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Jingdong book

中国旅游发展年度报告书系:中国旅游景区发展报告(2013)

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中国旅游发展年度报告书系:中国旅游景区发展报告(2013)

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在中国做景区管理研究,一方面需要关注产业发展实践和大众舆情的考问,另一方面也需要构建中国特色的景区发展理论和研究范式。本着在服务产业的过程中建构专业理论的学科建设指导思想,我们在近期将重点关注业界和政府对学术界的诉求。在现阶段,我们必须关注老百姓游什么;玩什么;满意不满意;还要研究广大游客最喜欢去也去得起的景区项目有哪些;这些项目是多还是少;品质是高还是低;当景区供给是总量不足还是结构过剩时,需要引入政府的宏观调控和微观监管。总之既要回答景区是什么、谁来消费、谁在投资、如何经营等事关价值判断的问题,又要进行景区供给与旅游市场的总量平衡与结构匹配等定量分析。经过产业所为主的课题组成员的共同努力,首部旅游景区发展的研究报告对以上问题都做了力所能及的回答,构成了本书的主要内容。
Catalogue

导论:当前我国旅游景区业的发展理念和发展思路
一、景区是我国旅游业的核心支撑点
二、发展环境变化要求景区业做出战略调整
三、工作建议

第一章我国景区发展历程和现状
一、景区发展历程
二、A级景区发展现状
三、景区发展存在的问题

第二章游客视角下的景区需求与服务质量评价
一、游客景区需求分析
二、旅游景区服务质量评价

第三章景区经营绩效的景气分析
一、行业绩效评价
二、企业绩效评价
三、企业经营指标评价
四、企业经营指标的区域性差异

第四章景区投资分析
一、投资主体
二、投资模式
三、投资特征
四、投资存在的问题

第五章政策法律推动下的景区管理演变
一、景区运营管理现状
二、当前景区管理政策与法规
三、景区管理演变

第六章景区发展趋势和建议
一、景区发展趋势
二、景区发展建议

Book Abstract

(三)景区不仅满足了旅游的需求,还带动了城乡经济社会的发展
景区业是投资密集型行业,社会投资等全面建设为景区业发展提供了有力保障,景区作为旅游业主要载体的地位越来越凸显。2012年我国旅游景区总投资1673.69亿元,2013年上半年景区投资占旅游总投资的60%以上。景区建设也成为地方社会经济发展的重要内容,持续吸引政府部门和社会资本加大投入建设。在2012年9月的第十六届中国投资贸易洽谈会上,国家旅游局所率旅游展团一举夺得13.8亿美元的合同外资,占洽谈会合同外资总额的26%。截至2013年6月,全国在建旅游项目总数为6216个。今年以来贵州、广西两地政府牵头的旅游投资项目总额超过5万亿元、数量超过1000个。
旅游景区还带动消费需求、产业服务和扩大就业。开辟新的旅游景点,还须新建、扩建旅游饭店,建造道路、车站、码头、机场、会议大厦、博物馆、展览馆等,以及配备相应的给水排水、供电、煤气等市政工程项目,很多地方政府将旅游业和城乡综合开发结合起来。目的地要想发展国际旅游业,还必须发展航空交通,建造机场。截至2012年,全国A级景区总就业人数144.27万人,平均每家A级景区提供就业岗位244个。全国已有5.3万个村庄开展乡村旅游,农家乐超过150万家,休闲农业园区1.8万个,使1500万左右的农民受益。2013年5月,国务院副总理汪洋在河南省栾川县重渡沟景区考察乡村旅游工作,这个原来的贫困村现在90%的农户通过发展旅游经营家庭旅馆,年户均收入已达到18万元。
二、发展环境变化要求景区业做出战略调整
目前旅游景区面临大众旅游发展阶段的新需求、社会资本投资、移动手机和互联网商业模式创新、当地社区居民权益诉求、游客对公共资源权利意识觉醒、旅游法颁布实施等发展环境的变化,以凤凰古城封城收费为代表的景区涨价现象及其引起的广泛争议,更使景区业面临前所未有的复杂局面,承载着前所未有的重负和重任。“春江水暖鸭先知”,中国景区业到了必须回应这些变化和挑战、重新认识景区、重新审视发展理念的时候。
……
Introduction

2009年的第一次学科建设研讨会,我和中国旅游研究院的同事们共同确立了“1+8+X”标志性成果体系的建设目标。自那时起的五年时间里,我们先后完成了出境旅游、入境旅游、国内(区域)旅游和国民休闲等四大市场,饭店、旅行社和旅游集团等三大产业的年度报告和研究报告,以及浙江模式、成都经验、旅游经济预警、游客满意度、重大灾害与旅游恢复重建等若干专题研究报告。摆在大家面前的这部年度报告,是关于旅游景区的专题研究成果,也是五年前所确立的标志性成果体系最后完成的建设项目。
研究旅游景区似乎很容易,发展报告似乎也不难写作。多年以来,我们对旅游业的认识就是从长城、故宫、天坛、兵马俑、黄山、桂林山水等景区开始的。外国人来中国也好,老百姓外出旅游也罢,在相当长时间里就是指向这些景区的。那些新进入旅游领域的投资者,首先想到的也是景区项目。从早期河北野三坡、北京十渡等自然风景区的开发,到西游记、大观园、世界之窗等成功或者不成功的人文类景区的开发,再到周庄、乌镇、宏村、西递等古村古镇的开发,资本对于景区的追逐从来没有停止过。就政府的角度而言,从早期的旅游度假区、风景名胜区、森林公园到A级标准,到全国人大刚刚通过的《旅游法》,旅游景区一直是政府对旅游监管的重点之所在。学术界和教育界也是把旅游景区与旅游饭店、旅行社视为旅游经济三大支柱产业。事实上,无论是政府监管,还是产业投资和经营管理,旅游景区业都有大量案例、数据和信息供学界观察和思考。在这一现实背景下,我们没有理由不关注景区,没有理由不做出优秀的学术成果。
从事景区研究又是困难的,因为我们不得不关注日新月异的产业实践,做出自己的价值判断的同时,还需要从概念、分类、数据等方面进行符合国际学术范式的实证研究。自1999年第一个国庆旅游黄金周以来,在国家意志和政府战略的推动下,以国民消费为主体的大众旅游在初级阶段对旅游景区的需求不断增长。市场规律的作用,加上地方政府与经营者的目标趋同,导致自然景区、人文景区、主题公园类的景区连续涨价,不仅游客,甚至有的当地居民都感叹“玩不起”了。今年凤凰古城的封门收费,更是让景区从旅游产业扩展到成为全社会关注的显话题。围绕“谁是景区的主人”、“该不该收费”、“收费的依据和程序是什么”等问题,利益相关者各说各话,形成不了主流的共识,就是形成,也无法在实践中有效推行。面对现实的追问,理论研究和学术界变得尴尬起来。学者突然发现“什么是景区”这个问题似乎并没有搞明白!与酒店、旅行社等传统业态相比,当我们把理论探求的目光投向世界时,不得不面对景区发展实践样本与景区管理概念体系的双重缺失。从国际范围看,迪斯尼、环球影城、海洋公园、法拉利世界似乎是我们常说的景区,但是它们的公认名称则是“主题公园”。黄石公园、富士山、东非大裂谷、自由女神像、艾菲尔铁塔、教堂等空间和场所,似乎是自然和人文景区,它们却很少收费,或者只收取很少的费用。博物馆、图书馆、美术馆等公益设施,也基本上是免费开放的。纵观国际旅游学术界,很少有成体系的“景区管理”理论。1998年,我在安徽财经大学做景区管理的教学和研究工作,曾经研习过美国国家公园管理体系,还有迪斯尼《销售欢乐》的案例,但是客观地讲,直到今天,关于景区的分类依然困扰着我对旅游景区业的深入研究。在我和研究院的同事们讨论这部报告的逻辑框架和写作内容的过程中,也有过几次推倒重来的痛苦经历。
在中国做景区管理研究,一方面需要关注产业发展实践和大众舆情的考问,另一方面也需要构建中国特色的景区发展理论和研究范式。本着在服务产业的过程中建构专业理论的学科建设指导思想,我们在近期将重点关注业界和政府对学术界的诉求。在现阶段,我们必须关注老百姓游什么;玩什么;满意不满意;还要研究广大游客最喜欢去也去得起的景区项目有哪些;这些项目是多还是少;品质是高还是低;当景区供给是总量不足还是结构过剩时,需要引入政府的宏观调控和微观监管。总之既要回答景区是什么、谁来消费、谁在投资、如何经营等事关价值判断的问题,又要进行景区供给与旅游市场的总量平衡与结构匹配等定量分析。经过产业所为主的课题组成员的共同努力,首部旅游景区发展的研究报告对以上问题都做了力所能及的回答,构成了本书的主要内容。
值此报告出版之际,我愿意与大家分享几点对中国旅游景区的发展实践和理论研究的思考和期待。
我希望同志们能够把景区研究的项目继续做下去,吸引更多的政府机构、投资者和管理者、社区居民和其他利益相关者共同关注旅游景区。在研究的过程中系统地思考关于景区“是什么”、“为什么”以及“怎么办”等事关旅游发展理论的若干关键问题。
我希望景区发展的目标是能让更多国民游有所玩,游有所乐,让老百姓有的玩、玩得起。景区发展理念必须立足于大众旅游需求的基本面。观光旅游是当前和未来相当长一个时期旅游发展的基础需求,而且需求是多元的。大家既需要看自然的、历史的旅游资源,也需要看当代与百姓生活息息相关的休闲资源,特别是面向当代生活和未来科技的主题,比如海洋馆、电影主题公园、泰迪熊博物馆、Hello Kitty博物馆。多元的供给才能够让老百姓有更多的选择,景区的价格才能真正降下来。
我希望景区开发商、经营者和管理者多关注社区居民、当地商家、媒体、NGO等相关群体,要多多倾听他们的声音,关注他们的诉求。只有包容各方利益主体,景区的发展模式才是可持续的。要让公益的归公益,市场的归市场。官不能与商争利,更不能与民争利。有效落实《国务院关于加快发展旅游业的意见》、《国民休闲纲要》、《旅游法》,各级政府要让出更多的利益空间,还国家公园、古村、古镇以及城市公园、历史文化街区等城市休闲空间以其应有的公益性。
我希望对国民逐渐培育对于景区旅游更加从容的心态。旅游不是为了占有,而是体验与分享的过程。天下无处不风景,只要离开惯常环境,到达吸引我们的异地空间,体验自然,分享异地的生活方式,就是在旅游、就是在休闲。广大游客去传统的景区、新型的景区乃至没有景区概念的城市、乡村,在实现旅游权利的同时,别忘了旅游责任。自然、社区居民和游客,是相互关联、彼此依赖的。正如卞之琳的《断章》所言:“你站在桥上看风景,看风景的人在楼上看你。明月装饰了你的窗子,你装饰了别人的梦。”

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2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折
Yami
欣葉
2种选择
欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折

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