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Jingdong book

如何看懂化验单(第2版)

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如何看懂化验单(第2版)

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《如何看懂化验单(第2版)》为您讲解神经、内分泌、血液、心血管、呼吸、消化、泌尿、风湿免疫、电解质等9个方面的化验检查,重点介绍了化验单上检查项目的临床意义和数据分析,为您分析疾病提供了可靠的参考依据。
本书编写的目的是帮助基层医生和关注健康的人们解读化验单,科学地掌握和合理地应用化验单,同时也开阔了人们的视野。例如,一个常见的化验数据如血沉水平增快,不仅可能是结核病或关节炎,还有可能是贫血、癌症和红斑狼疮等自身免疫性疾病。通过化验单,再结合症状和体征,经过进一步的检查,您就可以对疾病做出诊断。
Author Description

刘新民,资深内分泌科医生,曾任沈阳军区总医院普内科主任,首任内分泌科主任,内分泌研究所所长、第四军医大学兼职教授、主任医师,主编专业级科普图书60多部。
Catalogue

第一章 神经系统
一、凝血象
1.D-二聚体(D-Dimer,D-D)
2.纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)
3.血栓前体蛋白(thrombusprecursorprotein,TPP)
4.S100B蛋白
5.内皮素(endothelin,ET)
6.部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)
7.凝血酶时间(TT)
8.血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)
9.国际标准化比值(internationalnormalizedratio,INR)
二、红细胞沉降率(erythrocytesedimentationrate,ESR)血沉
三、血脂
1.甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)
2.胆固醇(cholesterol,CHOL)
3.血清低密度脂蛋白(lowdensitylipoproteincholes-terol,LDL-C)
4.高密度脂蛋白(highdensitylipoproteincholes-terol,HDL-C)
四、肝功能
1.血清载脂蛋白B(apolipoproteinB,ApoB)
2.血清载脂蛋白A1(apolipoproteinA1,ApoA1)
3.血清蛋白C(apolipoproteinC,ApoC)
4.脂蛋白(a)[lipoproteinsa,LP(a)]
5.血清游离脂肪酸(freefattyacid,FFA)
6.天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST,GOT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT,GPT)
五、血小板功能检测
1.血小板聚集功能(plateletaggregationfunction)
2.血小板黏附功能(plateletadhesivenessfunction)
3.血小板活化因子(plateletactivatingfactor,PAF)
4.血栓烷B(thromboxaneB,TXB)
六、脑脊液相关检查
1.脑脊液(CSF)颜色
2.脑脊液压力
3.脑脊液14-3-3蛋白
4.脑脊液Tau蛋白
5.脑脊液蛋白
6.脑脊液细胞计数
7.脑脊液细胞分类
8.脑脊液葡萄糖
9.脑脊液氯化物
10.脑脊液酸碱度测定
11.脑脊液乳酸
12.脑脊液蛋白电泳
13.脑脊液蛋白商
14.脑脊液免疫球蛋白测定
15.脑脊液IgG指数
16.脑脊液寡克隆带(oligoclonalbands,OB)
17.脑脊液髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelinbasicprotein,MBP)
18.脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)
19.脑脊液高香草酸(homovanillicacid,HVA)
20.脑脊液肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)
七、相关抗体检查
1.抗磷脂抗体(anti-phospholipidantibody,APLA)
2.抗心磷脂抗体(anti-cardiolipin,ACA)
3.神经节苷脂1型(GM1)抗体
4.神经节苷脂2型(GM2)抗体
5.抗GD1b和GD1a抗体
6.抗硫脂抗体
7.抗GQ1b抗体
八、肿瘤标志物神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)
第二章 内分泌系统
第一节 垂体功能和激素
一、抗利尿激素(antidiuretichormone,ADH)及试验
1.抗利尿激素测定
2.抗利尿激素负荷试验
2.1禁水试验(waterdeprivationtest)
2.2抗利尿激素试验(antidiuretictest)
2.3口服高渗盐水试验(oralhypertonicsalinetest)
二、腺垂体激素
1.泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)
2.生长激素(growthhormone,GH)
3.促脂激素(lipotropin,lipotropichormone,LPH)、黑素细胞刺激激素(melanocyte-stimulatinghormone,MSH)
三、腺垂体分泌功能试验
1.促甲状腺激素释放激素兴奋试验(TRHstimulatingtest,TRHST)
2.生长激素分泌负荷试验
2.1生长激素过多的功能试验
2.1.1生长激素葡萄糖抑制试验(growthhormoneglucosesuppressintest)
2.1.2血生长激素释放激素(GHRH)测定
2.1.3 促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)刺激生长激素(GH)分泌试验
2.2生长激素缺乏的功能试验
2.2.1胰岛素低血糖兴奋试验
2.2.2 左旋多巴兴奋试验
2.2.3精氨酸兴奋试验
四、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ和Ⅱ(insulin-likeGFⅠ&Ⅱ,IGF-Ⅰ&IGF-Ⅱ)
第二节 甲状腺轴功能和激素
1.甲状腺刺激素
1.1促甲状腺激素(thyrotropinstimulatinghormone,TSH)
1.2TSH分泌负荷试验
1.2.1 TRH兴奋试验
1.2.2 TSH分泌抑制试验(TSHsecretionsuppressiontest)
2.甲状腺激素
2.1甲状腺激素试验组合(thyroidhormoneprofile,THPrf)
2.2总甲状腺素(totalthyroxin,TT4)
2.3总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(totaltriiodothyronine,TT3)
2.4反T3(reversT3,rT3)
2.5游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(freethyrotonine,FT3)、游离甲状腺素(freethyroxin,FT4)
2.6T4新生儿筛查(T4 newbornscreen)
3.甲状腺功能
3.1放射性碘摄取率(radioactiveiodineuptakerate,RIUR)
3.2甲状腺素抑制试验(thyroxinsuppressiontest)
4.甲状腺相关蛋白
4.1甲状腺激素结合球蛋白(thyroxinebindingglobulin,TBG)
4.2甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg)
5.甲状腺自身抗体
5.1甲状腺激素抗体(thyroidhormoneantibodies,THAb)
5.2甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)和甲状腺微粒体抗体(TmAb)
5.3TSH受体抗体(TSHreceptorantibodies,TRAbs)
第三节 肾上腺轴功能和激素
1.促肾上腺皮质激素
1.1促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotrophichormone,ACTH)
1.2ACTH分泌负荷试验
1.2.1 ACTH分泌刺激试验(ACTHsecretionstimulationtest)
1.2.2 ACTH分泌抑制试验(ACTHsecretioninhibitorytest)
2.肾上腺皮质激素
2.1血浆总皮质醇(plasmatotalcortisol,hydrocortisone;PTC)
2.2尿液代谢物化验项目
2.2.1 尿游离皮质醇(urinefreecortisol,UFC)
2.2.2 17-羟皮质类固醇(17-hydroxycorticosteroids,
17-OH-CS)
2.2.3 17-生酮类固醇(17-ketogenicsteroids,17-KGS)
2.2.4 17-酮类固醇(17-ketosteroids,17-KS)
2.3去氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosterone,DHEA)、硫酸去氢表雄酮(dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate,DHEAS)
2.417-羟孕酮(17-hydroxyprogesterone,17-OH-P)
2.5血浆醛固酮(aldosterone,plasma;ALD)
2.6血浆醛固酮激发试验(aldosteronesecretionstimulationtest)
2.7尿醛固酮(aldosterone,urine,ALD)
3.肾上腺髓质激素
3.1血儿茶酚胺(catecholamine,CA)
3.2尿儿茶酚胺
3.3高香草酸(homovanillicacid,HVA)
3.4尿香草扁桃酸(vanillylmandelicacid,VMA)
第四节 性腺轴功能和激素
1.绒毛膜促性腺激素
2.促性腺激素黄体生成激素(luteinizinghormone,LH)、卵泡刺激激素(folliclestimulatinghormone,FSH)
3.性腺激素
3.1雄性激素
3.1.1总睾酮和游离睾酮(totaltestosteroneandfreetestos-terone;TT,FT)
3.1.2 双氢睾酮(DHT)
3.2雌性激素
3.2.1雌酮
3.2.2雌二醇
3.2.3雌三醇
3.2.4雌四醇
3.2.5黄体酮(progesterone)
3.2.6 催乳素
第五节 内分泌细胞和激素
1.胃肠胰激素及胰岛功能
1.1胰岛功能试验
1.1.1 口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oralglucosetolerancetest,OGTT)
1.1.2血浆免疫反应胰岛素(immunoreactiveinsulin,plasma;IRI)
1.1.3胰岛素释放试验(insulinreleasedtest,INS-RT)
1.2胃肠胰激素
1.2.1胃泌素(gastrin,GAS)
1.2.2血管活性肠肽(vasoaetiveintestinalpolypeptide,VIP)
1.2.3胰多肽(panereatiepolypeptide,PP)
2.骨代谢和骨吸收标志物
2.1骨代谢激素
2.1.1甲状旁腺激素(paratiiyroidhormone,parathomone;PTH)
2.1.2降钙素(calcitonin,thyrocalcitonin;CT,TCT)
2.1.3骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)
2.1.4甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(parathyroidhormone-relatedprotein,PTHrp)
2.2骨吸收标记物
2.2.1 吡啶酚交联物(pyridinolinecrosslinks,pyrilinks;PYD)、脱氧吡啶酚交联物(deoxypylidinolinecrosslinks,pyrilinks-D;DPD)
第三章 血液系统
第一节 血常规及血液细胞形态学检查
一、血常规
1.白细胞计数(whitebloodcellcount,WBC)
2.中性粒细胞百分比
3.淋巴细胞百分比
4.单核细胞百分比
5.嗜酸性粒细胞百分比
6.嗜碱性粒细胞百分比
7.中性粒细胞绝对数
8.淋巴细胞绝对数
9.单核细胞绝对数
10.嗜酸性粒细胞绝对数
11.嗜碱性粒细胞绝对数
12.红细胞计数(redbloodcellcount,RBC)
13.血红蛋白测定(hemoglobin,Hb或HGB)

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