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21世纪高等学校计算机教育实用规划教材:C语言程序设计

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《C语言程序设计》正是根据高等学校计算机C语言教学大纲的要求而编写的。内容包括C语言的基础知识和程序设计。书中首先介绍C语言的基本数据类型、运算符及表达式、常量、变量、数组、字符串,然后介绍分支程序、循环程序、函数等基本程序设计技术,并详细地介绍了指针、结构、联合、位操作及文件I/O等高级编程技术和表达技巧。《C语言程序设计》将C语言程序设计中的内容进行巧妙安排,重点、难点及易出错的地方突出介绍,并用大量的例题进行分析说明,每章的后面都附有小结和习题。为便于读者上机实践,《C语言程序设计》还用专门篇幅介绍了如何用CFree3.5和Visual C++ 6.0集成环境编辑、调试和运行C程序。全书内容全面、概念清楚、通俗易懂、循序渐进、重点突出、实用性强。
C语言曾经是国内外广泛使用的计算机程序设计语言,虽然近年来已逐渐被其他语言所代替,但是作为普通高等学校的学生,学习计算机程序设计语言,C语言仍然是很好的选择。
《C语言程序设计》可作为高等学校计算机相关专业的程序设计教材,也可作为高等学校学生和广大计算机爱好者学习掌握C语言的自学教材。
Catalogue

第1章 C语言简介
1.1 C语言的发展史和特点
1.1.1 C语言的发展史
1.1.2 C语言的特点
1.2 C语言程序的基本结构
1.3 C语言程序的编程环境及上机步骤
1.3.1 C-Free3.5 集成开发环境
1.3.2 Visual C++集成开发环境
本章 小结
习题

第2章 基本数据类型及运算
2.1 标识符
2.1.1 关键字
2.1.2 用户定义的标识符
2.2 常量和变量
2.2.1 常量
2.2.2 变量
2.3 运算符和表达式
2.3.1 运算符
2.3.2 表达式
2.4 标准函数和自定义函数
2.4.1 标准函数(库函数)
2.4.2 自定义函数
2.4.3 函数调用
2.5 格式输入函数和格式输出函数
2.5.1 格式输出函数printf
2.5.2 格式输入函数scanf
本章 小结
习题

第3章 语句
3.1 基本语句
3.1.1 表达式语句
3.1.2 空语句
3.1.3 复合语句
3.2 控制语句
3.2.1 if语句
3.2.2 switchcase语句
3.2.3 标号语句与无条件转移语句goto
3.3 循环语句
3.3.1 while循环语句
3.3.2 dowhile循环语句
3.3.3 for循环语句
3.3.4 循环嵌套
3.3.5 break语句和continue语句
3.3.6 综合应用举例
本章 小结
习题

第4章 数组类型
4.1 一维数组
4.1.1 一维数组变量的说明
4.1.2 一维数组元素的引用和一维数组变量的存储
4.1.3 一维数组的应用
4.2 字符数组和字符串
4.2.1 字符数组的定义
4.2.2 字符数组的输入输出
4.2.3 与字符串处理有关的几个函数
4.3 二维数组和多维数组
4.3.1 二维数组变量的说明形式
4.3.2 二维数组变量的存储
4.3.3 二维数组元素的引用
4.3.4 多维数组
4.4 字符串数组
4.5 数组初始化
本章 小结
习题

第5章 指针类型
5.1 指针与指针变量
5.2 指针运算
5.3 指针与数组
5.3.1 一维数组和指针
5.3.2 多维数组的地址及其元素的指针表示方法
5.3.3 指向一维数组的指针变量
5.3.4 指针与字符串
5.3.5 指向指针的指针
5.3.6 指针初始化
本章 小结
习题

第6章 函数
6.1 函数
6.1.1 函数的定义形式
6.1.2 函数调用及函数的返回值
6.1.3 形式参数和实际参数
6.1.4 函数声明
6.2 函数参数
6.2.1 数组作为函数参数
6.2.2 字符串作函数参数
6.3 函数指针(指向函数的指针)
6.4 指针型函数(返回指针值的函数)
6.5 函数的嵌套及递归
6.5.1 函数的嵌套
6.5.2 函数的递归
6.6 命令行参数
6.7 变量的作用域与存储类型
6.7.1 局部变量与全局变量
6.7.2 变量的存储类型
6.8 内部函数与外部函数
6.8.1 内部函数
6.8.2 外部函数
6.9 动态存储分配
6.1 0C语言库函数简介
6.1 0.1 库函数与函数库
6.1 0.2 头文件(*.h)
6.1 0.3 程序连接
本章 小结
习题

第7章 结构体、联合体与枚举
7.1 结构体类型与结构体类型变量
7.2 结构体变量的引用与初始化
7.3 结构体数组
7.4 结构体与指针
7.5 结构体与函数
7.6 结构型函数与结构指针型函数
7.7 用结构体类型数据处理链表
7.7.1 存储空间的动态分配
7.7.2 链表
7.8 联合体
7.9 枚举
本章 小结
习题

第8章 编译预处理与自定义新类型名
8.1 编译预处理
8.1.1 “文件包含”指令
8.1.2 宏定义指令#define和#undef
8.1.3 宏标识符
8.1.4 宏终止指令#undef
8.1.5 条件编译指令
8.1.6 #ifdef、#ifndef指令
8.1.7 应用举例
8.2 使用typedef定义新类型名
8.2.1 定义“标准”类型名
8.2.2 定义“构造”类型名
8.2.3 定义新类型名的一般步骤
8.3 如何运行一个多文件的程序
本章 小结
习题

第9章 输入输出与文件管理
9.1 文件
9.1.1 文件、流的概念
9.1.2 文件类型与标准流式文件
9.1.3 文件的打开/关闭
9.1.4 文件I/O操作
9.1.5 文件的重定位、测试与随机读写
9.1.6 检错与处理
9.2 应用举例
本章 小结
习题

第10章 位操作
10.1 位逻辑运算
10.2 移位操作
10.3 位操作应用举例
10.4 位操作赋值运算
10.5 位段
本章 小结
习题
附录Ⅰ 字符与ASCII码对照表
附录Ⅱ 常用C库函数
参考文献
Book Abstract

通过以上几个例子,可以总结出以下几点。
(1)C语言程序书写自由:C语言程序在书写时是自由的,几个说明项或几个语句可以书写在一行上;一个语句也可以分写在多行上,但是一个词或一个数不可以分两行写,语句中的空格和回车符忽略不计。程序中的语句写成什么格式主要考虑程序的易读和便于程序的维护。
(2)C语言程序的总体结构:一个C程序可由多个源程序文件组成,每个源程序文件可由一个或多个函数组成。在程序的所有函数中必须有一个且只有一个名为main()的函数,称它为主函数。程序的执行总是从main()函数开始,main()可以放在程序的任何位置。程序的开始部分可以根据程序的需要写出以#为首字符的编译预处理行和全程序使用的变量说明,其后是若干函数段(函数),每个段的最前面是函数名,除了主函数名是main之外,其他函数名由程序员自定,每个函数名后一定要有()作为函数的标志,()内可以放函数的形式参数,也可以没有参数,没有参数时()也不能省略。圆括号中每一个形式参数的前面要加上类型说明,最后是用大括号“{}”括起来的函数的主体。
(3)函数的主体:函数的主体也叫函数体。最简单的函数体是空的,即不包含任何语句,执行它什么也不做。一般来说,根据程序功能的需要,函数体内可以由两部分组成:说明部分和可执行部分(语句部分)。说明部分中可以包含多个说明项,用以说明函数中所使用的变量和需调用的其他函数等。语句部分可以包含多个可执行语句。
(4)C语言中每个简单语句、说明及变量定义之后都必须以分号“;”结尾,分号是它们必要的组成部分。并列的标识符或项之间用逗号“,”分隔,两个相邻的关键词之间至少用一个空格相间。
(5)为了使程序具有易读性,还要在程序中设置注释部分,它可以穿插在程序的任何地方。注释的内容写在“/*”和“*/”之间,注释不允许嵌套,程序运行时系统忽略其中的内容。注意,在“/”和“*”之间不要有空格。
Introduction

C语言作为一门理想的结构化的程序设计语言,自1972年诞生以来,随着它自身的不断发展,逐渐被人们认识并广泛地应用于编制各种系统软件和应用软件。由于它具有功能丰富、使用灵活、应用广泛、编写程序效率高及可移植性好等优点,越来越显示出强大的生命力。C语言不但功能丰富,表达能力强,使用灵活方便,易于生成高效的目标代码; 而且兼有高级语言和低级语言的特点,既可用于编写应用程序,又可用来编写直接控制计算机硬件设备的程序,所以C语言是一种非常适合编写系统软件的语言,也是一种较好的面向过程的程序设计语言。近年来,在C语言的基础上又设计出面向对象的程序设计语言:Turbo C++,Borland C++及Visual C++,使这些C语言的延伸又成为了面向对象的程序设计技术的主要工具。
随着计算机应用的日益深化,大量的应用软件也常用C语言编写。C语言已被广大计算机应用人员所使用。在我国C语言也被定为高校计算机专业和其他相关专业的必修课。
本书作为计算机程序设计课程的教材,详细地讲述了C语言的语法、语义,并以大量的例子来讲解C语言的各种成分的用法。
由于C语言涉及的概念比较丰富,语法规则灵活、难学、难记,会给初学者完整掌握C语言带来一定的困难。本书抓住C语言的核心部分、难点部分,分散难点,边学边用,并力求在有关概念介绍时叙述准确、通俗易懂、循序渐进,有助于读者准确、深入理解概念,全面掌握C语言。
全书共分10章,从简单的程序范例讲述C程序的概况到复杂的数据类型,包括数组、指针、结构体、联合体、文件,同时还讲述了设置在C程序编译前的预处理命令。本书主要是为大学计算机和相关专业的学生学习计算机程序设计课程而编写的。当用本书作为计算机水平考试、补习班或各种计算机培训班,包括自学辅导班的教材时,在目录中标有*号的章节可适量少讲或不讲。
本书还配有《C语言程序设计实践教程》一书,读者可以通过阅读该书中大量的实践题目来领会本书中的知识。实践教程中还介绍了Turbo C 、CFree3.5和Visual C++6.0等C语言程序编程环境的使用方法。
参加本书编写的有唐国民、王智群、张起祥、王德力、张建宏等,由于作者水平有限,书中错误和不足之处在所难免,敬请读者批评指正。

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