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Jingdong book

低碳经济政策的就业效应研究

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Books Economy Economic Theory

Jingdong book

低碳经济政策的就业效应研究

Name: 低碳经济政策的就业效应研究
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110026981
Price: 26.30 USD
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Content Description

《低碳经济政策的就业效应研究》的研究目标是对低碳经济政策的就业效应进行理论解析和实证检验。通过数学模型解析低碳经济政策影响就业量及就业结构的路径和结果，得出低碳经济政策就业效应的一般规律性结论；通过对中国实施低碳经济政策就业效应的现象解析和数据解析，得出在中国现阶段低碳经济政策就业效应的特殊结论，为制定低碳就业政策提供可行的建议。

Catalogue

引言
1.1 选题背景与问题的提出
1.1.1 国际背景
1.1.2 国内背景
1.1.3 问题的提出
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 国外研究综述
1.2.2 国内研究综述
1.2.3 研究方法综述
1.2.4 简要评述
1.3 研究目的和意义
1.4 研究主要内容
1.5 研究方法和技术路线
1.5.1 研究方法
1.5.2 技术路线
相关理论基础
2.1 低碳经济理论
2.1.1 低碳经济的内涵
2.1.2 低碳经济理论的形成
2.1.3 实现低碳经济的基本途径
2.1.4 低碳经济政策的实质及手段
2.2 劳动经济理论
2.2.1 就业及其决定因素
2.2.2 失业理论
2.2.3 劳动力流动理论
2.2.4 就业结构理论
低碳经济政策就业效应的理论解析
3.1 微观层面
3.1.1 低碳经济政策对劳动力需求的影响
3.1.2 低碳经济政策对劳动力供给的影响
3.2 中观层面
3.2.1 低碳经济政策对各产业劳动力需求量和
就业结构的影响
3.2.2 低碳技术创新的就业效应
3.3 宏观层面
3.3.1 环境物品供给、经济增长与就业
3.3.2 约束型低碳经济手段对就业的消费需求效应
3.3.3 绿色财政改革的劳动力需求效应
中国低碳经济政策与就业的现状分析
4.1 中国低碳经济政策的制定和实施情况
4.1.1 制定和实施低碳经济政策的环境政策基础
4.1.2 低碳经济政策的法律依据和主要决策
4.1.3 低碳经济政策的主要措施
4.1.4 能源消费和二氧化碳排放的总体特征
4.1.5 低碳经济政策的制约因素
4.2 中国就业政策的制定和实施情况
4.2.1 就业政策的演变
4.2.2 就业政策的主要手段
4.2.3 中国就业的总体形势
4.2.4 就业增长的制约因素
4.3 中国二氧化碳排放与就业的产业分布特征
中国低碳经济政策就业效应的实证分析
低碳就业政策分析
研究结论与展望
参考文献

Book Abstract

《低碳经济政策的就业效应研究》：
从发达国家和发展中国家的经济发展历史来看，工业化过程都伴随着农业劳动力向非农业部门的大规模转移。经济学家们对这一现象进行了大量的研究，并提出了许多著名的理论模型，如配第一克拉克定理，刘易斯一费一拉模型、钱纳里和赛尔昆的多国模型，等等。这些模型基本认为劳动力由传统的农业部门向现代工业部门的转移是一个必然发生的共生现象，从不同角度分析了劳动力转移的诱因、决定因素及特征，对发展中国家的经济发展有一定指导作用。但是，这些理论模型毕竟基本都是以工业化国家为研究对象，有些结论与中国农村剩余劳动力转移的现象不符，并不能完全合理地解释中国农业劳动力转移的诱因及途径。
首先，中国存在劳动力城乡转移的制度性障碍。劳动力转移模型均以劳动力城乡间自由流动为前提，而中国存在劳动力转移的制度性障碍。1952年8月政务院发布了《关于劳动就业问题的决定》，规定国家只负责城市非农业人口在城市的就业安置，不允许农村人口进城寻找职业。1958年1月通过了《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》，标志着严格限制农村人口向城市流动的户口迁移制度形成。市场化改革阶段，农村人口向城市流动日趋频繁，但是，户籍制度的壁垒难以消除，并催生了许多歧视性就业政策和潜规则，农村劳动力进城务工难以享受与城镇户口就业人员同等的就业权力，社会保障问题得不到实质性解决，这不仅打击了农村劳动力进城务工的积极性，还导致进城务工人员因难以转变户籍身份而无法在当地落户，形成“候鸟式”的转移特征，阻碍就业结构的彻底升级。
其次，劳动力转移渠道受阻。刘易斯模型假定农村存在剩余劳动力的同时，城市不存在失业，剩余劳动力向城市部门转移不会受到需求不足的制约。显然，这一假定与中国的实际不符。过去，中国农村剩余劳动力转移的主要渠道是乡镇企业吸纳和进城务工。20世纪80年代乡镇企业对农村剩余劳动力的吸纳能力强劲，1984-1988年转移劳动力平均每年增长率约24%，为农村剩余劳动力的转移做出了突出的贡献。但是，由于乡镇企业自身所存在的各种问题，在80年代末和90年代进入了发展的低潮期，使其劳动吸纳能力受阻，1989年、1990年、1994年和1997年乡镇企业就业人员数呈现负增长。自1998年以来乡镇企业就业人员数稳步增长，但年均增长率仅为4.87%。20世纪90年代初，市场经济体制改革推动东部沿海地区经济快速发展，农村剩余劳动力跨地区进城务工人员数量激增，“民工潮”现象应运而生。随着国企改革的深入，城市就业矛盾日益突出，城市就业压力大，自2002年以来，中国城镇登记失业率一直维持在4.0%以上，为了确保城市人口就业优先，农村剩余劳动力向城市转移的势头受到遏制。
……

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