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Jingdong book

计算机组成:结构化方法(原书第6版)

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本书采用结构化方法来介绍计算机系统,书的内容完全建立在“计算机是由层次结构组成的,每层完成规定的功能”这一概念之上。作者对本版进行了彻底的更新,以反映当今最重要的计算机技术以及计算机组成和体系结构方面的最新进展。书中详细讨论了数字逻辑层、微体系结构层、指令系统层、操作系统层和汇编语言层,并涵盖了并行体系结构的内容,而且每一章结尾都配有丰富的习题。本书适合作为计算机专业本科生计算机组成与结构课程的教材或参考书,也可供相关领域技术人员参考。
Catalogue

Structured Computer Organization, Sixth Edition
出版者的话
译者序
前言
第1章概述 1
1.1结构化计算机组成 1
1.1.1语言、层次和虚拟机 1
1.1.2现代多层次计算机 3
1.1.3多层次计算机的演化 5
1.2计算机体系结构的里程碑 8
1.2.1第零代——机械计算机(1642—1945) 8
1.2.2第一代——电子管计算机(1945—1955) 10
1.2.3第二代——晶体管计算机(1955—1965) 12
1.2.4第三代——集成电路计算机(1965—1980) 14
1.2.5第四代——超大规模集成电路计算机(1980年至今) 15
1.2.6第五代——低功耗和无所不在的计算机 17
1.3计算机家族 18
1.3.1技术和经济推动 18
1.3.2计算机扫视 20
1.3.3一次性计算机 21
1.3.4微型控制器 22
1.3.5移动计算机和游戏计算机 23
1.3.6个人计算机 24
1.3.7服务器 25
1.3.8大型主机 26
1.4系列计算机举例 26
1.4.1x86体系结构简介 27
1.4.2ARM体系结构简介 31
1.4.3AVR体系结构简介 32
1.5公制计量单位 33
1.6本书概览 34
习题 35
第2章计算机系统组成 38
2.1处理器 38
2.1.1CPU组成 39
2.1.2指令执行 40
2.1.3RISC和CISC 42
2.1.4现代计算机设计原则 43
2.1.5指令级并行 44
2.1.6处理器级并行 47
2.2主存储器 50
2.2.1存储位 50
2.2.2内存编址 51
2.2.3字节顺序 52
2.2.4纠错码 53
2.2.5高速缓存 56
2.2.6内存封装及其类型 58
2.3辅助存储器 59
2.3.1层次存储结构 59
2.3.2磁盘 60
2.3.3IDE盘 62
2.3.4SCSI盘 63
2.3.5RAID盘 64
2.3.6固盘 67
2.3.7只读光盘 68
2.3.8可刻光盘 71
2.3.9可擦写光盘 73
2.3.10DVD 73
2.3.11Blu-Ray 74
2.4输入/输出设备 75
2.4.1总线 75
2.4.2终端 78
2.4.3鼠标 81
2.4.4游戏控制器 83
2.4.5打印机 84
2.4.6电信设备 88
2.4.7数码相机 94
2.4.8字符编码 95
2.5小结 99
习题 99
第3章数字逻辑层 103
3.1门和布尔代数 103
3.1.1门 103
3.1.2布尔代数 105
3.1.3布尔函数的实现 107
3.1.4等价电路 108
3.2基本数字逻辑电路 110
3.2.1集成电路 111
3.2.2组合逻辑电路 111
3.2.3算术电路 114
3.2.4时钟 118
3.3内存 119
3.3.1锁存器 119
3.3.2触发器 121
3.3.3寄存器 122
3.3.4内存组成 123
3.3.5内存芯片 125
3.3.6RAM和ROM 128
3.4CPU芯片和总线 130
3.4.1CPU芯片 130
3.4.2计算机总线 132
3.4.3总线宽度 134
3.4.4总线时钟 135
3.4.5总线仲裁 138
3.4.6总线操作 141
3.5CPU芯片举例 143
3.5.1Intel Core i7 143
3.5.2德州仪器的OMAP4430片上系统 147
3.5.3Atmel的ATmega168微控制器 150
3.6总线举例 152
3.6.1PCI总线 152
3.6.2PCI Express 159
3.6.3通用串行总线USB 162
3.7接口电路 165
3.7.1输入/输出接口 165
3.7.2地址译码 166
3.8小结 169
习题 169
第4章微体系结构层 173
4.1微体系结构举例 173
4.1.1数据通路 174
4.1.2微指令 178
4.1.3微指令控制:Mic-1 180
4.2指令系统举例:IJVM 183
4.2.1栈 183
4.2.2IJVM内存模型 185
4.2.3IJVM指令集 186
4.2.4将Java编译为IJVM 189
4.3实现举例 190
4.3.1微指令和符号 190
4.3.2用Mic-1实现IJVM 193
4.4微体系结构层设计 201
4.4.1速度与价格 202
4.4.2缩短指令执行路径长度 203
4.4.3带预取的设计:Mic-2 208
4.4.4流水线设计:Mic-3 211
4.4.5七段流水线设计:Mic-4 215
4.5提高性能 217
4.5.1高速缓存 218
4.5.2分支预测 222
4.5.3乱序执行和寄存器重命名 226
4.5.4推测执行 230
4.6微体系结构层举例 232
4.6.1Core i7 CPU的微体系结构 232
4.6.2OMAP4430 CPU的微体系结构 236
4.6.3ATmega168微控制器的微体系结构 240
4.7Core i7、OMAP4430和ATmega168三种CPU的比较 241
4.8小结 242
习题 243
第5章指令系统层 246
5.1指令系统层概述 247
5.1.1指令系统层的性质 247
5.1.2存储模式 249
5.1.3寄存器 250
5.1.4指令 251
5.1.5Core i7指令系统层概述 251
5.1.6OMAP4430 ARM指令系统层概述 253
5.1.7ATmega168 AVR指令系统层概述 255
5.2数据类型 256
5.2.1数值数据类型 257
5.2.2非数值数据类型 257
5.2.3Core i7的数据类型 258
5.2.4OMAP4430 ARM CPU的数据类型 258
5.2.5ATmega168 AVR CPU的数据类型 259
5.3指令格式 259
5.3.1指令格式设计准则 260
5.3.2扩展操作码 261
5.3.3Core i7指令格式 263
5.3.4OMAP4430 ARM CPU指令格式 264
5.3.5ATmega168 AVR指令格式 266
5.4寻址 267
5.4.1寻址方式 267
5.4.2立即寻址 267
5.4.3直接寻址 267
5.4.4寄存器寻址 267
5.4.5寄存器间接寻址 267
5.4.6变址寻址 269
5.4.7基址变址寻址 270
5.4.8栈寻址 270
5.4.9转移指令的寻址方式 272
5.4.10操作码和寻址方式的关系 273
5.4.11Core i7的寻址方式 274
5.4.12OMAP4430 ARM CPU的寻址方式 276
5.4.13ATmega168 AVR的寻址方式 276
5.4.14寻址方式讨论 276
5.5指令类型 277
5.5.1数据移动指令 277
5.5.2双操作数指令 278
5.5.3单操作数指令 279
5.5.4比较和条件转移指令 280
5.5.5过程调用指令 281
5.5.6循环控制指令 282
5.5.7输入/输出指令 283
5.5.8Core i7指令系统 285
5.5.9OMAP4430 ARM CPU指令系统 287
5.5.10ATmega168 AVR指令系统 289
5.5.11指令集比较 291
5.6控制流 291
5.6.1顺序控制流和转移 291
5.6.2过程 292
5.6.3协同过程 295
5.6.4陷阱 297
5.6.5中断 297
5.7详细举例:汉诺塔 300
5.7.1Core i7汇编语言实现的汉诺塔 300
5.7.2OMAP4430 ARM汇编语言实现的汉诺塔 302
5.8IA-64体系结构和Itanium 2 303
5.8.1IA-32的问题 303
5.8.2IA-64模型:显式并行指令计算 304
5.8.3减少内存访问 305
5.8.4指令调度 305
5.8.5减少条件转移:判定 307
5.8.6推测加载 308
5.9小结 309
习题 310
第6章操作系统层 314
6.1虚拟内存 314
6.1.1内存分页 315
6.1.2内存分页的实现 316
6.1.3请求调页和工作集模型 319
6.1.4页置换策略 320
6.1.5页大小和碎片 321
6.1.6分段 322
6.1.7分段的实现 324
6.1.8Core i7的虚拟内存 326
6.1.9OMAP4430 ARM CPU的虚拟内存 329
6.1.10虚拟内存和高速缓存 331
6.2硬件虚拟化 331
6.3操作系统层I/O指令 333
6.3.1文件 333
6.3.2操作系统层I/O指令的实现 335
6.3.3目录管理指令 337
6.4用于并行处理的操作系统层指令 338
6.4.1进程创建 339
6.4.2竞争条件 339
6.4.3使用信号量的进程同步 342
6.5操作系统实例 345
6.5.1简介 345
6.5.2虚拟内存实例 350
6.5.3操作系统层I/O举例 352
6.5.4进程管理实例 361
6.6小结 365
习题 366
第7章汇编语言层 371
7.1汇编语言简介 371
7.1.1什么是汇编语言 372
7.1.2为什么使用汇编语言 372
7.1.3汇编语言语句的格式 373
7.1.4伪指令 374
7.2宏 376
7.2.1宏定义、调用和扩展 376
7.2.2带参数的宏 377
7.2.3高级特性 378
7.2.4汇编器中宏处理的实现 378
7.3汇编过程 379
7.3.1两趟汇编的汇编器 379
7.3.2第一趟扫描 379
7.3.3第二趟扫描 382
7.3.4符号表 384
7.4链接和加载 385
7.4.1链接器的处理过程 386
7.4.2目标模块的结构 388
7.4.3绑定时间和动态重定位 389
7.4.4动态链接 390
7.5小结 393
习题 393
第8章并行计算机体系结构 396
8.1片内并行 397
8.1.1指令级并行 397
8.1.2片内多线程 402
8.1.3单片多处理器 406
8.2协处理器 410
8.2.1网络处理器 411
8.2.2图形处理器 416
8.2.3加密处理器 418
8.3共享内存的多处理器 418
8.3.1多处理器与多计算机 418
8.3.2内存语义 424
8.3.3UMA对称多处理器体系结构 426
8.3.4NUMA多处理器系统 432
8.3.5COMA多处理器系统 439
8.4消息传递的多计算机 440
8.4.1互联网络 441
8.4.2MPP——大规模并行处理器 443
8.4.3集群计算 450
8.4.4多计算机的通信软件 454
8.4.5调度 456
8.4.6应用层的共享内存 457
8.4.7性能 461
8.5网格计算 465
8.6小结 467
习题 468
参考文献 471
附录A二进制数 479
附录B浮点数 487
附录C汇编语言程序设计 493
索引 534

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Jingdong book