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遗传学(第3版)

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刘祖洞先生的《遗传学》自面世至今,一直是各高校主选的遗传学教材之一。近年来,遗传学领域的研究经历了重大的变革和发展,已经从单一的基出-性状研究向全基因纽水平的系统性研究转变。与此同时,大量的新问题、新观点新方法、新发现、新思路、新视角不断涌现,并催生了一系列新兴的分支学科。在这样的学术背景下,复旦大学组织相关教师进行了读教材的修订工作。第3版的修订主要涉及以下四方面:(1)根据遗传学进展,新增基因组、基因表达与基因表达调控和遗传与个体发育等三章内容,建立了较为科学和完善的现代遗传学知识系,条理清晰,紧跟学科前沿的发展;(2)对部分原有章节进行了知识点的补充和更新,如人类孟德尔遗传疾病类型、决定血型抗原的基因本质、玉米中的转座元件如何诱导籽粒色斑的形成、疾病基因的定位克隆方法等,用更丰富的案例、更清晰的遗传原理巩固对理论知识的学习;(3)删减了部分较为陈旧的内容,如细胞学图的制作、近代的基因概念、重组DNA技术的应用等,并重新绘制了大部分图表;(4)更新了各章的习题,并在配套的数字课程网站上给出了解题辅导。第3版保持了刘祖洞先生一贯的科学严谨,平实朴素的写作风格,通过横向拓展和纵向深入容纳了更多的知识内容和科学问题,增强了其学术前沿性、知识系统性、观点科学性和视角广阔性。
Catalogue

第一章 绪论
第一节 遗传学的历史发展
一、遗传学科发展历史
一、遗传学具有里程碑式的发现
第二节 遗传与变异
第三节 遗传学研究与社会发展的紧密关系

第二章 孟德尔定律
第一节 分离定律
一、显性和隐性
二、分离现象
三、孟德尔假设
四、基因型和表型
五、盂德尔假设的验证
六、配子形成时发生分离的证明
七、分离比实现的条件
第二节 自由组合定律
一、两对性状的自由组合
二、对自由组合的解释
三、两对基因杂种的基因型和表型
四、多基因杂种
五、对培育良种的启示
第三节 遗传学数据的统计处理
一、概率
二、遗传比例的计算
三、二项式展开
四、适合度测验
五、用卡平方来测定适合度
第四节 孟德尔遗传与人类疾病
一、常染色体显性遗传
二、常染色体隐性遗传
三、x连锁显性遗传
四、x连锁隐性遗传
五、人类孟德尔遗传性状和疾病数据库
习题

第三章 遗传的染色体学说
第一节 染色体
第二节 细胞分裂
一、细菌的有丝分裂
二、真核细胞的有丝分裂
三、减数分裂
第三节 染色体周史
一、动物的生活史
一、植物的生活史
二、动、植物生活史的比较
四、真菌类的生活史
第四节 遗传的染色体学说
习题

第四章 孟德尔遗传的拓展
第一节 环境的影响和基因的表型效应
一、环境与基因作用的关系
二、性状的多基因决定
三、基因的多效性
四、表现度和外显率
五、拟表型
第二节 显隐性关系的相对性
一、不完全显性
二、镶嵌显性
三、并显性
四、显隐性可随所依据的标准而更改
五、显性与环境的影响
第三节 致死基冈
第四节 复等位现象
一、瓢虫的鞘翅色斑
二、ABO血型
三、孟买型与H抗原
四、Rh血型与母子间不相容
五、家畜的母子间的血型不相容
六、自交不亲和
第五节 非等位基出间的相互作用
一、互补基因
二、修饰基因
三、上位效应
习题

第五章 遗传的分子基础
第一节 遗传物质是DNA(或RNA)
一、DNA是遗传物质的间接证据
二、DNA是遗传物质的直接证据
第二节 DNA的分子结构与复制
一、两种核酸和它们的分布
二、DNA的化学结构
三、DNA的模型
四、DNA的变性和复性
五、DNA的复制
第三节 基因的本质
一、基因与DNA
二、生化突变型与一个基因一个酶假说
三、人的先天代谢缺陷
四、基因的精细结构
五、近代的基因概念
第四节 重组UNA技术
一、限制性内切酶
二、目的基因的分离和制备
习题

第六章 性别决定与伴性遗传
第一节 性别决定
一、性染色体
二、性别由性染色体差异决定
第二节 伴性遗传
一、果蝇的伴性遗传
二、高等植物的伴性遗传
三、鸡的伴性遗传
第三节 遗传的染色休学说的直接证明
第四节 其他类型的性别决定
一、蜂的性别决定
二、后螠的性别决定
三、高等植物的性别分化
四、环境对性别分化的影响
第五节 人类的性别畸形
一、几种性别畸形
二、基因突变在性别分化上的作用
三、细胞遗传学的研究说明了例外的现象
第六节 基因与性别决定
一、果蝇的性别决定
二、人类的性别决定
习题

第七章 连锁交换与连锁分析
第一节 连锁与交换
一、连锁
二、交换
三、雌雄的连锁不同
四、连锁群
五、三点试验与基因直线排列
六、连锁图
七、重组率与交换率
八、孟德尔研究过的7对基因位于7对不同染色体上吗
第二节 真菌类的连锁分析
一、着丝粒作图
二、粗糙链孢霉的连锁
……

第八章 细菌和噬菌体的重组和连锁
第九章 数量性状遗传
第十章 遗传物质的改变(一)——染色体畸变
第十一章 遗传物质的改变(二)——基因突变
第十二章 重组与修复
第十三章 细胞质和遗传
第十四章 基因组
第十五章 基因表达与基因表达调控
第十六章 遗传与个体发育
第十七章 遗传和进化
参考文献
索引
Book Abstract

第一节 遗传学的历史发展
遗传学是一门诞生古老却又发展持续迅猛的生物学分支学科。早在中国1000年前的宋代,就有了“种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆”、“一母生九子,九子各不同”的遗传与变异的初步概念。与所有的学科一样,遗传学也是在人们的生产实践活动中发展起来的。最初的遗传学开始于人们对经济作物的改良和培育。中国是世界上最早的作物和家畜的起源中心之一,在新石器时代的遗址中就发现了粟、小麦和高梁的种子以致家畜猪、羊、狗等的骨骼化石,说明在5000年至1万年前,人类在猎取和采集动物和植物食物时,在初步满足了一时的需求后,对剩余的动、植物就开始了驯化和培育活动,于是出现了早期的农作物品种和饲养牲畜,并将原始的驯化、栽培逐渐转化为特意的引种、筛选、优化等显现遗传特质的活动。远古时代之后,在人类文明史进程中,人们选育更丰富的经济作物品种,选育更美丽花卉类型,选育更符合需求的牲畜种类,这些人类经济发展和科学进步的必然趋势,有意或无意地催生了遗传学的诞生。例如,玉米、番薯、水稻作物的产生,牡丹、郁金香等花卉的选育,各类品种的金鱼等观赏动物的出现,都足人类推动遗传学发生的有意义活动。但是这些较为粗浅的遗传学认识尚未形成系统独立的遗传学理论。直到300多年前,人类开始有意识地对遗传的奥秘进行探索。
一、遗传学科发展历史
遗传学科的知识萌芽应该追溯到19世纪初,此后,遗传学知识逐渐发展成为一门独立、系统的生物学分支学科。我们在此列举一些遗传学知识发展过程中的代表性研究丁作与成果供读者们了解一二。
……

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