为、攻击性等)，进化心理学提供了一种富有建设性的解释框架。本书正是关于该领域研究的****的著作。

Comments

“巴斯的这本教科书无疑是进化心理学领域的标杆之作。这一版更新了进化心理学领域的研究，写作风格清晰简洁。”
——布莱恩·布朗（Blaine Browne）瓦尔多斯塔州立大学心理学系教授

Catalogue

中文版序言
序言
第一编进化心理学的基础理论
第1章导致进化心理学出现的科学运动
进化思想史上的里程碑事件
达尔文之前的进化理论
达尔文的自然选择理论
达尔文的性选择理论
自然选择和性选择理论在进化论中的地位
现代综合：基因与颗粒式遗传
习性学运动
广义适合度革命
厘清适应和自然选择的概念
特里弗斯的开创性理论
社会生物学引起的争论
对进化论的常见误解
误解一：人类的行为是由基因决定的
误解二：如果行为是进化而来的，我们就无法改变它
误解三：当前的机制是最优设计
现代人类起源的里程碑事件
心理学领域的里程碑
弗洛伊德的精神分析理论
栏目1.1 走出非洲还是多地域起源：现代人类的起源假说
威廉·詹姆士和本能心理学
行为主义的兴起
关于文化多样性的惊人发现
加西亚效应、预备恐惧以及激进行为主义的衰落
探究黑箱：认知革命
小结
推荐阅读
第2章作为新科学的进化心理学
人性的起源
关于复杂适应性机制的起源的三种理论
进化的三大产物
进化心理学的进化分析水平
人性的核心：进化心理机制的基本原理
万物皆有本性
进化形成的心理机制的定义
进化形成的心理机制的重要特征
学习、文化和进化形成的心理机制
检验进化假设的方法
比较不同的物种
跨文化方法
生理学和脑成像方法
遗传学方法
比较雄性和雌性
比较物种内的不同个体
比较不同情境中的同一个体
实验法
检验进化假设的数据来源
考古学记录
来自狩猎一采集社会的数据
观察
自我报告法
生活史数据和公共记录
人类的制造物
超越单一数据来源的局限
确定适应性问题
以现代进化论为指导
以普遍的人性结构的知识为指导
以传统社会为指导
……

第二编生存问题
第3章克服恶劣的自然条件——人类的生存问题

第三编性行为和择偶行为的挑战
第4章女性的长期择偶策略
第5章男性的长期择偶策略
第6章短期的性关系策略

第四编亲代抚育和亲属关系的挑战
第7章亲代抚育问题
第8章亲属关系问题

第五编群居问题
第9章合作联盟
第10章攻击与战争
第11章两性冲突
第12章地位、声望和社会等级

第六编一门整合的心理科学
第13章走向统一的进化心理学
参考文献
索引

Book Abstract

《进化心理学（第4版）》：
狩猎假说还能够解释牢固的互惠式利他行为（strong reciprocal altruism）和社会交换（social change）是如何在人类身上出现的。人类表现出广泛的互惠关系，这种关系可能持续几年、几十年甚至一辈子，这在灵长目动物中也是独一无二的（Tooby&DeVore，1987）。在大型狩猎活动中，捕获的肉类数量远远超出了一个狩猎者的食量。此外，能否狩猎成功也是充满变数，这一次成功地逮到猎物的人在下次也许毫无收获（Hill&Hurtado，1996）。这些条件催生了人们将狩猎得来的食物与他人分享。一个猎人会将他一时吃不完的肉分给其他人享用，因为他自己吃不下，而肉又很快就会变质，所以他实际付出的代价很小。然而，当他后来从别人那里得到回馈时，他却能获得巨大的收益。本质上，猎人只是将剩下的肉“储存”在他朋友和邻居的肚子里而已（Pinker，1997）。
狩猎假说还为劳动的性别分工（sexnal division oflabor）提供了一个合理的解释。男性体型高大身体强健，能够精确地远距离投射，所以非常适合狩猎（Watson，2001）。而古代的女性则不大适合狩猎，她们通常忙于生育和抚养子女。在现代的“狩猎一采集”社会当中，劳动分工也是非常明确的：男性狩猎，女性采集并且带着她们的孩子。即使是在现代社会环境中，两性的休闲方式也截然不同。一项针对3479名挪威人的调查显示，男性比女性更多地从事狩猎（大型或小型）和钓鱼等活动；女性则更多从事采摘浆果和蘑菇之类的活动（Roskaft，Hagen，Hagen，&Moksnes，2004）。两性之间可以交换食物——男性提供打猎所得的肉，女性则提供采集来的植物或果实。总之，狩猎为现代人类表现出来的明确劳动分工提供了一种可能的解释（Tooby&DeVore，1987）。
最后，狩猎假说还能够为石器工具的出现提供一种强有力的解释。石器工具通常和大型动物的骸骨在同一地点被发现——当然是200万年前的地方（Klein，2000）。人类祖先们似乎用这些工具来猎杀动物，并将动物身上的肉从骨头和软骨组织上分离开来。
总之，尽管研究者们通常假定，供养妻子和子女是狩猎活动出现的主要原因，但狩猎假说还能解释许多其他的现象。除了解释男性巨大的亲代投资行为之外，狩猎假说至少还能部分地解释男性之间的牢固同盟、朋友之间的互惠式同盟和社会交换，以及劳动的性别分工和石器工具的发展。
……

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