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Jingdong book

审计学

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审计学

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2006年6月1曰,我国施行了新的《中华人民共和国审计法》;2007年1月1日,我国施行了39项新的企业会计准则和48项新的注册会计师执业准则,以及新的企业财务通则,中国的会计、审计执业规范发生了根本性变化,并全面与国际接轨。为了适应上述新变化,组织了宁波大学、南昌大学、上海财经大学、新疆财经学院和上海立信会计学院等高校的多位审计学教师共同编写了这部教材。
《审计学》可作为综合性大学、高等财经院校和高等教育自学考试的审计、会计、财务和工商管理专业的教材,也可作为国家审计机关、会计师事务所和内部审计组织的实务人员职业后续教育的参考书。
Catalogue

第一章 概述
第一节 审计的产生与发展
第二节 审计的概念和职能
第三节 审计的对象和目标
第四节 审计分类
第五节 审计假设

第二章 审计独立性
第一节 审计独立性的涵义
第二节 审计独立性的衡量尺度
第三节 审计独立性的损害因素及控制机制

第三章 审计法律责任
第一节 审计法律责任的涵义及种类
第二节 行政责任
第三节 民事责任
第四节 刑事责任

第四章 审计规范体系
第一节 审计规范体系的特点和内容
第二节 国家审计规范
第三节 民间审计规范
第四节 内部审计规范

第五章 审计程序和审计计划
第一节 审计程序
第二节 审计计划
第三节 审计重要性
第四节 审计风险

第六章 内部控制及其评价
第一节 内部控制的涵义及要素
第二节 内部控制的描述
第三节 内部控制的风险评价
第四节 内部控制的审核报告

第七章 审计技术方法
第一节 审计技术方法的涵义
第二节 审计取证模式
第三节 常规审计方法

第八章 审计抽样
第一节 审计抽样的涵义及种类
第二节 审计抽样与控制测试
第三节 审计抽样与实质性程序
第九章 审计证据和审计工作底稿
第一节 审计证据
第二节 审计工作底稿

第十章 货币资金审计
第一节 货币资金概述
第二节 货币资金的内部控制及测试
第三节 库存现金审计
第四节 银行存款审计
第五节 其他货币资金审计

第十一章 采购与付款循环审计
第一节 采购与付款循环概述
第二节 采购与付款循环的内部控制及测试
第三节 应付账款审计
第四节 应付票据审计
第五节 预付款项审计
第六节 固定资产审计
第七节 在建工程审计
第八节 无形资产审计

第十二章 存货与仓储循环审计
第一节 存货与仓储循环概述
第二节 存货与仓储循环的内部控制及测试
第三节 存货审计
第四节 应付职工薪酬审计

第十三章 筹资与投资循环审计
第一节 筹资与投资循环概述
第二节 筹资与投资循环的内部控制及测试
第三节 借款审计
第四节 所有者权益审计
第五节 投资审计
第六节 相关项目审计

第十四章 销售与收款循环审计
第一节 销售与收款循环概述
第二节 销售与收款循环的内部控制及测试
第三节 主营业务收入审计
第四节 应收账款和坏账准备审计
第五节 相关项目审计

第十五章 审计报告
第一节 审计报告的涵义及种类
第二节 审计报告的内容及格式
第三节 审计报告的意见类型
第四节 特殊目的审计报告
第五节 验资报告
第六节 财务报表的审阅报告
第七节 预测性财务信息的审核报告
第八节 相关服务业务报告
第十六章 国家审计
第一节 国家审计的管理体制
第二节 国家审计的业务类型
第三节 最高审计机关国际组织

第十七章 内部审计
第一节 内部审计的涵义
第二节 内部审计的组织模式
第三节 内部审计的职能
第四节 内部审计师协会

附录一 中华人民共和国审计法
附录二 中华人民共和国注册会计师法
参考文献
Book Abstract

第一章 概述
第一节 审计的产生与发展
一、西方审计的产生与发展
(一)西方国家审计的产生与发展
随着社会经济与权责结构的变化,西方国家审计(或政府审计)经历了一个漫长的发展过程。早在奴隶社会的古罗马、古埃及和古希腊时期,已有官厅审计的记载。审计人员以“听证(audit)”方式,对掌管国家财物和赋税的官员进行审查和考核。在历代封建王朝中,也设有专职的审计机构和人员,对国家的财政收支进行监督。
在资本主义时期,随着经济的发展和资产阶级国家政权组织形式的完善,西方国家审计有了长足的发展。在现代资本主义国家政权中,大多实行立法、司法和行政三权分立的制度,国会或议会为国家最高立法机关,并对政府行使包括财政监督在内的监督权。为了监督政府的财政收支,切实执行财政预算法案,以维护统治阶级的利益,西方许多国家在立法系统下设有专门的最高审计机关,由国会或议会授权,对政府及公营企事业单位的财政、财务收支进行独立的审计监督。例如,美国1921年根据《预算和会计法案》成立的总会计署(2004年7月改名为政府责任署,即Government Accountability Office,简称GAO),就是隶属于国会的一个独立经济监督机构,其审计目标在于支持美国国会履行法定职责,帮助改善业绩,以及保证接受美国人民财产恩惠的联邦政府受托责任的履行。主计审计长由国会提名,经参议院同意,由总统任命。政府责任署与主计审计长置于总统的管辖之外,独立行使审计监督权。
Introduction

现代审计制度产生于受托责任关系,并服务于受托责任关系。自从20世纪80年代中国恢复审计制度以来,我国已经形成了国家审计、民间审计和内部审计“三位一体"的审计治理机制,并为强化受托责任、提高财务报告信息的可靠性,以及改善管理业绩等作出了突出贡献。
2006年6月1日,我国施行了新的《中华人民共和国审计法》;2007年1月1日,我国施行了39项新的企业会计准则和48项新的注册会计师执业准则,以及新的企业财务通则,中国的会计、审计执业规范发生了根本性变化,并全面与国际接轨。为了适应上述新变化,我们组织了宁波大学、南昌大学、上海财经大学、新疆财经学院和上海立信会计学院等高校的多位审计学教师共同编写了这部教材。与以前的审计学教材相比,本教材具有以下特点:
1)结构的合理性。国家审计、民间审计和内部审计分别产生于公共受托责任关系、私人受托责任关系和组织内部受托责任关系,它们在产生与发展、职能目标和报告模式等方面存在重大差异。因此,本教材在结构安排上有针对性地对此作了严格区分,并使之更合理,以消除学生的模糊认识。
2)内容的完整性。审计独立性和审计假设是整个审计理论结构的核心要素,为此,本教材对审计假设和审计独立性单独进行了介绍,并讨论了审计独立性的损害因素及控制机制问题。

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