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Jingdong book

决定经典书库017：国富论（全译彩图本）（全新修订版）

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Jingdong book

决定经典书库017：国富论（全译彩图本）（全新修订版）

Name: 决定经典书库017：国富论（全译彩图本）（全新修订版）
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110151241
Price: 34.11 USD
Availability: OutOfStock

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《决定经典书库017：国富论（全译彩图本）（全新修订版）》是影响世界历史进程的10部书之一，影响人类文化进程的100部经典之一，对中国近代社会影响大的经济学译著。《决定经典书库017：国富论（全译彩图本）（全新修订版）》是一部将经济学、政治理论、哲学、历史和经济实践活动奇妙地结合在一起的书，一部由有着高深学问和敏感见识的人写的书。这个人有强大的分析能力，他能对其笔记本中的所有材料进行甄别筛选；这个人还有着非凡的综合能力，能按照新的、引人注目的方式将其重新组合，他对当时的各种学术思想极为敏感。他像后来的卡尔·马克思一样不是与世隔绝的“书斋学者”，他仿佛全身都装着天线，能吸收接触到的一切信息。他在新时代开启之时写作，他不是为图书馆架藏而写作，他的思想不仅对经济学和国家政策的制定产生了深刻的影响，而且直至今天仍影响着人类的整个生活环境。

Author Description

亚当·斯密（1723-1790），著名经济学家，经济学的主要创立者。1723年，亚当·斯密出生于苏格兰法夫郡的魁克卡迪，青年时早就读于格拉斯哥大学，后转入牛津大学。1750年到1764年在格拉斯哥大学担任逻辑学和道德哲学教授。在此期间，亚当·斯密于1759年出版了第一部著作《道德情操论》，并因此确立了他在知识界的地位。此后，于1766年开始着手《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》（简称《国富论》）的写作，1773年基本完稿，后又经3年润色，直至1776年3月出版。

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从最终效果来看，《国富论》也许是迄今为止重要的书，这本书对人类幸福的贡献，超过了所有名垂青史的政治家和立法者做出的贡献的总和。
——【英】巴克勒《文明史》

在亚当·斯密那里，政治经济学已发展为某种整体，它所包括的范围，在一定程度上已经形成。亚当·斯密一次对政治经济学的基本问题进行了系统研究，创立了完整的理论体系，而且把古典政治经济学提高到了一个全新的现代水平。
——【德】卡尔·马克思

Catalogue

总序
编译者语
导读
绪论
第一卷论生产力发展的原因及生产物分配给各阶层人民的顺序
第一章论劳动分工对财富分配和经济发展的影响
论劳动分工
论劳动分工的起源
论劳动分工受市场范围的限制

第二章论货币与商品的价格
论货币的起源及其效用
论商品的价格
论商品价格的组成
论商品的自然价格与市场价格

第三章论劳动工资与资本利润
论劳动工资
论资本利润

第四章论工资和利润随职业性质与资本用途的不同而不同
职业性质产生的不均等
欧洲政策引起的不均等

第五章论地租
论能够持续提供地租的土地生产物
论不能固定提供地租的土地生产物
论两类不同生产物价值比例的变化
改良进程对三种原生产物的不同影响

第二卷论财富的性质及其蓄积和用途
第一章论财富
论财富的划分
论作为社会总财富的一部分或作为维持国民资本的费用的货币

第二章论资本积累与贷出利息
论资本积累及生产性和非生产性劳动
论资财的贷出取息
论资本的各种用途

第三卷论各国财富增长的不同途径
第一章论财富的自然增长与罗马帝国崩溃后的经济状况
论财富的自然增长
论罗马帝国崩溃后农业在欧洲“旧状态”下所受到的阻抑
论罗马帝国崩溃后都市的勃兴与进步

第二章论城市商业对农村改良的贡献
论工商业城市在促进农村改良中的作用
论城市工商化革命

第四卷论政治经济学体系
第一章论重商主义
论重商主义的原理
论限制从外国输入国内能生产的货物
论对于贸易逆差国货物输入的异常限制
对重商主义所作的结论
论重农主义主张的财富来源

第二章论退税制度与奖励金制度
论退税
论奖励金制度
论奖励金制度下的谷物贸易和谷物条例

第三章论通商条约及其对铸币业的影响
论通商条约
论通商条约影响下的铸币业

第四章论殖民地
论开拓新殖民地的动机
论新殖民地繁荣的原因
美洲的发现和东方航线的开辟对欧洲的影响

第五卷论君主或国家的收入
第一章论君主或国家的费用
论国防费用
论司法费用
论公共工程和公共机关费用

第二章论一般收入或公共收入的来源
专属于君主或国家的收入来源
论赋税

第三章论公债
国家公债的源起
公债的发行
公债利息与偿还

Book Abstract

不同行业需要的固定资本和流动资本不相同。例如，商人的资本都是流动资本。
除了店铺和货仓外，他不需要任何机器或工具。而手工业者就必须将部分资本固定在设备上。行业不同，所需的固定资本数额也不相同。一般来说，设备的购价越高，所需的固定资本就越多。因此，裁缝需要的固定资本数额最小，鞋匠需要的相对较高，织工需要的最高。不过，他们的资本大部分还是流动资本，用于支付工资或购买原料。流动资本最后会从产品价格中获取利润。其他行业就需要更多的固定资本。大型铁厂需要巨额资本来配置熔铁炉、锻冶场和截铁场。至于采矿业所需的汲水机和其他设备，通常更加昂贵。
农场主购买农具的资本是固定资本，支付雇工工资的资本是流动资本，购买耕畜的资本是固定资本，饲养耕畜的资本是流动资本。农场主保有农具和耕畜可以获利，支付工人工资和饲养耕畜也可以获利。如果只是为了贩卖耕畜，那么其购买费和饲养费都属于流动资本。农场主可以通过贩卖牲畜而获取利润。如果饲养牛羊只是为了剪毛、挤奶、繁种，那么其购买费就是固定资本，饲养费就是流动资本。保有牛羊或支付其饲养费都可获利，并且其利润来自羊毛、产乳和繁殖上。可见，固定资本和流动资本都能为农场主带来利润。种子的全部价值也是固定资本，但种子并未易主，农场主仍然可以通过种子的繁殖来获利。
社会的全部财富也分为三个部分，各部分都有其独特的功能。
第一部分是消费财富。其特性是不产生利润，因而不是资本。消费者购买的各种商品和住房都属此类。出租房为房东提供收入，对房东而言，具有资本功能。但因房屋自身不能生利，租赁者还通过其他收入来支付房租。对社会而言，房屋不能带来任何收益，因而不是资本。同样，衣服和家具有时虽也能提供收入，但也只对所有者而言才具有资本功能。在化装舞会盛行的国家，有人以出租舞会服装为业，租期一夜；家具商人常按月或年出租家具；殡仪店按天或周租赁丧葬用品；很多人出租带家具的房屋，还要对家具收取租金。但这些靠出租物品获取的收入，最终必定源于其他方面。对个人和社会来说，消费财富中消费得最慢的是投在房屋上的财富。但不管房屋的使用年限有多长，它终归还是消费品。
第二部分是固定资本。其特性是不必流通或易主就能产生利润。固定资本主要包括四项内容：其一，所有能提供便利、节省劳动的机器和工具；其二，所有能产生收益的建筑，如商店、货仓、厂房、农房、畜舍和粮仓等，这类建筑，不仅能为其出租人带来收益，还能成为租借者获利的手段，这些建筑和住房不同，它们是营利的工具；其三，所有用来改良土地的财富，改良后的土地也是固定资产，它和机器一样，可以提供便利、节省劳动，使等量的流动资本产生更大的收益，它比任何机器都持久耐用，却不需要额外的维修费用；其四，社会成员掌握的有用技能，这些技能既是个体自身的财富，又是社会的财富，掌握这些技能，通常要耗费大笔财富，但是，一旦掌握这些技能便可提高工作效率、获取更高利润。
第三部分是流动资本。其特性是只有通过流通或易主才能产生利润。它同样也包括四项内容：一是货币。有了货币，食品、原材料和制成品才能流通并分配到消费者手中。二是保存在屠户、牧民、农民、粮食商和酿酒商等手中的食品。三是保存在耕种者、布商、木材商、木瓦匠等手中的衣服、家具、房屋等的原材料。四是保存在各种制造商或商人手中的各种制成品。铁匠铺、家具店、金店、珠宝店和瓷器店等商铺里，到处都陈列着这种制成品。这些保存在各种商人手中的食品、原材料和制成品以及流通所需的货币，都是流动资本。投资在食物、材料和制成品上的资本，通常很快就能回收，然后转化成固定资本或消费财富。
……

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