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Jingdong book

为什么长大?

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Books Philosophy / Religion Chinese Philosophy

Jingdong book

为什么长大?

Name: 为什么长大?
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3123000191
Price: 31.93 USD
Availability: OutOfStock

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Content Description

知名哲学家苏珊·奈曼在启蒙传统的脉络中，对成长与责任、从众随俗与个人自由展开思考，追问“哲学能否帮助我们找到一种与屈从妥协无关的成熟状态”，讨论我们对世界本来是怎样与世界应该是怎样这两者的理解，是如何受到各种经验的深化或阻碍。成长本身就是一大理想——一个很难完全实现但绝对值得为之奋斗的理想。

Author Description

苏珊·奈曼，爱因斯坦论坛的负责人，2014年斯宾诺莎奖获得者。著作曾被译成多种文字，包括《道德明晰：成年理想主义者指南》(Moral Clarity：A Guide for Grownup Idealists)《现代思想中的邪恶：另类哲学史》(Evilin Modern Thought：An Alternative History ofPhilosophy)《理性与文火的统一：柏林犹太录》(The Unity of Reason and Slow Fire：Jewish Notes from Berlin)。1986年获哈佛大学哲学博士学位，受业于罗尔斯，先后在耶鲁大学和特拉维夫大学担任哲学教授。她还为美国、德国和英国的多家媒体撰写文化政治评论。现居柏林，有三个已经成年的孩子。

Comments

★实用哲学的杰作，许多地方甚至给人像读康德本人著作一样的启发，但又是那么通俗易读。
——《独立报》

★我们崇拜青春，却回应理想主义以“快点长大吧”的劝诫，所以我们到底想要什么？
——《卫报》

★我们的文化中年龄歧视是如此根深蒂固，奈曼回击种种成见，着力探讨在一个幼齿化的时代里，什么样的教育能让人心智完善成熟，在每日的生活中，能够如何与依赖抗争。
——《新共和》

Catalogue

导言

一、先哲的思考
可能世界
何为启蒙？
打破枷锁

二、幼年、童年、青年
出生这件事
别再被愚弄了
不满足的心灵

三、成年
教育
旅行
工作

四、为什么要成长

Book Abstract

我们完全可以问：像成长这样复杂多样的过程，哲学究竟能说多少?哲学家探讨一般真理——有些哲学家仍在探索必要或普遍的真理，但是，我们只要有一丁点经验就可以知道，成长是一件非常具体的事。
萨摩亚人的成长与南安普敦人的成长不同，甚至在一种文化内部，过几十年也会不-样，过几百年更是面目全非了。法国历史学家菲利普·阿利埃斯(Philippe Aries)认为，中世纪早期欧洲人没有童年的概念；直到12世纪，儿童的受关注程度提升，才有资格进入画作，但即便如此，他们也只是被画成小大人，他们的特征或表情完全是大人的样子。后来的历史学家批评阿利埃斯过于草率地从肖像研究得出概念性结论，但他最重要的洞见依然是站得住脚的：不管中世纪的欧洲人有什么样的儿童概念，它一定和我们的不一样。如果我们仔细观察画作，甚至可以问阿利埃斯的儿童概念是否与我们现在的儿童概念一致。他在1960年撰写极具原创性的著作《儿童的世纪》(Centuries of Childhood)，当时他是否会想到我们今天悠然自得地录制并分享着大量的婴儿视频?除了少数社会科学家以外，这些视频大概只对孩子的祖父母或者他将来的未婚妻有意义吧?
这样做之所以可能，当然是因为很多事情已经发生改变，但最大的改变莫过于，在关于童年的看法上，现在人们开始想当然地认为孩子会活过婴儿期。17世纪的法国孩子熟悉生死，就像他们熟悉性一样。这种情形不是只发生在全家只能在一个房间里生活的农舍。御医艾罗阿尔(Heroard)的日记有这样一则观察记录：未来的路易斯十三世一岁时，“保姆用手指拨动他的小鸡鸡，他笑得喘不过气来。如此玩弄颇具诱惑力，小孩毫不迟疑地就自己学着做了。他叫住一位侍者：‘嘿，过来!’然后撩起衣裳展示自己的小鸡鸡……他兴高采烈地让每个人亲他的小鸡鸡”(《儿童的世纪》，第100页)。
过去几十年里，性虐待一直被忽略，现在我们拼命去弥补，但最好谨记不是所有对儿童性方面的关注都是虐待。在现代法国早期，上面提到的行为在人们看来是很正常的。孩子到了七八岁，人们才期望他们稳重地对待性方面的事情。这完全不同于维多利亚时期人们对儿童天真无邪的期许，也完全不同于今天热切关注的性侵或男色。我们不禁要问，在这三个时期，拥有一个孩子的身体是不是同一回事。
在一个重视教育，把孩子与大人分开，送到所谓学校的新机构的世界里，拥有一个孩子的心灵的意义已大不相同。在欧洲中世纪早期，大多数儿童只要长到能够擦地板就被吸纳到了成年人劳作的世界。男孩应当与成年人分开，享受或忍受一段时期的教导，这个做法始于17世纪，由此引发了认为儿童期是一个长时段的现代观念。与被送到学校去的孩子相比，女孩与穷人家孩子的童年依然很短暂。即使对于上学的孩子，我们肯定也思考过，在学童这个年龄段为什么有相似的行为，即，他们经常拿起武器忤逆老师。例如，1649年在法国一个叫做迪(Die)的地方发生了一件事：学习逻辑的学生在学校内部设置障碍，阻止老师和其他班的学生进来，用手枪射击，弄脏第一个和第三个教室的讲台，把第二个教室里的凳子扔到窗外，撕烂课本，最后从第四个教室的窗户爬出来。
……

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