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Jingdong book

中等职业教育国家规划教材：国际贸易基础知识（第3版）

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Jingdong book

中等职业教育国家规划教材：国际贸易基础知识（第3版）

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Content Description

《中等职业教育国家规划教材：国际贸易基础知识（第3版）》全面贯彻素质教育思想，从社会发展对高素质劳动者和中初级专门人才需要的实际出发，注重对学生的创新精神和实践能力的培养。《中等职业教育国家规划教材：国际贸易基础知识（第3版）》在理论体系、组织结构和阐述方法等方面均作了一些新的尝试。《中等职业教育国家规划教材：国际贸易基础知识（第3版）》实行一纲多本，努力为教材选用提供比较和选择，满足不同学制、不同专业和不同办学条件的教学需要。
Author Description

袁永友，武汉纺织大学教授、外经贸研究所所长、中国国际贸易学会理事、全国外经贸职业教育教学指导委员会专业委员、中国服务贸易协会专家委员会委员，从事国际贸易理论与实务教学及研究30余年，主编《国际贸易基础知识》一书获全国第六届大学出版社优秀畅销书一等奖。
Catalogue

基础知识篇
第一章 导论
第一节 国际贸易基础知识课的任务和学习方法
第二节 国际贸易的基本概念及分类
第三节 国际贸易与国内贸易的异同
复习与思考
第二章 国际贸易的产生与发展
第一节 对外贸易产生的前提和条件
第二节 资本主义生产方式以前的对外贸易
第三节 资本主义生产方式下的国际贸易
第四节 中国对外贸易的发展
第五节 国际贸易的基本作用
复习与思考
第三章 国际贸易政策与措施
第一节 自由贸易政策与保护贸易政策
第二节 关税方面的措施
第三节 非关税方面的措施
第四节 促进和管理出口的措施
第五节 我国对外贸易管理
复习与思考
第四章 国际贸易组织
第一节 世界性贸易组织
第二节 区域性贸易组织
第三节 我国与国际贸易组织
复习与思考
第五章 国际贸易发展趋势
第一节 国际货物贸易发展趋势
第二节 国际服务贸易发展趋势
第三节 经济全球化及区域贸易集团化趋势
第四节 我国对外贸易发展战略及调整
复习与思考

选修知识篇
第六章 国际市场与价格
第一节 国际市场概述
第二节 国际市场价格
复习与思考
第七章 国际贸易条约与协定
第一节 国际贸易条约与协定概述
第二节 国际贸易条约与协定的种类
第三节 中国对外签订的贸易条约与协定
复习与思考
第八章 国际贸易与国际资本移动
第一节 对外直接投资与对外间接投资
第二节 跨国公司与国际贸易
第三节 我国利用外资的方式、作用和对外投资
复习与思考

附录 正文问题、复习与思考参考答案
主要参考网站及书目
Book Abstract

三、跨国公司的竞争特点与战略
（一）全球整体化战略
全球整体化战略是指跨国公司在全球范围内建立一个有效的管理网络，协调公司整个生产、市场营销、研究开发和金融投资等活动。采用全球整体化战略的跨国公司在各功能领域，如在生产、行销、技术开发、融资和政府关系方面等，必须发展相配套的策略。首先，生产网络全球性配置是根据各国经济效率和市场状况而确定的，而不只是基于国家之间的自然差异。比如IBM公司之所以在我国台湾地区生产零配件，在印度开发软件，在美国硅谷设计研究，就是根据我国台湾地区、印度和美国的生产效率和市场状况而定的。其次，就新产品的研究开发地区而言，全球竞争者应当把技术研究开发中心设置在最靠近市场的地区，以便及时、动态地与市场交换产品信息。以复印机为例，Xerox公司把研究小型复印机的机构设在日本，中型机的机构设在欧洲，大型机的机构设在美国。因为这三个不同的复印机市场具有相应的最合适的需求水平和层次。
（二）区域适应性战略
区域适应性战略是指跨国公司不仅在生产能力配置、产品组合、原材料供应、销售渠道等方面采取区域自治的形式，而且在公司的组织结构、人事管理、资金管理和产品开发等方面也采取区域分治。采用此战略的跨国公司一般分布在食品、纺织、通讯、印刷、原材料和服务等领域。全球市场需求水平和层次的差异性，产品包装、技术和卫生标准和用户条件的不同，以及各国政府法令、管理条例和社会经济文化的差异，决定了跨国公司要重视地区之间、国与国之间和市场与市场之间的差异，采取分而治之的战略。
（三）弹性的生产方式
弹性的生产方式在不失去大规模批量生产经济规模效益的情况下，弹性地对产品设计、包装或性能进行调整，以适应不同市场的需要。比如，日本的家用电器制造公司大多采取自动化的灵活的生产制造过程。工厂一方面能够大批量、高标准、高质量地生产产品核心部分，另一方面又能够根据用户不同的要求，在包装、外形等方面作适当调整。
……

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