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Jingdong book

认知心理学（第3版）

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Jingdong book

认知心理学（第3版）

Name: 认知心理学（第3版）
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3101010541
Price: 47.80 USD
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Content Description

学习心理学的本科生对于认知心理学领域的知识有着不同的反应。一些学生认为它们既令人激动又显得非常雅致，几乎涵盖了了解人类心智的所有基本问题。事实上，认知心理学就是提出有关心智是如何运作的问题——我们如何感知他人、事件及各种事物；我们如何记忆以及我们究竟记住了些什么；我们如何在头脑中组织信息；我们如何调集这些信息以及其他心理资源以形成重要的决策。而另外一些学生则认为认知心理学偏重技术性的东西，甚至过于“卖弄”——充斥着远离日常生活的一些现象的复杂模型。我写此书的目的就是想尝试沟通这两个阵营——让后一类学生明白这一领域的内容到底有趣在哪里。我以为在很大程度上问题其实是源于实验室中发生的现象与日常生活的脱节。教科书往往只关注实验室中的研究，而没有向学生展示出它们会带来哪些重要的、具有现实生活意义的结果。我期望学生们读完此书后能够明白，认知心理学家们为什么会如此醉心于他们的研究。

Author Description

凯瑟林M．加洛蒂（Kathleen M．Galotti），威尔斯利学院（Wellesley College）心理学和经济学学士，宾西法尼亚大学（University of Pennsylvania）心理学硕士、博士，计算机和信息科学硕士。卡勒顿学院（Carleton College）心理学和认知科学研究全职教授。目前她还担任由她在1989年帮助确立的研究项目——一项关于认知研究的跨学科项目的领导工作。她也是前任心理学系的系主任。她教授的课程包括心理学导论、统计、认知心理学和发展心理学。加洛蒂博士主持或共同主持了十几项关于认知心理学和发展心理学的研究。她的研究着重于从学前期到成人的推理和决策制定技能的发展、青少年和成人制定未来计划的方式、确定重要的人生承诺，以及学习新资讯等领域。已先后从国家科学基金（National Science Foundation）、斯宾塞基金（SpencerFoundation）和国家健康协会（National Institutes of Health）获得科研基金资助。她最近出版的一本著作是《做出重要的决定：人们是如何面对重大的生活抉择的》（MakingDecisions That Matter：HOW People Face Important Life Choices，Erlbaum，2002）。
加洛蒂博士是两个孩子——蒂姆塞（Timothy）和金伯林（Kimberlynn）——的母亲，她会花大量的时间和孩子们一起分享他们年轻的热情和活力。在业余时间里，她还喜欢养博纳斯山地狗，并训练它们，让它们参加许可的训狗比赛，并且还是美国肯奈尔俱乐部（American Kennel Club）认证的训狗裁判。

Catalogue

目录
“译丛”总序
译者序
前言
作者简介
第一部分总论
第一章认知心理学：历史、方法和研究
范式
认知研究简史
结构主义
机能主义
行为主义
格式塔心理学
发生认识论
个体差异研究
认知革命
认知研究的当前趋向
一般要点
认知心理学的研究方法
自然观察法
内省法
控制观察和临床访谈
实验和准实验
对神经基础的研究
认知心理学的研究范式
信息加工的方法
联结主义的方法
进化论的方法
生态学的方法
一般要点
概要
复习题
关键术语

第二部分基本加工过程
第二章物体知觉和模式识别
格式塔学派对知觉的看法
自下而上的加工过程
模板匹配
特征分析
原型匹配
自上而下的加工过程
知觉学习
变化盲区
字词优势效应
字词知觉的联结主义模型
神经心理学视野下的字词知觉
直接知觉
知觉损伤：视觉性失认
概要
复习题
关键术语

第三章注意
选择性注意
过滤器理论
衰减理论
后期选择理论
多样式理论
注意、容量和心理努力
图式理论
有关注意的神经心理研究
视觉注意的网络
事件相关电位和选择性注意
自动性和实践效用
斯特鲁普任务
自动加工和注意(控制)加工
特征综合理论
注意捕捉
分散注意
双重任务的执行
自动化的注意假说
心理不应期(PRP)
实验室以外的分散注意：驾车时移动电话
的使用
概要
复习题
关键术语

第四章形成和使用新的记忆痕迹
记忆的隐喻
感觉记忆
图像记忆
声像记忆
短时记忆
记忆容量
编码
保持时间和遗忘
信息的提取
工作记忆
执行的运行
记忆过程的神经学研究
概要
复习题
关键术语

第五章从长时记忆中提取记忆
对长时记忆的传统看法
容量
编码
保持时间
遗忘
信息提取
加工水平理论
记忆的再建构特性
自传体记忆
闪光灯记忆
目击者记忆
被恢复的／错误记忆之争
遗忘症
顺行性遗忘症
逆行性遗忘症
概要
复习题
关键术语

第三部分知识的表征和组织
第四部分信息的使用和操作
第五部分认知的个体和情景差异
附录

Book Abstract

第一章认知心理学：历史、方法和研究范式
书是关于认知心理学的：即关于人们是如何获得、储存、转换、运用以及沟通信息的心理学的分支(Neisser，1967)。也可以这么说，认知心理学涉及的是关于我们心理生活的内容：当我们进行知觉、注意、回忆、思考、分类、推理、决策等心理活动时，头脑内部究竟发生了些什么。为了对认知心理学有一个更好的感性认识，让我们一起领略一些认知活动的例子。
你正行走在一条漆黑而又不熟悉的街道上。天下着雨，雾蒙蒙的，你觉得身上挺呤，而且有点担心会发生些什么事。当你穿过一条小巷时，眼角瞥到有什么东西一晃。于是你回头朝小巷进来的地方看去，发现有一个黑影正逐渐向你靠近。随着黑影越来越接近，你可以看得越来越清楚，你突然意识到原来它是…在这一颇具情节剧色彩的例子中，经历了哪些认知过程呢?总的来说，这一例子反映的是信息最初的获得与加工过程。具体而言，这些认知过程包括注意，从心理上关注一些刺激(神秘的影子)；知觉，解释感觉信息以形成有意义的资讯；模式识别，将一种刺激划归某一已知的类型当中；在认出影子是某一熟悉事物的过程中，毫无疑问的会用到记忆，即认知的信息存储和提取过程。所有的这些加工进程都发生得非常迅速，也许就在几秒钟或更短的时间里完成。这个例子中大多数认知加工显然都是自动化的而无须付诸努力，我们通常理所当然地就会这么做。
以下是另一则例子：
你置身于一个拥挤的公共场所，如假日里的商品大卖场。人群熙熙攘攘，你是又热又乏。你走向附近的一条长凳，打算和其他看热闹的一起休息片刻。正当你走过去的时候，一位年龄与你相仿的女士和你撞了一下。你们双方连忙彼此打招呼(“噢，抱歉!”“对不起”)，互相对视了一眼，她立刻惊诧道，“噢，是你!你好吗?我从未想过会在这里碰到熟人，你能相信吗?”

Introduction

在学习认知心理学之前，有必要对这门学科在整个心理学体系中所处的位置进行一番梳理和澄清。稍有了解的人都知道，现代心理学自19世纪下半叶正式建立以来，在究竟以什么作为研究的对象的问题上，其实经历了一系列的变化和反复。这一看似不言自明的问题之所以不像想象的那么简单，是因为答案背后其实反映的是当时的科学发展水平、科学阵营内普遍采用的方法论乃至包括整个社会发展的需要在内的全部时代精神。
人类从来也没有停止过对自我心灵秘密的思考与探求。无论是将心灵看作独立于外界物理世界的一种截然不同的力量，还是隶属于物质世界的一部分，都暂时还未了解，我们都对其充满好奇和敬畏。因为她永远是我们喜悦、恐惧、哀伤与睿智的源泉，无形地左右着我们每个个体和整个人类的行为和发展历程。当祖先们可以暂时摆脱饥饿、抵御寒冷和野兽的侵袭时，一定无数次地望着远方的地平线或对着篝火出神：为什么我们的心底可以滋生出各种情感？为什么不在眼前的事物可以浮现在眼前？是一种神奇的力量将之注入的吗？在人类对自然包括自身的知识极其有限的那段漫长的历史时期，将心灵的现象归因为神灵并因此派生和发展出各式各样的宗教，就是顺理成章的事了。

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