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Jingdong book

中国的经济革命：20世纪的乡村工业

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Books Economy China Economy
Jingdong book

中国的经济革命：20世纪的乡村工业

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这个有力的、严谨的研究，揭示了乡村工业和乡村企业家在中国经济奇迹中的角色。顾琳教授将注意力放在华北地区的织布工业区，探索这个工业区内小企业积累资本的方式，探索它们在上个世纪中如何组织企业、如何建立起全国性的市场网络、如何改进品牌形象。跨越“历史”和“当代经济”研究中传统的割裂，作者有力地证明了中国传统经营实践和现代经济增长之间的联系。一个建立在二十几年对历史档案的研究和实地访问、调查基础上的《中国的经济革命》，是第一个基于西方人视角的关于中国小企业的商业史研究。
Comments

经过多年的文献研究和实地调查。顾琳教授对20世纪中国的乡村工业化问题做出了最有说服力的解释。本书通过对商号本身和工业区内经济活动的分析，证明在一个相当长的不同时期里工业增长的变化时密切联系的。任何读了这本书的人都不会再认为工业化主要的一个大变革时期的城市现象。这种城市的现象只不过使得中国经济看起来像那些先进的工业社会。
——王国斌，美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校
顾琳教授的论证是宏大的，但同时又是非常具体的。当一些学者从理论上将中国最近的工业增长和前工业化社会的某些特征联系起来的时候．顾琳教授则提供了一个在跨越20世纪的档案资料和实地调查基础上的实证研究的案例。
——彭慕兰，加利福尼亚大学尔湾分校
Catalogue

译者的话
中文版序
致谢
上篇 工业区和高阳增长模式
找回企业家的声音
第一章 工业区的建立
第一节 袁世凯的促进实业政策
第二节 技术的开端——铁轮织机
第三节 高阳商人和新式织布工业
第四节 招募纺织者
第五节 进口替代
第六节 日本的出口计划和高阳的棉花产业
第七节 织布工业的增长周期
第八节 生存的新策略
第九节 技术革新与复苏
第十节 1930—1933年高阳织布工业的危机
第十一节 复苏和新的繁荣（1934—1937）

第二章 高阳的企业家们
第一节 布线批发商号
第二节 从作坊到小规模工厂生产
第三节 高阳商号和中国商业史的研究

第三章 乡村织户
第一节 生产的组织形式
第二节 新的社会关系：团结和冲突
第三节 保持竞争力

第四章 销售网络
第一节 华北的棉织物市场
第二节 市场扩张
第三节 销售策略

第五章 共有资源
第一节 帝制末期的中国商会组织
第二节 推销高阳模式
第三节 商会和县政府

第六章 战时崩溃
第一节 战争期间的企业家资本
第二节 战争年代的纺织者们
第三节 工业区发展模式的深层思考

第七章 从市场到计划：第二个增长期
第一节 过渡的分期
第二节 新的经营策略——私营和国有企业
第三节 土地改革，作坊资本，染色和整理部门
第四节 向社会主义过渡
第五节 20世纪50年代早期的扩张
第六节 最后的转变
第七节 国家计划与小规模工业模式

下篇 企业家传统
第八章 从计划到市场：第三个增长期
第一节 经济改革政策
第二节 改革和乡村工业的增长
第三节 高阳改革的开端
第四节 发展轨迹
第五节 企业家遗产与第三次增长
第六节 当代高阳工业

第九章 现代企业中创业的精神遗产
第一节 股份合作制企业
第二节 乡村企业融资
第三节 企业增长模式
第四节 招募管理人才
第五节 商业合伙制的稳定性
第六节 劳动管理关系
第七节 企业、乡村和地方政府
第八节 私营企业和乡村
结论
高阳模式与高度社会主义化的传统
改革期间的私营企业与政府
当代中国的工业区模式
参考文献
索引
Book Abstract

大多贫穷的农民居住在三四间很小的土坯房里，房屋容纳着全体家庭成员，而且一到冬季房屋也成为猪、鸡和其他家畜的庇护所。当地县志的25编撰者指出，大多农家的住处都弥漫着难闻的气味，这是拥挤的居住环境造成的。②绝大多数农家赖以生存的食物就是一成不变的稀粥、面条以及用自种的粟或玉米面蒸的馒头。农家从最贫穷的阶层上升到中等水平时，粮食的总消费量上升了，但是食物的品种却只有轻微的改进；中等农家一般比贫农多消费1／3-1／2的粮食，同时可以增加一些蔬菜和糖。肉、鱼和白面馒头只有一些较富有的农家在春节时才能食用。③
20世纪早期，许多农家发现依靠农业难以维持即使是最低的消费水平，他们纷纷寻求替代性的劳动来补充收入。这种情形在华北平原很常见，由此产生了几种副业形式：农业长工和短工、向城市和新开放的东北地区的季节性流动以及广泛传播的手工业。每种形式的副业都为重压下的农户带来了一定的现金收入，从而可以购买粮食和其他生活必需品。
织布工业吸收了大批的乡村剩余劳动力，为成千上万的农户创造了现金收入。20世纪20年代，高阳地区80％一90％的农户都参与了纺织业，农户的收入主要来自纺织，而农业则居于从属地位。织布工业的迅速扩张扭转了河北中部农民外流的普遍趋势，20世纪20年代，高阳地区成为附近各县的农民流动的目的地，男人们都涌入这里寻找就业机会。④
Introduction

这本书最初是用英文，以经济发展的比较研究方法写给对中国经济史以及对当前中国的经济感兴趣的国际读者的。这是由始于30年前的一项关于华北高阳农村小工业的研究衍生出来的，那时中国的经济改革刚刚启动，第一次中美学术交流协议使美国研究人员到中国进行研究成为可能。感谢南开大学经济研究所的同事们，以及高阳的企业家、地方政府官员、工人、小工厂和作坊的工作人员、贸易商等许多个人的热心帮助——使我得以重构上个世纪农村工业发展中的企业角色。正如读者在这个中译本中看到的，这项研究是对中国近代经济史通常强调的中国近代经济发展“本土根源”的挑战，分析的路径是传统产业在20世纪初期创造了一种新的工业区，以及在战后的第一轮增长和过去的30年中如何适当地激发企业发挥传统的优势。在《中国的经济革命》中译本序言中，我想简单介绍一下我的主要论点与讨论农村工业在现代中国经济发展中的角色之间的联系。
我的讨论从农村工业在现代经济增长中的作用开始。一些学者在20世纪30年代就开始对农村工业的作用感兴趣，其中最重要的是南开大学经济研究所的学者方显廷的研究。

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