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Jingdong book

口腔颌面医学影像学

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Books Medical Science Oral Sciences

Jingdong book

口腔颌面医学影像学

Name: 口腔颌面医学影像学
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3117043791
Price: 42.53 USD
Availability: OutOfStock

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Content Description

本书为适应我国口腔医学专业八年制教学需要编写，主要以北京大学口腔医学院半个世纪以来积累的珍贵资料为依据编撰而成，涵盖了口腔颌面部多种医学影像检查技术及牙体、牙周疾病、颌面骨炎症、牙及颌面骨外伤、颌骨囊肿、肿瘤及瘤样病变、颌面颈部软组织肿块病变、涎腺疾病、颞下颌关节疾病、系统病在口腔及颅—颌面骨的表现，口腔颌面部介入放射学和口腔颌面种植学等多方面的内容。

Catalogue

第1章绪论
一、学科发展概况
二、医学影像检查方法选择及诊断
三、学习方法
第2章放射物理学概述
第1节Ｘ-射线的产生
一、Ｘ线球管的基本结构
二、Ｘ-射线在阳极产生的基本原理
三、Ｘ-射线的能量供应
四、影响Ｘ射线产生强弱的有关因素
第2节Ｘ-射线与物体间的相互作用
第3章放射生物学效应
第1节射线对机体的直接和间接作用
一、电离水解
二、射线对生物大分子的作用
三、射线对细胞产生的效益
四、射线对组织和器官的影响
五、射线对口腔组织的影响
第2节全身辐射的急性反应
第3节辐射引起的慢性及远期效应
第4章放射防护
第1节放射防护原则
第2节口腔放射防护原则
一、减少照射时间
一、屏蔽防护
三、提高Ｘ线透过系数
四、距离防护
五、防护应限于可能实现的程度
第5章口内Ｘ线片投照技术及正常Ｘ线解剖
第1节根尖片
一、分角线投照技术
二、平行投照技术
……

Book Abstract

2.限制X线管组装体的X线泄漏各种X线机除有供X线束通过的特设窗口外，X线管组装体应有足够的屏蔽厚度，以便将漏射线辐射水平降低到规定值以下。我国规定牙科用X线机的X线管组装体应有足够铅当量的防护层，以使距焦点Im处漏射线1小时累积照射量不得超过25mGy，其遮线筒（集光筒）应有0.5mm铅当量的防护。其末端的有用线直径不得超过70mm。
3.使用持片器我国牙科X线检查防护规程规定，牙科X线检查时，不能使直射线束照射到受检者以外的任何人。牙科胶片应固定在所需的位置上或由受检者本人扶持。在拍摄根尖片时，使用持片器可以代替患者的手指将胶片固定在口腔内的适当位置，不仅减少患者手部接受的剂量，而且避免了其他人受到直接照射。目前在临床上已有多种持片器应用。
4.患者防护屏蔽对患者使用铅橡皮裙、甲状腺铅领进行防护是十分重要的，特别是对儿童更应使用。在发达国家早已普遍使用，我国一些单位也已经开始使用，但尚未得到普遍的重视。铅橡皮裙和甲状腺铅领不能减少对患者面部的曝光量，但可以明显地减少对患者身体其他部位的照射量。甲状腺铅领可以减少来自原发射线对甲状腺照射量的50%。佩戴铅橡皮裙可以减少散射线对生殖器官照射量的98%。此外，铅橡皮裙尚可减少对胸部、骨盆及长骨的照射量，有利于保护这些部位的骨髓组织免受损害。在可能的情况下应对受检者的性腺进行屏蔽。一名受检者正在接受X线检查时，其他受检者不得在X线室内停留。无清楚的临床指标时，不应进行X线检查。对儿童和孕妇如无周密的检查和治疗计划，不应扩大或重复X线检查。
5.工作环境的屏蔽我国规定X线检查时屏蔽初级射线不应使用空心预制板而应采用15cm厚的现浇混凝土或在有用线束照射范围内铺设铅板。此外，机房门应具有与防护墙同等的屏蔽厚度。机房一般应开设高窗防止射线通过窗口照射到邻室中去。工作人员在进行X线检查前应关闭照射室的防护门。不可将有用线束直接照射窗户及X线室与操纵台或暗室之间的墙壁。一般活动的铅屏风只可用作屏蔽二次射线，不应作为操作者的唯一屏蔽设施。
经测定，在距牙科X线机Im远的铅屏风后面二次射线量率为6.708×10-3mC/（kg.h），故进行X线摄影时工作人员必须站在屏蔽室内，通过铅玻璃观察受检者。透视时最好为隔室操作，若用普通荧光屏进行透视，管电压为100kV时，管电流不得大于4mA，使用影像增强器时，管电流不得大于ImA。在满足诊断要求的条件下，应将照射野和照射时间减到最小值。
三、提高x线透过系数
1.适当提高管电压一般情况下，X线管电压越高，所加的滤过片越厚，它所产生的X线束的穿透力越强，用来进行X线诊断时，受检身体表面X线射出处的平均照射量与射人处平均照射量的比值——透过系数也越大。这样可以用较小的入射照射量获得相同的射出照射量，用来形成可供诊断的影像。如需用管电压65kV、管电流4mA条件曝光时，改用管电压80kV时，则管电流仅需0.5mA即可，此时管电流降低为原来的1/8，受检查的皮肤照射量减少到原来的1/5。因此应尽可能采用高管电压。
2.适当增加射线管口滤过厚度X线具有连续的能谱，X线束的低能部分很快被人体吸收，为形成X线图像的无用射线。为了使受检者不受这种无用的低能X线的照射，X线机应使用不小于规定的固定滤过厚度。我国规定管电压在50～70kV的X线机固定滤过不能少于1.5mm厚度铝。管电压在70～100kV的X线机固定滤过不应少于2.0mm厚度铝。
……

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Jingdong book

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