高级高级英语选修课教材·历史与文化系列·21世纪实用礼仪系列教材：西方文明史（第5版）

《西方文明史（第5版）》囊括了历史地理、政治制度、经济样式、地区冲突与战争、宗教、思想观念、文化艺术、社会生活等诸多的内容，让读者对西方文明史的整体轮廓与丰厚积淀有了一个比较清晰的认识。
This bust of Socrates portrays himwith the traditional beard of thephilosopher．His features display thetraditiOn that thiS man．whosethoughts were the most beautiful．was nevertheless of rema rkablyhomely appearance．The battle of Agincourt（1415）wasone of the great battles of the HundredYears’War．
The heavily armoredFrench cavalry mel defeat at lhehands of a much smaller force ofdisciplined English pikemen andIongbowmen．
This image of Henry VIII is amongthe most recognizable from an age of mona rchy that began in the sixteenth century and coincided withthe consoI；dations of nations in western Europe and their expansioninto aII CO rners of the g10be Everywhere small principalities and kingdoms were absorbed by theirlarger and more powerful neighbors，and EuropeS military might was ondisplay as far easl as India and asfar west as Peru．
Though Englandplayed but a smalI part in a centurydominated by Spain and France，even its monarch could believe thathe bestrode lhe world fike a colossus．This cartoon depicts the plightof the French peasants．An oldfa rme r iS bowed down Unde rthe weight of the p riviIegeda ristoc racy and cle rgy whilebirds and rabbits，protected byunfair game laws，eat his crops．

《西方文明史》既紧紧把握了政治发展的线索，同时又兼顾了经济、文化等诸多领域，并运用“新史学”的方法，将底层大众的日常社会生活也囊括其中，力求多层次、多角度地揭示西方文明起源、发展、演进、更新的漫长历程和整体图景。在叙述和阐释西方文明历史的过程中，作者将大多数精力“一直聚焦在拓展出一种对西方文明的可靠的和易读的叙述上”，而并非要将之写成“一部百科全书”。因此，凡是与这一学术主旨不相关的庞杂内容一概不予叙述，而那些被长期忽略了的“普通男女的历史”则被纳入到叙事之中。此外，作者还从文明的“亲缘”关系出发，将斯拉夫文明作为西方文明的组成部分而不是边缘地带来加以叙述。正是基于这样的新理念，该书囊括了历史地理、政治制度、经济样式、地区冲突与战争、宗教、思想观念、文化艺术、社会生活等诸多的内容，让读者对西方文明史的整体轮廓与丰厚积淀有了一个比较清晰的认识。

Detailed Contents
Preface
Supplements
About the Authors
INTRODUCTION: The Idea of Western Civilization
Chapter 1 The First Civilizations
Chapter 2 Early Greece,2500-500 B.C.E.
Chapter 3 Classical and Hellenistic Greece,500-100 B.C.E.
Chapter 4 Eady Rome and the Roman Republic,800-146 B.C.E.
Chapter 5 Imperial Rome,146 B.C.E.-192 C.E.
Chapter 6 The Transformation of the Classical World,192-500
Chapter 7 The Classical Legacy in the East: Byzantium and Islam
Chapter 8 The West in the Early Middle Ages,500-900
Chapter 9 The High Middle Ages,900-1300
Chapter 10 The Later Middle Ages,1300-1500
Chapter 11 The Italian Renaissance
Chapter 12 The European Empires
Chapter 13 The Reform of Religion
Chapter 14 Europeat War,I555-I648
Chapter 15 The Experiences of Life in Early Modern Europe,1500-1650
Chapter 16 The Royal State in the Seventeenth Century
Chapter 17 Science and Commerce in Early Modern Europe
Chapter 18 The Balance of Power in Eighteenth-Century Europe
Chapter 19 Culture and Society in Eighteenth-Century Europe
Chapter 20 The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era,1789-1815
Chapter 21 Industrial Europe
Chapter 22 Political Upheavals and Social Transformations,1815-1850
Chapter 23 State Building and Social Change in Europe,1850-1871
Chapter 24 The Crisis ofEuropean Culture,1871-1914
Chapter 25 Europe and the World,1870-1914
Chapter 26 War and Revolution,1914-1920
Chapter 27 The European Search for Stability,1920-1939
Chapter 28 Global Conflagration: Wodd War Ⅱ,/939-1945
Chapter 29 The Cold War and Postwar Economic Recovery,1945-1970
Chapter 30 The End of the Cold War and New Global Challenges,1970 to the Present
词汇与注释

The West is an idea．It is not visible from space．An astro-naut viewing the blue——and·-white terrestrial sphere can make out the forms of Africa，bounded by the Atlantic，the Indian Ocean，the Red Sea，and the Mediterranean．Australia，the Americas，and even Antarctica are distinct patches of blue-green in the darker waters that surround them．But nothing comparable separates Asia from Europe，East from West．Viewed from 100 miles up，the West itself is invisible．Although astronauts can see the great Eurasian landmass curving around the Northern Hemisphere，the Ural Mountainsmthe theoretical boundary between East and West——appear faint from space．Certainly they are less impressive than the towering Himalayas，the Alps，or even the Caucasus．People，not geology,determined that the Urals should be the arbitrary boundary between Europe and Asia． Even this determination took centuries．Originally,Europe was a name that referred only to central Greece．Gradually,Greeks extended it to include the whole Greek mainland and then the landmass to the north．Later,Roman explorers and soldiers carried Europe north and west to its modern bound-aries．Asia too grew with time．Initially,Asia was only that small portion of what is today Turkey inland from the Aegean Sea．Gradually,as Greek explorers came to know of lands far-ther east，north，and south，they expanded their understand。ing of Asia to include everything east of the Don River to the north and ofthe Red Sea to the south． Western civilization is as much an idea as the West itsel Under the right conditions，astronauts can see the Great Wall of China snaking its way from the edge of the Himalayas to the Yellow Sea．No comparable physical legacy ofthe West is so mas-sire that its details can be discerned from space．Nor are Western achievements rooted forever in one corner of the world．Ⅵ1at we call Western civilization belongs to no particular place．Its lo．cation has changed since the origins of civilization，that is，the cultural and social traditions characteristic of the civitas,or city．Western”cities appeared first outside the”West）,in the Tigris and Euphrates river basins in present-day Iraq and Iran，a region山at we today call the Middle East．These areas have never losttheir urban traditions，but in time，other cities in North Africa，Greece，and Italy adapted and expanded this heritage． Until the sixteenth century c…E the western end of the Eurasian landmass was the crucible in which disparate cul．tural and intellectual traditions of the Near East．the Mediterranean，and northern and western Europe were smelted into a new and powerful alloy．Then“the West”ex-panded by establishing colonies overseas and by giving rise tothe“settler societies”of the Americas，Australia and NewZealand，and South Africa．Western technology for harnessing nature，Westerh formsof economic and political organization，Western styles of artand music are for good or ill-一dominant influences inworld civilization．Japan is a leading power in the Western tra．ditions of capitalist commerce and technology．China，themost populous country in the world，adheres to Marxist so．cialist principles——a European political tradition．Millions ofpeople in Africa，Asia，and the Americas follow the religions ofIslam and Christianity,both of which developed fromJudaism in the cradle ofWestern civilization．

正如德国人的人文著述中充满日尔曼民族的自豪感和优越感那样，西方历史学家在撰写他们自己的文明史时，往往会过度褒扬西方人的民族性、制度和文化。在他们的笔下，西方文明通常被看做人类文明发展的主线和轴心，东方文明则自然成为“化外”或“非主流”。M．A．凯什岚斯基（M。A．Kishlallsky）等人的《西方文明史》似乎突破了这一思想束缚和文化囹固，采用一种客观的、联系的和发展的观点来追溯西方文明的历史足迹。这在林林总总的西方文明史的著作当中，不得不说是难能可贵的了。