亚米精選

[Little Cola's book list] "So, is everything the fault of childhood? 》




The excerpt has not been updated in a long time.

I recently finished reading So Is It All Childhood Fault. 》

This book.

All interested in psychology.

Or friends who are interested in their own personality can read it.

It focuses on the influence of innate and later environment on a person.

If you are not so satisfied with your personality.

How to change that.

And so on.

I believe it will be helpful to read at any stage of life.





























Words, art, love, and fire are just one way to gain access to the world."


How people’s caregivers treat themselves as children is a key factor in the formation of attachment styles in adulthood.< span class="s1">“


"Whether the mother is full of love and whether she can give her child an emotional response in a timely manner means whether the child has the ability to explore the outside world. Strong backing.


Good father and son/The father-daughter relationship will help children get these needs met: to be stimulated and aroused, to be amazed, to go beyond limits, to face danger, to withstand pressure, to be fearless in an unfamiliar environment, and to be independent.< /span>


Father will75% time spent in playful interactions with children, 25% time spent in caregiving interactions 50% of the time50%, mother-child play, and mother-child play More of a cognitive game than a physical game.


Children who grew up in Absence or insufficiency of love will be affected by a series of negative effects, resulting in a great need for fatherly love complex.


We learn from them how to love a person. If a father treats his partner in a loving and trusting way, The relationship between the two parties is close and responsive, then the child will think that he should love and trust someone in the same way, and at the same time, the child will also believe that when he treats each other in this way, he will get the same response from the other party .


It is important to note that while we advocate the involvement of fathers in their children’s lives, involvement is not as important as< span class="s1">“Stay with kids There is no absolute connection between the times. American scholar Maureen·Black >Maureen Black) found that even when the parents were divorced and the father and child did not live in the same household, fathers remained more engaged. More on an emotional level than a physical one.


American Scholar Laura·Padilla-Walker (Laura Padilla-Walker< /span>) research in 2012 found that in families, when fathers use authoritative in the education style, it is conducive to the development of tenacity in children.


A healthy family can have quarrels, misunderstandings, hurt, anger, but these are temporary, not lasting ; everyone in it feels cared for, respected, loved, free to express ideas and emotions, and family members are independent and emotionally connected.


Children are harmed in the family, not necessarily directly by the parent. In addition to the child, family members Conflicts and problems between them can also cause harm to children. For example, a child may not be directly mistreated by his parents, but there is no normal emotional communication between parents, frequent quarrels, and abusive behavior. These will cause harm to the child. Adverse effects.


Fromm says in Escaping Freedom:Man is not an immutable individual determined purely by biological factors, piled up by primitive impulses and desires, nor is he a puppet absolutely manipulated by cultural circumstances.


The formation of our personality is the result of the combined action of congenital and acquired factors. Some congenital factors often affect our personality. It is underestimated and, at the same time, the influence of the earliest relationships and circumstances in our lives, before we form memories, is often overlooked.< /p>


Big Five, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extroversion, openness, and emotional stability, are the basic tendencies most often used to describe personality5< span class="s3"> dimensions.


American Scholar Dan·McAdams (Dan McAdams vividly described in an interview:"A person's personality is like a temperament that is covered by people's life stories.


Mental embryos determine overall and relative trends in personality traits.”< /span>


Kagan also exclaimed:Congenital factors influence personality formation beyond what we can imagine and want to believe.


While most of our childhood memories are long forgotten, these feelings of love and security have long been ingrained in the spirit Above the embryo, it affects our later relationships, including intimacy.


Whether in infancy or other life stages, traumatic experiences (such as abandonment by one parent) , witnessing a violent family struggle, etc.), can have an impact on the personality, even though the individual may not even be aware that those experiences exist due to no memory of the stages. span>


We can still be personality shapers.


You have natural limits, but also natural advantages.


Your spiritual embryo also affects what kind of environment you choose to a certain extent, and realizing this can help us avoid Become a person who blames the outside world and others, and be more 0 to your own environment.


"If you want to learn more about your personality traits that you don't understand, you may consider learning about the first aspects of your life. Experience, this may give you some different inspiration.


Everyone has at least3Self, one is determined by genes, one is under the influence of environment and culture, and the other is defined by the goals and values we pursue in life, and the last one is the most The important, totally own self.


Lawrence, American Psychologist·Steinberg (Laurence Steinberg believes that independence is more than justbehaves out of parental constraints, but in Cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral autonomy.


Steinberg says:The degree of independence of today's young adults at 25years old and their parents21 around the age of 21.


Achieving autonomy is also a process of building self-esteem and self-worth.


Dutch scholar Mark·Noom (Marc Noom conducted a study on the relationship between psychological adaptation and autonomy in adolescents and found that whether it is Attitude, emotional, and behavioral autonomy means higher self-esteem, better social fitness, and less depression.< /p>


"Self-determinism believes that improving one's autonomy can satisfy the individual's psychological sense of achievement to the greatest extent and stimulate people's motivation and achievements.


In life, we can also feel that if we blindly pursue separation from our parents and pursue complete self-determination, we may Instead, it will have the opposite effect. In life, we can also feel that if we blindly pursue separation from our parents and pursue complete self-determination, it may have the opposite effect."


One cannot exist without relationship to another. span>


Everyone experiences some degree of inferiority complex, which is normal and healthy, but an inferiority complex is often unhealthy.


Inferiority and conceit are two sides of the same coin.”< /span>


True strength is not gained by making others feel weak.


In the cartoon "Mary and Max", Max wrote to Mary, he said:"When I was young, I wanted to be anyone but myself. Whether it’s for those who seem to be inferior or those who seem conceited and don’t want to be themselves, It is the most persistent and profound pain. Accepting yourself and reducing your pain may be the lifelong lessons of these people.


We always think that emotions should flow naturally between close people, but in reality, emotions are often A difficult thing. Even with a partner we have known for many years, we often fail to receive his true feelings, or even convey our true feelings to each other.


For many couples, talking about their true feelings is as difficult as speaking a foreign language. American scholar Lynn· Poole (Lynn Pearl said.


Lynn·Pool believes that the reluctance to make emotional connections out of fear of vulnerability is a core barrier to emotional mobility failure.


Introverts don’t like small talk and superficial conversations, they like deep communication. , but it is easy to establish long-term, stable and deep relationships with people.


Neuroscience research has found that the brains of introverts exhibit greater activity in processing visual information. Therefore, introverts The brain absorbs more details of the world, and these can serve as good social fodder.


If you are an easysocial hangoverpeople you may be consideredCan’t play, but someone who knows you will You know, you're just better at providing those deep, meaningful conversations. You may not be the easiest one to blend in with in unfamiliar crowds, but there's a real you behind your silence. So don't be afraid of crowds. You You know, someone will appreciate who you are.


Self-discipline is not simply catering to external standards (eg, long-term interests are better than short-term interests), but always suppressing current Inner impulse. On the contrary, it is an ability to recognize and accept the possible conflicts between inner impulses and external standards, and to adjust and adapt for self-interest. That is to say, self-discipline is the ability of individual consciousness to be affected by Proactive after conflict Choice, not self-repression done subconsciously.


Attention, control of inner impulses, and delayed gratification are all expressions of self-discipline in the face of inner impulses and external temptations .


Yes The belief in free will affects people’s self-discipline. Free will, as human beings, we have the freedom to choose our actions , our behavior is brought about by our own will. That is, people who do not believe in free will do not think that people can control or change their behavior at all, let alone self-discipline."


The point is not what we like to use, but what we thinkWhat is the most important way to achieve your goals. You have to believe in yourself The way you choose at this moment is critical to achieving your goals, so you can exercise self-discipline.


To live means to live with uncertainty.


There will always be new things, new circumstances, and new people. It affects how much risk we are willing to take into our lives. It's also an inevitable part of our process of wanting to get out of the old situation and make some changes. Inability to live with uncertainty means always leaning towards the known, making it harder for you to change and break through. It will make you dungeon and complacent.


"Life is inevitable. No matter how anxious you are, and how many times you search, check and confirm, those uncertainties remain There is. Most of us, we will never know, where10 years from now will be What is it like, 5years later, will I lose my current best friend, and will I stay with the people around me Stay together.


Anxiety is an unbearable emotion, so people will do all kinds of things to escape it without thinking, but only When anxiety occurs, you are willing to observe and analyze what is behind your anxiety, and then it is possible to solve the problem at the root.


Do what I can and accept what cannot be changed span>.



"Passive-accepting people do not maintain their own personal boundaries. They allow others to violate and manipulate them. Others are equal and do notadventures To express and uphold one's own views, afraid of affecting others, but unable to refuse other people's requests, and will do things that they are not willing to do in order to please others.



A self-assured person who understands where he stands, knows his strengths and weaknesses, soTaAble to look at criticism objectively, absorb what is worth learning, not be affected by emotions, but also give criticism objectively, not to people.< /span>


Fleeing is always easier than confronting, but good change often comes with confrontation.< span class="s1">”


People are not as willing to fundamentally change themselves as they think they are, they are only willing to change those things that are not related to their sense of identity. Great trait.


"No one is immutable. Even if you firmly believe that you will not, it will happen over time and experience Change.


Nathan· Hudson's research shows that if you have a very strong desire to change yourself, but only stay at the level of the goal, not to execute and achieve, then it will reduce the happiness of life. Therefore, if you do not What you plan to do, we advise you to dispel the illusion of becoming a better person and accept yourself, and it will be easier to be happy.


If you can’t really do it, first Pretendyou can do it.


When people realize that their goals may no longer be achieved, they are more likely to double their efforts than to give up their original goals. Work hard to make it happen. This may be what scientific research is obsessed withProve it.


To truly realize what regrets you have in the past, and to face these regrets and impossible expectations, you need to be mature; , the process of facing regret itself will help a person become more mature.


Growing up is a process of constantly breaking the routine and meeting the unknown. span>


"When we were children, we thought that when we grew up, we would no longer be vulnerable. But growing up It is a process of accepting vulnerability. Being alive is a kind of vulnerability.

——[American] Madeleine·Engle (Madeleine L'Engle)”< /span>

 


Able to accept that vulnerable people are stronger and more likely to repair themselves in the face of adversity.


The best motivational strategy is probablyCan be driven by results as well as by process”—both with a vision for the future Good expectations for yourself, and fully enjoy the process of hard work.


Whoever you are, you are who you are.”< /span>


We may not be able to findRight people, but definitely stay away from thoseWrong person."


Film Under the Tuscan SunUnder the Tuscan Sun ), there is a sentence: There is no doubt that good things will come. And when it comes late, it is also a kind of surprise.


You and I meet on the sea of the night, you have yours, and I have my direction. You can remember, it’s better You forget, the light that shines on each other at this meeting.





























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亚米精選

【小可乐的书单】《所以,一切都是童年的错吗?》




很久没有更新摘录了。

最近读完了这本《所以一切都是童年的错吗。》

这本书。

所有对心理学感兴趣。

或是对自身人格性格感兴趣的朋友都可以去读。

主要讲述了先天与后来环境对一个人产生的影响。

如果你对自己的性格并不那么满意。

那该如何改变。

等等。

任何一个人生阶段读相信都会很有帮助。





























文字,艺术,爱情和火,都只是获得世界的一种方式而已。


人们儿时的照顾者如何对待自己,是其成年之后依恋类型形成的关键因素。


母亲是否充满爱,能否及时给予孩子情感的回应,都意味着孩子在探索外面的世界时是否拥有坚强的后盾。


良好的父子/父女关系会帮助孩子获得这些需求的满足:被刺激和唤起情绪,感到惊奇,超越极限,勇于面对危险,抗压能力强,在陌生的环境中无所畏惧,敢于独立生存。


父亲会把75%的时间用在和孩子游戏性的互动上,25%的时间用于照料性的互动上;而母亲与孩子照料性的互动和游戏性互动的时间各占50%,母亲与孩子的游戏也更多的是认知游戏,而非肢体游戏。


与父亲存在的家庭相比,总体来说,在父亲参与程度不足的家庭中成长的孩子,如父爱缺失或不足,都会受到一系列负面的影响,造成极度需要父爱的情结。


我们从他们身上学习去爱一个人的方式。如果父亲对待伴侣的方式是满怀爱和彼此信任的,双方的关系是亲密的、有回应的,那么孩子就会认为应该用同样的方式去爱一个人,信任一个人,同时,孩子也会相信自己在这样对待对方的时候,会得到对方相同的回应。


值得注意的是,虽然我们提倡父亲在孩子生活中的参与程度,但参与程度与和孩子待在一起的时间并没有绝对的联系。美国学者莫林·布莱克(Maureen Black)发现,即便是在父母离异,父亲和孩子并不生活在同一个家庭的情况下,父亲仍然可以保持比较好的参与程度。参与程度更多的是情感层面的,而不是物理层面的。


美国学者劳拉·帕迪拉-沃克(Laura Padilla-Walker)在2012年的研究发现,在家庭中,当父亲使用权威型的教育方式时,有利于孩子发展出坚韧不拔的品格。


一个健康的家庭里也会有争吵、误解、伤害、愤怒,但这些都是暂时,而非持续的;身在其中的人都会感到被关注、被尊重、被爱,可以自由地表达想法和情感,家庭成员彼此独立,又有着亲密的情感联系。


孩子在家庭中受到伤害,不一定是父母对孩子造成的直接的伤害。除了孩子之外,家庭成员之间的冲突和问题也会对孩子造成伤害。比如,一个孩子可能没有直接受到自己父母的不当对待,但是父母之间却没有正常的情感交流,经常吵架,存在虐待行为。这些都会对孩子造成不利的影响。


弗洛姆在《逃避自由》一书中说道:人,并非是一个纯粹由生物因素决定的、由原始冲动欲望堆砌的一成不变的个体,也并非绝对由文化环境所操纵的木偶。


我们人格的形成,是由先天与后天因素共同作用的结果。一些先天的因素对我们人格的影响常常被低估,同时,我们还没有形成记忆时的人生最早期的关系和环境所带来的影响,也往往会被我们忽略。


大五人格,即责任心、宜人性、外向性、开放性及情绪稳定性,就是最常被用以描述人格的基本趋势的5个维度。


美国学者丹·麦克亚当斯(Dan McAdams)曾在一次访谈中形象地描绘道:一个人的人格,就像是被人们的种种人生故事包覆着的气质性格。


精神胚胎决定了人格特质的整体与相对趋势。


卡根也曾感叹道:先天因素对于人格形成的影响,超出了我们所能想象和所愿意相信的程度。


尽管大多数幼年记忆早已被我们遗忘,但这些关于爱与安全的感受早就固着在已有的精神胚胎之上,影响着我们之后的人际关系,包括亲密关系。


无论婴儿期,还是其他生命阶段,个体成长过程中所遭受到的创伤经历(如被某一方父母遗弃,目睹剧烈的家庭斗争等),都会对人格造成影响,即便由于对一些阶段没有记忆,个体甚至可能没有意识到那些经历是存在的。


我们仍然可以是自身人格的塑造者。


你一定有天然的极限,但同时也会有天生的优势。


你的精神胚胎一定程度上也影响着你会选择什么样的环境,意识到这一点能帮助我们避免自己变成一味埋怨外界和他人的人,并对自己的环境多一分警醒。


如果你希望更多地了解自己身上不被自己理解的性格特点,你可以考虑去了解自己生命最初的经历,这也许会给你一些不一样的启发。


每个人都至少有3个自我,一个是由基因决定的,一个是在环境与文化影响下的,还有一个是由我们自己所追求的人生目标与价值所定义的,而最后这一个,才是最重要的、完全属于自己的自我


美国心理学家劳伦斯·斯坦伯格(Laurence Steinberg)认为,独立不仅仅在于行为脱离父母的限制,而是在认知、态度和行为上都实现自主。


斯坦伯格说:现在的年轻人在25岁的独立程度,和他们的父辈21岁时差不多。


达到自主的过程,也是建立起自尊和自我价值的过程。


荷兰学者马克·努姆(Marc Noom)针对青春期人群进行了心理适应性与自主权的关系研究,发现无论是态度上、情绪上还是行为上的自主,都意味着更高的自尊、更好的社会适应性和更少的抑郁情绪。


自我决定论认为,提高一个人的自主性能够最大程度上满足个体心理的成就感,激发人的动机和成就。


在生活中,我们也能感受到,如果一味地追求与父母的分离,追求完全的自我决定,可能反而会起到相反的效果。在生活中,我们也能感受到,如果一味地追求与父母的分离,追求完全的自我决定,可能反而会起到相反的效果。


人不可能脱离与他人的关系而存在。


每个人都体验过一定程度的自卑感,这是正常且健康的,但自卑情结往往是不健康的。


自卑和自负是一枚硬币的正反两面。


真正的强大,是不需要通过让别人感到弱小来获得的。


在动画片《玛丽和马克思》中,马克思给玛丽写信,他说道:在我年轻的时候,我曾想变成任何一个人,除了我自己。无论是对于那些看起来就自卑的人,还是那些看起来自负的人来说,不想成为自己,都是一种最持续又深刻的痛楚感。接纳自己,降低自己的痛苦感,可能是这些人一生的功课。


我们总以为在亲密的人之间,情感本应可以很自然地流动,但现实中流露情感往往是一件很难的事。即便是和自己熟悉多年的伴侣在一起,我们往往也无法接收到对方真实的感觉,甚至无法向对方传递出自己真实的感觉。


对于很多伴侣来说,谈论他们真实的感受,都好像在说一门外语那样艰难。美国学者林恩·普尔(Lynn Pearl)说。


林恩·普尔认为,因为害怕脆弱,而不愿意建立情感的联结,是情感流动性失败的核心障碍。


内向者不喜欢寒暄和表面的对话,他们喜欢深度的交流。这使他们虽然可能朋友总量不多,但容易和人建立起长时间的、稳定而深刻的关系。


神经科学研究发现,内向者的大脑在处理视觉信息时表现出了更强的活动。因此,内向者脑中吸收的这个世界的细节更为丰富,而这些都可以作为很好的社交素材。


如果你是一个容易社交宿醉的人,你可能会被认为玩不起来,但懂你的人会知道,其实你只是更善于提供那些深度、有意义的交流而已。在陌生的人群里,你可能不是最容易融入的那个,但你的沉默背后有一个最真实的你。所以不用害怕人群。你知道,一定会有人欣赏这样的你。


自律并不是一味地迎合外在标准(如,长远利益优于短时利益),而始终压抑当下的内在冲动。相反,它是一种承认与接纳内心冲动和外在标准可能存在的冲突,并为自身利益而做出的调节与适应的能力。也就是说,自律是个体意识受到冲突后的主动选择,而不是在潜意识中完成的自我压抑。


专注、对内在冲动的控制以及延迟满足都是人们在面对内在冲动和外在诱惑时的自律表现。


自由意志的信仰影响着人们的自律。自由意志,指的是作为人,我们有行为选择的自由,我们的行为是由自己的意志带来的。也就是说,不相信自由意志的人,根本不认为人可以控制或改变自己的行为,更不用说自律了。


重点不在于我们喜欢用什么方式,而是我们认为什么是达成目标最重要的方式。你要深信你此刻选择的方式,对实现你的目标有至关重要的作用,那你就能做到自律。


活着就意味着要和不确定相处。


总会有新的事、新的环境、新的人出现。它影响着我们愿意冒多大的风险去投入生活。它也是我们想要走出旧的处境,想要做出一些改变的过程中不可避免的部分。无法忍受不确定,意味着始终倾向于选择已知,你会因此更难改变和突破。它会让你画地为牢、故步自封。


人生是无法回避的。无论你有多么焦虑,多少次地寻找、检查和确认,那些不确定都仍然存在着。我们中的大多数人,永远都不可能知道,10年后会生活在哪里,变成什么样,5年后会不会失去现在最好的朋友,以及会不会和现在身边的人一直相守。


焦虑是一种很难承受的情绪,所以人们会不假思索地做出种种行为来从中逃开,但只有当焦虑发生时,你愿意去观察和分析自己的焦虑背后是什么,才有可能从根源上解决这个问题。


做好我能做的,接受不能改变的



被动接受的人不会维护自己的个人边界。他们允许他人侵犯和操纵自己。他们也不认为自己和他人是平等的,不会冒险去表达和坚持自己的观点,害怕影响他人,但无法拒绝别人的请求,会为了取悦他人而做自己并不愿意做的事情。



一个自我坚定的人,能够明白自己的立场,了解自己的长处和短处,因此Ta能够客观地看待批评,吸取值得吸取的部分,不被情绪影响,也能客观地给出批评,对事不对人。


逃跑总是比面对容易,好的改变却往往只能伴随着面对发生。


人们并不像自己想象中那样愿意从根本上改变自己,他们只愿意改变那些和自我身份感关联不大的特质。


没有人是不会改变的。哪怕自己坚定地认为自己不会,也一定会随着时间和经历发生变化。


内森·哈德森的研究表明,如果你拥有非常强烈的改变自己的愿望,但仅仅停留在目标的层面上,而不去执行和实现,那它反而会降低生活幸福感。因此,如果你并不打算做什么,我们劝你打消变成更好的人的幻想,接受自己,会比较容易幸福。


如果你还不能真正做到,先假装自己可以做到。


当人们发现目标可能已经无法实现的时候,比起放弃原有的目标,人们更倾向于付出加倍的努力来企图实现它。这可能就是科学研究对执念的证明吧。


真正意识到自己过去有哪些遗憾,面对这些遗憾和不可能实现的期待,是需要成熟的;同时,面对遗憾这个过程本身也会帮助一个人更加成熟。


成长就是一个不断打破常规遇见未知的过程。


当我们还是孩子的时候,我们曾以为,等我们长大,我们就会不再脆弱。然而长大就是一个接纳脆弱的过程。活着本身就是一种脆弱。

——〔美〕马德琳·英格(Madeleine L'Engle

 


能够接纳脆弱的人在面对困难时反而更坚韧,也更容易修复自身。


最好的动机策略可能是既能够被结果推动,又能够被过程推动”——既怀着对未来更好的自己的期待,也充分享受努力的过程。


无论你是谁,你首先都是你自己。


我们未必能找到对的人,但绝对可以主动远离那些错的人


电影《托斯卡纳艳阳下》(Under the Tuscan Sun)中有一句话:毋庸置疑,好的事情总会到来。而当它来晚时,也不失为一种惊喜。


你我相逢在黑夜的海上,你有你的,我有我的方向。你记得也好,最好你忘掉,在这交会时互放的光亮。