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人格心理学:人性的科学探索(第2版)

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一直以来,人格心理学不仅是心理学研究的重要领域,也是普通读者非常感兴趣的领域。近年来,人格心理学已经进入了它的黄金时期,本书的第二版汇聚并及时更新了人格领域内各个方面的研究成果,见证了该学科的繁荣景象。
《人格心理学:人性的科学探索(第2版)》不是围绕传统的人格的宏大理论来组织内容,而是设计了有关人格功能的六个重要知识领域这种框架,以问题为中心展开论述。这种架构给人耳目一新之感,代表着当代人格心理学体系建构的新趋势。这六大知识领域揭示了人格的不同侧面,它们分别是:特性领域(特质、特质分类和跨时间的人格特性),生物学领域(生理、遗传和进化),心理动力领域(心理动力、动机),认知经验领域(认知、情绪和自我),社会和文化领域(社会交互作用、性别和文化),以及调适领域(压力、应对、健康和人格障碍)。本书具有三个主要特点:强调人格的整体性。第二,注重联系性。第三,体系上具有新颖性。
《人格心理学:人性的科学探索(第2版)》既适用于心理学专业本科生、研究生和专家学者,也适合对人格感兴趣的读者拿来轻松阅读。

Author Description

兰迪·拉森(Randy J. Larsen)于1984年在伊利诺伊大学-香槟分校获得人格心理学博士学位。1992年,他被美国心理学会授予人格心理学学术新人杰出科学成就奖,于1987年获得心理健康国家研究院颁发的科学研究发展奖。他是Journal of Personality and Social Psychology和Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin的副主编;还是Journal of Research in Personality、Review of General Psychology和Journal of Personality的编委。拉森是美国国家健康研究院数个科学评审小组的成员。他对于人格心理学的研究得到了心理健康国家研究院、国家科学基金、认知神经科学的McDonnell基金以及Solon Summerfield基金的资助。2000年,他当选为美国中西部心理学会主席。目前,拉森是圣路易斯华盛顿大学的心理学系主任、人类价值与道德系的William R. Stuckenberg教授。他教授人格心理学及其他课程,他与妻子和两个孩子生活在圣路易斯。

戴维·巴斯(David M. Buss)于1981年在伯克利加利福尼亚州大学获得心理学博士学位。他曾就职于哈佛大学和密歇根大学。1996年开始执教于奥斯汀得克萨斯州大学,获得教授资格。巴斯于1988年获得美国心理学会授予的人格心理学学术新人杰出科学成就奖, 1990年被美国心理学会授予G. Stanley Hall奖,2001年获得美国心理学会颁发的杰出科学教授奖。巴斯的著作包括:《欲望的演化:人类的择偶策略》(修订版),该书被译为10种语言;《进化心理学:心理的新科学》(第四版)(Evolutionary Psychology:The New Science of the Mind,Allyn & Bacon,2011),该书获得Robert W. Hamilton图书奖;《危险的激情:为什么嫉妒与爱和性一样是必需的》,该书被译为13种语言。巴斯发表了180余篇(部)科学论文或著作,同时还为《纽约时报》(New York Times)和《泰晤士报高等教育副刊》撰写文章。2003年,他出现在ISI收录的全球范围内引用率很高的心理学家的名单之中,以及心理学导论类教科书中引用率很高的心理学家,排名第27位。他在全美各地及海外讲学,有着一大批跨文化研究的合作伙伴。巴斯特别热爱教书,2001年他获得了得克萨斯州大学校长杰出教学奖。

Comments

《人格心理学:人性的科学探索》的作者兰迪·拉森教授和戴维·巴斯教授都是当今人格心理学界的著名人物,有多年的教学经验,深知教与学的原理。他们编写的这本教科书内容丰富有趣,论述深入浅出。本书将人格心理学分为六大知识领域,不同领域揭示了人格的不同侧面,其有机整合构成人格心理学的知识体系。这六大领域是:特性领域、生物性领域、心理动力领域、认知/经验领域、社会文化领域和调适领域。
如果你不了解人格心理学,本书会使你对该学科发生兴趣;如果你对人格心理学已有兴趣且有所了解,它会使你的知识更加系统深入;如果你已经系统地了解人格心理学,它会为你提供一个新的组织知识的架构,以及富有时代气息的各种生动、丰富的研究成果。
——郭永玉教授华中师范大学心理学院

Catalogue

第1章人格心理学概观
第2章人格评鉴、测量和研究设计
第一编特性领域
第3章特质与特质分类
第4章特质心理学中的理论与测量问题
第5章跨时间的人格特性:稳定性、可变性和一致性
第二编生物学领域
第6章遗传学与人格
第7章人格的生理学取向
第8章人格的进化观
第三编心理动力领域
第9章人格的精神分析取向
第10章精神分析取向:当代的议题
第11章动机与人格
第四编认知/经验领域
第12章人格领域的认知主题
第13章情绪与人格
第14章走近自我
第五编社会与文化领域
第15章人格与社会交往
第16章性、性别与人格
第17章文化与人格
第六编调适领域
第18章压力、应对、调适与健康
第19章人格障碍
第20章总结和展望
Book Abstract

当女性不愿意发生性关系时,男性更可能使用暴力强迫对方(Buss,2003)。但是并非所有的男性都会使用性暴力。最近有研究表明,表现出“男性敌意”的态度(即对女性持傲慢、蔑视的态度)以及在人格特质上缺乏同情心的男性,更可能使用性暴力(Wheeler,George,& Dahl,2002)。另外,自恋的男性更可能表现出对强暴行为的支持,对被强暴者缺乏同情心(Bushman,Bonacci,Dijk & Baumeister,2003)。尽管在性暴力方面存在性别差异,但是性暴力也仅限于部分男性之中,例如自恋者、缺乏同情心和表现出男性敌意的人。
总之,在主要的人格维度上表现出的性别差异或小或大。目前为止,表现出最大性别差异的人格维度是:友善性,女性明显高于男性;攻击性,男性明显高于女性;对随意的性行为的态度,男性得分高于女性。存在中等水平性别差异的人格维度是自信,男性高于女性。性别差异较小的人格维度有信任和焦虑,女性在二者上的分数均略高于男性。男性和女性大致相同的人格维度包括合群性、活动性水平、秩序、冲动性,以及对经验的开放性,即“观念”。这些似乎并不支持某些关于男性和女性的刻板印象,如女性比男性更合群,男性比女性活动性更高、比女性更冲动。人一事维度
另一个人格维度被称为人一事维度(people-things dimension)(Little,1972a,1972b;Lippa,1998)。此维度涉及职业兴趣。得分靠向“事”这一端的个体喜欢从事非人目标(如机器、工具、原材料等)的职业,例如木匠、自动机械师、建筑承包者、工具制造者以及农场主。而那些得分靠向“人”这一端的个体喜欢从事社会性的职业,例如高校教师、社会工作者以及宗教顾问,这些职业涉及到考虑他人的想法、照顾他人或引导他人。
你可以想象,在职业兴趣方面有着很大的性别差异。性别与人一事维度的相关为.56,d值为1.35。这表明男性的得分更接近“事”这一端,女性的分数更接近“人”这一端(Lippa,1998)。
当要求女孩子描述自己时,她们比男孩子更多提到自己与他人的亲密关系。她们更加看重与群体和睦相处的个人特征,例如对他人的敏感性。她们更可能将人际关系视为个体特性的重要部分(Gabriel & Gardner,1999)。
毫不奇怪,这些结论符合我们关于男性和女性的刻板印象,有趣的是这种现象几乎在一个世纪以前就被发现了:“[研究者]发现男性和女性之间最大的差异是:男性对物以及对它们的机制更感兴趣,而女性对人及其之间的情感更感兴趣”(Thorndike,1911,p.31)。
无论这些不同的喜好源于什么,这些喜好对于男性和女性所选择的职业、所爱好的娱乐活动有着重要的影响。男性多以“事”为取向,他们在业余时间更喜欢摆弄器械、木工制作。女性多以“人”为取向,她们更可能与周围的人一起参加周末活动。
……

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