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动脉粥样硬化疾病的影像诊断

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动脉粥样硬化性疾病是全身性疾病,可累及全身所有大中动脉血管,粥样硬化所致的这些血管的狭窄或闭塞可引起急性冠状动脉事件、卒中和下肢缺血或坏死。随着社会的环境变化和不健康生活方式的盛行,动脉粥样硬化性疾病已经成为临床上最常见的致死和致残原因。然而,动脉粥样硬化性疾病可防可治,早预防、早诊断和早治疗可大幅度降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管事件的发生。
随着科学技术进步,医学影像技术迅速发展,已成为临床诊断疾病的最重要手段。在众多医学影像检测技术中,既有临床十分普及的超声诊断技术,又有不断更新的计算机化断层显像(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)和核医学等高级非侵入性检查,同时还有经导管途径血管造影的侵入性检查,包括数字减影血管造影、选择性冠状动脉造影、血管内超声成像技术和光学相干断层成像技术(OCT)等。面对众多医学影像诊断技术,传统分科方法将不同部位动脉粥样硬化性疾病的诊断和治疗放在不同科室进行,而不同科室之间缺乏沟通,显然不利于整体提高动脉粥样硬化疾病的防治水平。
本书作者第一次在国内组织不同领域动脉粥样硬化疾病影像诊断专家编写了这本参考书,对临床常见动脉粥样硬化性疾病,如颅内动脉、颈动脉、冠状动脉、肾动脉和下肢动脉的动脉粥样硬化性疾病的各种不同影像诊断方法进行了详细介绍和对比,对动脉粥样硬化疾病的影像诊断方法进行了全新的展示。本书编排新颖,内容简明扼要,图文并茂,结合临床实际,易读,易懂。相信本书的出版对于提高广大心血管内科医师、全科医师和基层医师诊治全身动脉粥样硬化性疾病的水平将有所帮助。
Catalogue

第一篇 动脉粥样硬化疾病的发生机制
第1章 动脉粥样硬化疾病的发生机制
第二篇 动脉粥样硬化疾病的影像诊断技术
第2章 动脉粥样硬化疾病的非侵入性影像诊断技术
第3章 动脉粥样硬化疾病的侵入性影像诊断技术
第三篇 颅内动脉粥样硬化疾病的影像诊断
第4章 颅内动脉粥样硬化疾病的超声诊断
第一节 颅内动脉粥样硬化疾病的经颅多普勒超声诊断
第二节 颅内动脉粥样硬化疾病的经颅彩色多普勒超声及超声造影技术
第5章 颅内动脉粥样硬化疾病的cT血管造影诊断
第6章 颅内动脉粥样硬化疾病的磁共振成像诊断
第7章 颅内动脉粥样硬化疾病的数字减影血管造影诊断
第四篇 颈部动脉粥样硬化疾病的影像诊断
第8章 颈部动脉粥样硬化疾病的超声诊断
第一节 颈动脉粥样硬化的超声诊断
第二节 椎动脉粥样硬化的超声诊断
第三节 锁骨下动脉粥样硬化的超声诊断
第9章 颈部动脉粥样硬化疾病的CT诊断
第10章 颈部动脉粥样硬化疾病的磁共振成像诊断
第11章 颈动脉狭窄的数字减影血管造影诊断
第五篇 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的影像诊断
第12章 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的超声心动图诊断
第13章 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的冠状动脉造影术
第14章 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的多层螺旋CT成像检查
第一节 冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像技术
第二节 多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与选择性冠状动脉造影
第三节 多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉钙化
第四节 冠状动脉多层螺旋CT与急性冠状动脉综合征
第五节 多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉血运重建治疗
第六节 多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉变异
第15章 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的血管内超声成像技术
第16章 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的光学相干断层成像技术
第一节 光学相干断层成像的基本技术
第二节 冠状动脉内光学相干断层图像与组织学对照
第三节 冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的光学相干断层图像特征
第四节 冠状动脉支架置入术后光学相干断层图像特征
第五节 光学相干断层成像Lj急性冠状动脉综合征
第17章 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的核医学榆杳

Book Abstract

第1章动脉粥样硬化疾病的发生机制
动脉粥样硬化是一种累及全身大、中型弹性和肌性动脉,由多种因素共同参与的动脉血管的慢性进行性病变,其病理特点是血管内膜损伤、进行性脂质浸润、血管壁慢性炎症、纤维组织增生及血栓形成。动脉粥样硬化的形成机制十分复杂,多年来一直是重要的医学课题,人们对动脉粥样硬化的发病机制进行了大量的研究,并提出了多种发病学说,现简要介绍如下。一、血栓形成学说和血小板学说
血栓形成学说最早由澳大利亚病理学家Rokitansky通过大量尸检资料的汇总于1841年提出,认为动脉粥样硬化病变是血栓形成的结果。1949年Duguid提出血小板可以在内皮细胞表面形成微血栓并机化,释放活性物质导致局部血管内膜增厚而形成斑块,丰富了血栓形成学说,指出血小板在动脉粥样硬化发生过程中起着重要作用。
血栓形成学说认为动脉粥样硬化斑块是由动脉内壁附壁血栓嵌入血管壁后演变而成的。其演变过程大致如下:血管内血栓形成后堵塞管腔,若血栓再通形成新通道,部分循环可恢复;内膜覆盖新通道形成新的管腔,被内膜覆盖的血栓成为血管壁的一部分,随后血栓机化、纤维组织形成,引起内膜增生,被包埋的血栓软化降解释放脂质,形成粥样斑块。附壁血栓可以多处同时或反复出现,故斑块病变呈散在灶状分布。
很多研究已经证明,附壁血栓能够引起动脉管壁纤维蛋白的沉积,Vaknzuela等报告在动脉粥样斑块脂质池中通常能检测到血小板和大量纤维蛋白,而在斑块周围相对正常的动脉部位却只含有大量的纤维蛋白原。人为诱导动物动脉内皮损伤,可见损伤处血小板血栓形成,产生与动脉粥样硬化类似的病变。对动脉粥样硬化动物模型进行显微镜活检发现,血小板能够在内皮细胞无损伤的情况下黏附于动脉血管壁。Masserg等研究显示在载脂蛋白E缺陷小鼠发生动脉粥样硬化之前,血小板即黏附于颈动脉血管内皮组织上。
尽管血栓形成学说得到上述研究支持,但是该学说仍存在很多不能解释的问题。例如,血栓及血小板中崩解的成分和颗粒可以释放一些脂质,但不论是量还是组成成分都还不能充分解释粥样斑块中出现的大量脂质及其构成;迄今为止还没有实验证据能充分证明血栓可直接发展成粥样硬化斑块;静脉内也有血栓形成、机化,但静脉内一般不发生粥样硬化病变等等。因此,动脉粥样硬化发病是一个十分复杂、有多种机制参与的病理过程。
血栓形成学说的提出,拓展了动脉粥样硬化发病机制的研究领域,随着血栓形成学说研究的深入,促进了对血小板的重视,大量有关血小板的研究确立了血小板在动脉粥样硬化发生、发展中的重要地位,业已证明,血小板激活释放的多种生物活性分子在动脉粥样硬化发生的许多环节中发挥作用,例如,血栓烷A2促进血小板聚集和血管收缩;血小板源性生长因子刺激平滑肌细胞增殖,并向内膜内迁移;羟色胺和成纤维细胞生长因子刺激成纤维细胞、平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞增生;血小板激活后可以释放炎症因子,促进白细胞向内膜下迁移,加强血管壁内的炎症反应,促进动脉粥样硬化的发生等等。特别是血小板和受损的内皮细胞的相互作用进一步促进了动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。
……
Introduction

动脉粥样硬化疾病作为慢性非传染性疾病的最重要组成部分,已经成为临床上最常见的致死和致残原因。其主要危险因素如血脂异常、高血压、糖尿病和吸烟等通过不同机制使血管内皮细胞功能紊乱,血液中的脂质侵入动脉壁,单核细胞从血液中迁移至内膜下转化为巨噬细胞,巨噬细胞吞噬了大量脂质后成为泡沫细胞。随着动脉粥样硬化病变进展,血管壁局部平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞及T淋巴细胞聚集,胶原、弹力纤维及蛋白多糖等结缔组织和平滑肌细胞增生,以及脂质积聚、胆固醇结晶和钙化,血管壁出现局部或弥漫性粥样硬化斑块,引起动脉血管弹性减低、血管腔狭窄或闭塞。导致动脉供血区域组织或器官缺血或坏死,引起一系列临床症状和体征。
动脉粥样硬化疾病主要发生在全身大中动脉血管,包括主动脉及其主要分支、颅内动脉、颈动脉、冠状动脉、肾动脉和下肢动脉等。不同部位的动脉粥样硬化斑块程度可能不一样,其临床结果也是不一样的。随着医学影像技术的不断进步,对动脉粥样硬化疾病的临床诊断水平不断提高。当前诊断动脉粥样硬化疾病的影像技术包括超声、计算机化断层显像(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)和核医学等非侵入性检查和经导管途径血管造影的侵人性检查;各种侵入性检查技术又包括数字减影血管造影术、选择性冠状动脉造影术、血管内超声成像技术和光学相干断层成像技术等。由于动脉粥样硬化疾病是全身性疾病,可以发生在全身不同部位的大中动脉,而目前对全身不同部位动脉粥样硬化疾病的诊断和治疗是在不同科室中进行的,不同科室之间缺乏沟通,因而对那些患有多发性动脉粥样硬化疾病的患者而言,如何选择恰当的检查方法,进而选择最佳治疗模式,就显得尤为重要。鉴于目前国内尚无动脉粥样硬化疾病影像诊断的临床专著,作者组织了国内不同领域动脉粥样硬化疾病影像诊断专家编写了本书,分别对颅内动脉、颈动脉、冠状动脉、肾动脉和下肢动脉的动脉粥样硬化疾病的各种不同影像诊断方法进行详细介绍,既包含在临床已经十分普及的超声诊断技术,同时也有64层及64层以上的多层螺旋CT诊断和MRI等先进非侵入性检查技术,还有与经导管途径血管造影侵入性检查相关的高分辨率血管内成像技术如血管内超声成像和光学相干断层成像等。期待本书的出版对不断提高我国动脉粥样硬化疾病的诊治水平能有所帮助。
由于经验不足,作者来自不同领域,本书难免会有不少缺点和不足,敬请医学影像诊断学专家及广大临床医生批评指正。

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欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折

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