Scrum精髓：敏捷转型指南

上市以来雄踞敏捷类畅销书榜首，热评如潮
· Scrum精髓，一点就通， 一本就够
· 揭示同类书不告诉你的主题和秘笈
· 适用于大多数敏捷过程的实用指南
· 适合团队成员、经理和执行负责人阅读的知识读本
如果想用Scrum来开发足以引爆流行的产品和服务，本书就是你梦寐以求的完全参考。作为业内领先的敏捷教练和培训师，Kenneth Rubin用通俗易懂的语言和丰富的实例与我们分享他十多年的实践经验，诠释Scrum的价值观、原则和实践，描述一些灵活、可行的方法帮助我们用好Scrum。
针对Scrum新手和达人，本书从团队、产品和产品组合这三个层面来介绍、澄清和深化Scrum的相关原则和应用。Rubin曾帮助数百个组织成功应用Scrum，积累了相当丰富的实践经验和表达能力。作为这些经验和能力的结晶，本书图文并茂，通过通俗易懂的描述和两百多幅图对Scrum进行了阐述，这些图采用的是一种全新的视觉图标语言，用于描述Scrum的角色、工件和活动。
《Scrum精髓：敏捷转型指南》可以帮助团队成员、经理和执行主管了解Scrum常识，掌握可以拿来即用的通用词汇表，充分攫取Scrum的潜力，最终实现优秀团队能够做到持续、稳健发展的目标。

海报：

短短几年时间，Scrum跃升为敏捷优选方法，在全球各地得以普遍应用。针对如何用好、用巧这个看似简单的框架，本书以通俗易懂的语言、条理清晰的脉络阐述和提炼出Scrum的精髓。全书共4部分23章，阐述了七大核心概念：Scrum框架，敏捷原则，冲刺，需求和用户故事，产品订单，估算与速率，技术债；五大角色：产品负责人，ScrumMaster，开发团队，Scrum团队结构，经理：Scrum规划原则及四大规划活动：多层次规划、产品组合规划、产品规划和长期规划；冲刺四大活动：规划、执行、评审和回顾。
《Scrum精髓：敏捷转型指南》取自作者十多年的实践经验，对员工个体和管理层都具有重要的指导和参考意义，可以帮助企业导入Scrum方法实现敏捷转型，从而在动态的商业环境中以积极的心态拥抱变化，做出优秀、卓越的产品，成就创业、守业、常青基业。

Kenneth Rubin，Ken提供Scrum和敏捷培训与教导服务，旨在帮助企业以更高效、更经济合理的方式开发产品。作为一名认证的Scrum培训师，他曾为1.8万人提供过Scrum和敏捷培训，管理过面向对象项目与企业转型管理过程。他还为数千家公司（从初创公司到财富十强的企业）提供教练服务。Rubin是全球Scrum联盟的首任常务董事，Scrum联盟是一家非盈利机构，着眼于推广Scrum的成功应用。从事开发工作期间，Rubin也是一个能干的多面手，先后担任过Scrum产品负责人、ScrumMaster和开发人员。他的管理经历也很丰富，担任过CEO，COO，工程副总，产品管理副总和专业服务副总。他还是Succeeding with Objects: Decision Frameworks for Project Management一书的合著者，此书出版于1995年。他还独立开发了业内享有盛誉的OBA/D（对象行为分析与设计）方法论。

"Agile coaches, you're gonna be happy with this book. Kenny Rubin has created
an indispensable resource for us. Do you have a manager who just doesn't 'get it'? Hand them this book and ask them to flip to Chapter 3 for a complete explanation of how Scrum is less risky than plan-driven management. It's written just for them-in management-speak. Want to help the team come to a common understanding of Scrum? The visual icon language used throughout this book will help you help them. These are just two ways this book can aid you to coach Scrum teams. Use it well."
——Lyssa Adkins，敏捷教练总教练，Agile Coaching Institute，《如何构建敏捷项目管理团队》合著者

"One of the best, most comprehensive descriptions of the core Scrum frameworkout there! Essential Scrum is for anyone-new to or experienced with Scrum-who's interested in the most mportant aspects of the process. Kenny does an excellent job of distilling the key tenets of the Scrum framework into a simple format with compelling visuals. As a Scrum coach for many teams, I continually reference the material for new ways to help teams that are learning and practicing the framework. I've seen Scrum continually misinterpreted and poorly implemented by big companies and tool vendors for more than ten years. Reading this book will help you get back to the basics and focus on what's important."
——Joe Balistrieri，流程开发经理，罗克韦尔自动化公司

"Corporate IT leadership, which has been slow to embrace agile methods, would benefit immensely from giving a copy of this book to all of their project and delivery managers. Kenny Rubin has laid out in this book all the pragmatic business case and process materials needed for any corporate IT shop to successfully implement Scrum."
——John F. Bauer III，总能及时交付技术方案的老兵

"Kenny's extensive experience as a consultant, trainer, and past managing director of the Scrum Alliance is evident in this book. Along with providing the basics and introduction to Scrum, this book addresses the questions of masses-what happens to project managers? Essential Scrum helps us understand the big picture and guides how organization leaders can support and be involved with their Scrum teams for successful agile transformations."
——Sameer S. Bendre，CSM，PMP，高级顾问，3i Infotech公司

"If you're new to agile development or to Scrum, this book will give you a flying start. The examples and descriptions are clear and vivid, and you'll often find yourself asking a question just before the book addresses that very topic."
——Johannes Brodwall，解决方案总架构师，Steria Norway

"Kenny's well-structured explanations have a clarity to them that echoes the sensibilities of Smalltalk-the development environment with which he worked for years and from which both Scrum and Extreme Programming were born. This book pulls together a thorough set of agile management rinciples that really hit the mark and will no doubt guide you toward a more effective agile approach."
——Rowan Bunning，创始人，Scrum WithStyle

"There are lots of books on Scrum these days, but this book takes a new angle: a
reality check for software practitioners. Kenny uses real-world examples and clear illustrations to show what makes a solid foundation for successful agile development. Readers will understand the value of building quality in, and the reality that we can't get everything right up front; we must work incrementally and learn as we go. It might have 'Scrum' in the title, but the book leverages effective practices from the larger agile universe to help managers and their teams succeed."
——Lisa Crispin，《敏捷测试》合著者

"Kenny Rubin managed to write the book that I want everyone associated with
Scrum development to read! He covers everything you'll need to know about Scrum and more!"
——Martine Devos，欧洲Scrum先驱和认证Scrum培训师

"I've reviewed a number of agile books in the past few years, so the question of 'Do we really need another one?' always comes to my mind. In the case of Kenny's book, I very much believe the answer is 'yes.' Getting the benefit of different, experienced perspectives on commonly encountered and needed material is valuable. Kenny has one of those valuable perspectives. One unique aspect of the book is an interesting 'iconography'-a new icon language for Scrum and agile that Kenny has created. I believe you'll find value-added material in this book to expand your ideas for how Scrum can be applied."
——Scott Duncan，敏捷/Scrum教练兼培训师

"Anyone who has had Scrum training or has been part of a Scrum team will find Essential Scrum to be a great follow-up read. It dives into the details of how to become more agile through implementing Scrum processes, and it explains exactly how to break down complex projects into manageable initiatives (or 'sprints'). Kenny Rubin provides a wealth of relevant case studies on what worked-or what didn't-in a variety of organizations. The simple layout and businesslike graphics make it easy to scan quickly and find specific topics. Any organization that is seeking to evolve from a traditional waterfall approach toward a more agile methodology will find Essential Scrum a definitive guidebook for the journey."
——Julia Frazier，产品经理

"Developing software is hard. Adopting a new way of working while in a project is even harder. This book offers a bypass of many of the pitfalls and will accelerate a team's ability to produce business value and become successful with Scrum. I wish I had this kind of book when I started using Scrum."
——Geir Hedemark，开发经理，Basefarm AS

"I am convinced that Essential Scrum will become the foundation reference for the next generation of Scrum practitioners. Not only is it the most comprehensive introduction to Scrum available today, but it is also extremely well written and easy on the eye with its fantastic new visual Scrum language. If that isn't enough, Kenny shares a range of his valuable personal insights and experiences that we can all certainly learn from."
——Ilan Goldstein，敏捷方案经理，Reed Elsevier，《Scrum捷径》作者

"Scrum is elegantly simple, yet deceptively complex. In Essential Scrum, Kenny Rubin provides us with a step-by-step guide to those complexities while retaining the essential simplicity. Real-world experiences coupled with enlightening illustrations make Scrum come to life. For senior managers and team members alike, this is a must-read book if you are starting or considering whether to implement Scrum in your organization. This will certainly be a book recommended to my students."
——John Hebley, Hebley & Associates

"Kenny unpacks a wealth of wisdom and knowledge in Essential Scrum, providing valuable and comprehensive insights to the practical application of agile/Scrum. Whether you're new to agile or are looking to reach a greater maturity of continuous improvement in your organization, this is a definitive handbook for your toolbox."
——David Luzqui?os，敏捷启动主管，敏捷教练，Betfair

"Kenny Rubin continues to provide clarity and insight into adopting agile in a pragmatic way. In one hand he holds the formal or ideal Scrum definition, and in the other, the pragmatic application of it. He brings the wisdom of his workshops and years of experience to the table for you to read in his latest book. If you are about to start out on your agile adoption journey or are seeking guidance midcourse, grab a copy."
——Cuan Mulligan，独立共创式敏捷教练

"A decade after publication of the first Scrum books, it is time to combine the essential aspects of the Scrum framework with the practical experiences and approaches of the last ten years. Kenny Rubin does so in a satisfying and nondogmatic way. The reader gets a pragmatic look at Scrum and learns when and how to best apply Scrum to achieve business benefits."
——Yves Stalgies博士，IT主管，www.etracker.com

"Adoption of Scrum is most successful when everyone involved-even peripherally-with product development has a good understanding of the fundamentals. Essential Scrum provides an ideal overview of both the big picture and the details in an accessible style. It is sure to become a standard reference."
——Kevin Tureski，Kevin Tureski咨询公司总裁

推荐序-Mike Cohn
推荐序-Ron Jeffries
推荐序-李国彪
前言
致谢
第1 章引言
什么是Scrum？
Scrum 的起源
为什么要用Scrum？
Genomica 取得的成果
Scrum 能给你带来帮助吗？
复杂域
繁杂域
简单域
混乱域
无序
常常被打断的工作
结语
第Ⅰ部分 核心概念
第 2 章 Scrum 框架
概述
Scrum 角色
产品负责人
ScrumMaster
开发团队
Scrum 活动与工件
产品 Backlog
冲刺
制定冲刺计划
目录
冲刺执行
每日例会
完成
冲刺评审
冲刺回顾
结语
第 3 章敏捷原则
概述
可变性和不确定性
积极采用有帮助的可变性
采用迭代和增量开发
通过检查、调整和透明性充分利用可变性
同时减少各种形式的不确定因素
预测与适应
保持选择开放
承认无法一开始就把事情做对
偏好适应性、探索式的方法
用经济合理的方法接受变化
平衡预测性的事前工作和适应性的刚好及时工作之间的关系
经过验证的认知
快速验证重要的假设
利用多个认知循环并行的优势
组织妥善工作流程以获得快速反馈
在制品
批量大小要经济、合理
识别并管理库存以达到良好的流动
考虑延迟成本
进度
根据实时信息来重新制定计划
通过验证工作结果来度量进度
聚焦于以价值为中心的交付
执行
快速前进，但不匆忙
内建质量
采用最小够用的仪式
结语
第 4 章冲刺
概述
时长限定
设定在制品数量限制
强制排列优先顺序
展示进度
避免不必要的完美主义
促进结束
增强可预测性
持续期短
容易制定计划
快速反馈
提高投入产出比
有限的错误
重新焕发活力
频繁的检查点
一致的持续期
节奏感的好处
简化计划过程
所做的变化不允许改变目标
什么是冲刺目标？
共同的承诺
是变更，还是澄清
变更所引起的后果
注重实效
异常终止
完成的定义
什么是完成的定义
完成的定义可以随时间演变
完成的定义与验收标准的比较
完成还是完成-完成
结语
第 5 章需求与用户故事
概述
利用对话
逐步细化
用户故事是什么
卡片
确认
细化程度
好故事的INVEST 原则
独立
可协商
有价值
可估算
大小合适（小）
可测试
非功能性需求
目录
知识获取型故事
收集故事
用户故事编写研讨会
绘制故事地图
结语
第 6 章产品 Backlog
概述
PBI
哪种方法更适合好的产品Backlog 有何特征
详略得当
涌现的
做过估算的
排列好优先顺序的
修整
什么是修整
由谁来修整？
何时修整？
就绪的定义
工作流管理
版本工作流管理
冲刺工作流管理
有哪些产品Backlog，有多少个？
什么是产品？
大型产品--层级式Backlog
多个团队，一个产品Backlog
一个团队，多个产品
结语
第 7 章估算与速率
概述
何时估算，估算什么
产品组合Backlog 条目的估算
产品 Backlog 的估算
任务估算
PBI 估算的概念
团队估算
估算不是承诺
准确相比精确
相对大小估算
PBI 估算单位
故事点
理想天数
规划扑克
估算规模
活动规则
好处
什么是速率？
计算速率范围
预测速率
影响速率
速率的误用
结语
第 8 章技术债
概述
技术债的后果
目录
不知何时爆发
交付时间增长
缺陷数量可观
开发支持成本上升
产品萎缩
可预测度降低
表现欠佳
普遍的挫败感
客户满意度降低
技术债的起因
按期完工的压力
尝试错误地提速
误区：减少测试可以提速
债累债
技术债必须加以管理
管理技术债的增长
使用良好的技术实践
使用强完成标准
正确理解技术债的经济效果
让技术债可见
让技术债在业务层面可见
让技术债在技术层面可见
维护技术债
并非所有技术债都应偿还
行将就木型产品
即扔原型
短命型产品
应用童子军规则（即遇技术债即维护）
增量地偿还技术债
先偿还高利息技术债
边做有客户价值工作边偿还技术债
结语
第Ⅱ部分 Scrum 的角色
第 9 章产品负责人
概述
主要职责
管理经济因素
版本发布层面的经济情况
冲刺级的经济情况
产品 Backlog 的经济因素
参与制定计划
修整产品Backlog
定义验收标准并验证这些标准是否得到满足
与开发团队协作
与利益干系人协作
特征∕技能
领域能力
人际交往能力
决策力
责任心
日常一天
谁应当成为产品负责人？
内部开发
商业开发
外包开发项目
组件开发
目录
产品负责人兼任其他角色
产品负责人团队
产品负责人代理
首席产品负责人
结语
第 10 章 ScrumMaster
概述
主要职责
教练
服务型领导
过程专家
屏蔽干扰（在Scrum 中通常说"保护团队"）
移除障碍
变革推动者
特征/技能
知识渊博
善于提问
有耐心
有协作精神
给予保护的
透明
日常一天
履行角色
谁应该成为ScrumMaster
ScrumMaster 是全职工作吗？
ScrumMaster 兼任其他角色

即将开始开发时，确实需要有一些需求，但并不需要全部需求。如果太多，在需求发生变化时很可能造成库存浪费。但另一方面，如果需求库存不足，又会破坏工作的快速流动，这也是一种浪费。Scrum的目标是合理地平衡适量库存和过多库存之间的关系。
我们还要认识到，需求只是产品开发中的一种库存。在产品开发过程中，很多地方，很多时间都有WIP。这些库存也需要我们积极主动地识别和管理。
关注闲置工作，而非闲置人员
在Scrum中，我们深信闲置工作（idle work）比人员（idle worker）更浪费，经济危害也更大。闲置工作指的是有些工作我们想做却由于其他事情的阻碍而无法做（例如构建或者测试）。这种停顿也许是因为必须等另一个团队完成之后才轮到我们做。又或者我们要做的工作太多而无法同时完成。在这种情况下，一部分工作就会处于停顿状态，得等我们空了才能继续。另一方面，人员空闲，指的是员工有能力做更多工作但当前并没有100%投入。
很多软件开发企业更关注如何消除闲置人员所造成的浪费，而非闲置工作所造成的浪费。例如，传统上认为，如果受聘为测试人员，就希望你把100%的时间都用来测试。如果投入测试的时间少于100%，就造成了浪费（你本来可以做测试，现在却闲着）。为了避免出现这种问题，我就得给你找更多测试工作——也许是把你分配到多个项目中——目的是人尽其用，达到100%的利用率。
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Scrum精髓：敏捷转型指南