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牛津大学英语词典

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二十一世纪第一部大学英语词典,收录40余万词条及释义项,附有插图1000余幅。囊括必备新词新语,覆盖计算机、医学、政治及通俗文化等诸领域,释义由浅入深,精隹全面,结构合理独特,词源知识丰富,权威探究词语发展的奥秘。
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经由上海译文出版社引进,《牛津大学英语词典》(The Oxford American College Dictionary影印本)正式登陆中国图书市场。该社词典教育编辑室主任朱亚军博士要我抽时间翻看一下样书,并嘱笔写一篇序文。编词典,我有一些实践经验;谈理论,虽近年来有所猎,但不甚了了,可以说只是一名上了点年纪的学徒。现在就以老学徒的身份说几点读后的感想吧!
《牛津大学英语词典》是牛津大学出版社面向21世纪推出的首部大学(版)英语词典。原书名中有2个关键词:牛津、美国大学(版)。对于前者,学英语查词典的人都知道,“牛津”是世界上老牌出版社中的王牌,100多年前出版的《牛津英语词典》(The Oxford English Dictionary)以凝重的传统感、严谨的笔风、翔实的内容著称,堪称“词典之帝”(美国语言学家门肯[H. L. Mencken]语),一直被视作英语词典的“终极权威”,此后它连同以其为母本繁衍出来的“子子孙孙”,成了英语词典编纂史上的丰碑;对于后者,国内熟悉这类词典的人还不是很多。上个世纪50年代以来,各类美国词典中,成绩卓著的是收词量在15万条左右的一般案头词典(desk dictionary)。这类词典着重为大学生读者服务,特别注意收录大学各类课程中可能涉及的词汇,语词条目和百科条目并举,在美国常称为“大学(版)词典”(co1lege或collegiate dictionary)。一向标举“标准英语”(King’s或Queen’s English)的牛津为何在新世纪伊始便把目光投向大西洋彼岸,关注起美国英语,组织人马编纂美国大学英语词典,并把它当作牛津系统词典的新起点(a new departure)?词典编者在前言中已经给出了答案:这是因为虽说英语现在已是一种世界通用语,但是英语的中心却是在美国。诚者斯言,求创新也要务实,这才是出版家的眼识。这使我联想起19世纪中叶美国词典编纂史上的第一次“辞书大战”(War Of the dictionaries)。1828年,韦伯斯特(Noah Webster)用后半生心血苦心孤诣编写的《美国英语词典》面世了。两年后,另一个新英格兰人武斯特(Joseph E. Worcester)编出了《发音、求解综合英语词典》(后于1846年更名为《通用校勘英语词典》)。前者怀着为美国人争气、为民族争光的动机,锐意革新,倡导文字改革,张与“旧世界”彻底决裂;而后者则趋于保守,偏向英国传统,反对韦伯斯特革新主张和做法。由于各自的出版商在背后推波助澜,双方展开了激烈的角逐。较量了二、三十年,最后以后者悄然退出竞争而告终。这两位美国辞书界先哲如果地下有灵,得见这装帧精良的《牛津大学英语词典》,看到老枝发新芽、名牌新起点这番气象,想必会辗转反侧,感到大为震惊!
《牛津大学英语词典》共收录单词、短语、义项等40余万条,提供丰富的例证、精当的词源信息以及惯用法说明等,另外还配以1000余幅插图或照片,是一部使用新方法编写的美国英语词典。以往牛津版词典大多依据那部鸿篇巨制《牛津英语词典》,然而《牛津大学英语词典》却转向1998年出版的《新牛津英语词典》(The New Oxford Dictionary of English),利用计算机语料库,吸收现代语言学、认知科学等方面的研究成果,吸取英语学习词典的成功经验,借鉴美国大学(版)词典的编纂工艺,成了一部具有鲜明特色的英语工具书。翻开一页页词典,迎面拂来一股股清新的创新、求实之风。
纵览英语语言学的发展史,可见词典学随语言学的层层演进而得以“水涨船高”式地发展,词典力作也随之问世。例如,历史主义语言学催生了《牛津英语词典》这部旷古之作;描写主义语言学滥觞之时,《韦氏三版新国际词典》便应运而生;《牛津大学英语词典》与《新牛津英语词典》一样,以现代语言学理论尤其是认知语言学、语料库语言学为指导,大胆改革,勇于创新,向世人昭示了新世纪英语词典编写的新模式。拿词典中的义项排列来说,这历来是词典学家伤脑筋的问题。有的词典着眼于历史,譬如《牛津英语词典》,从最早的意义讲起,往往是废义、古义、罕用义打头,把活泼泼的常用义掩藏其间,急煞查阅人;有的词典着眼于当代,根据词频统计,从最常用的意义讲起,方便是方便了,但有“见树不见林”之弊,来源不一的词义凑在一起,显得杂乱无章,不利于理解词义。《牛津大学英语词典》释义的理论基础是认知语言学中的“原型理论”(prototype theory)。正如词典前言所说:“语言学家、认知科学家等研制出分析用法和语义的新技术,《牛津大学英语词典》充分利用这些研究成果。最突出的是强调用法和语义的‘中心和典型性’,以区别与传统的‘意义的充分必要条件’……”具体做法是:义项的排列首先考虑其词性,最主要的词性排在前面,次要的排在后面。然后,再列出词目的中心义或典型义,随后列出由中心义演变而来的若干次要意义,次要意义则按照使用频率的高低来排先后顺序。这种以中心义或典型义为基础的排列方法,既方便检索,又显示出词义之间的联系,一定程度上解决了一直困扰词典学家的义项排列问题。
语料库语言学和计算机信息技术的迅猛发展给词典的编纂带来了一场革命,使得原来不可能的事变得可能。《牛津大学英语词典》的主要依据是拥有1亿词的“不列颠国家语料库”(The British National Corpus)以及包括美国英语的语料库在内的其他几个语料库。充分利用语料库为词典的选词和义项的确立、惯用法说明和交代搭配信息、例证的择取等方面提供了科学的依据和雄厚的基础。除了语料库之外,《牛津大学英语词典》的编写还利用了“牛津北美阅读计划”(The Oxford North American Reading Program)的引文语料库。这项研究计划由分布在世界各地的专家,阅读用英国英语、加拿大英语、加勒比英语、印度英语、南非英语、澳大利亚英语和新西兰英语等各种英语变体写的专业和非专业文献,收集新词、新义和新成语,以确保这本词典在充分描写美国英语的同时能全面反映出作为世界通用语的英语使用的真实情况。
词典编纂中经常争论这样一个问题,词典究竟该是“规范的”还是“描写的”。约翰逊(Samuel Johnson)的《英语词典》以及《牛津英语词典》的主要目的之一,是“规范”语言,是教授人们如何正确使用英语,对各种所谓“非主流”的用法往往是不屑一顾的。而上世纪60年代初出版的《韦氏三版新国际词典》则走向另一个极端,完全采取描写主义的做法,“有闻必录”。《牛津大学英语词典》的编者们认识到,时代在前进,语言在发展,特别是当今世界范围内“全球化”之风劲吹,文化呈多元化趋势,人们的价值观也随之发生了深刻的变化。面对“规定”与“描写”这对矛盾,他们则是描写和规定并重,在所设的数以百计的“惯用法说明”栏中,根据语言使用的事实,搭准时代的脉搏,充分尊重今人的价值判断趋向,既修正传统,肯定了如“分裂不定式”、“hopefully”等被语法学家视为非规范的用法,也不时地提醒读者在使用女性化后缀-ess、Christian name、Negro等词语时要持谨慎态度,要注意诸如此类的片法的敏感性。这些做法对引导读者正确而又得体地使用英语来说不啻是一剂良帖。
前不久,英匡词典学家哈特曼(R.R.K.Hartmann)曾经指出:“一些英国学习词典的特色正在被本族语词典吸收过来,例如《新牛津英语词典》(1998)……”同样,《牛津大学英语词典》的很多特色明显地借鉴了学习词典。首先,传统意义上的为本族人编写的词典一般不提供详细的语法信息。而该词典提供较为详细的语法信息,使用简明的表示方式,尽量避免使用语法术语和缩略语。这是因为语言学家们注意到,词的意义往往和句型、搭配及句法结构紧密联系在一起的。这是向学习词典方向迈出的重要一步;其次,《牛津大学英语词典》注重提供词的搭配信息。词的意义往往取决于本词与他词的搭配以及所使用的语法结构。如前所说,该词典在词典编写中充分利用计算机语料库技术。语料库提供了大量的词语搭配和语法结构素材,使人们对语言的运用,特别是对词的使用情况,有更准确的理解。《牛津大学英语词典》把常用的搭配信息都用黑体字标出,有的列在释义之前,有的出现在例句中,便于学生学习和模仿。
包括牛津系列词典在内的英国词典传统只收语词,不收百科性词条,认为词典只管释“名”,即提供有关“指物符号”的信息;而释“物”,即对“所指之物”的解释,应是百科全书的任务。《牛津大学英语词典》一反这种做法,向美国词典学习,收录了数以千计的人名、地名和其他专名。这类词目不光提供基本信息,还扼要地提供一些相关资讯,比同类词典大大进了一步,正可谓“青出于蓝而胜于蓝”。
这部《牛津大学英语词典》还有其他特色,兹不一一列举。记得有人说过,写“序”之类的营生,就好比充当领人游览观光的导游。我权且当了一回“导游”,但无论这“导游”的解说词是否得要领,只要“游人”听了之后能生出一睹“庐山真面目”的欲望,我也就可以交差了。
Catalogue

Editorial Staff viii
Preface ix
How to Use This Dictionary x
Key to the Pronunciations xiii
The Oxford American College Dictionary
Ready Reference
The History of English
Usage Guide
Punctuation Guide
Illustration Credits
Introduction

经由上海译文出版社引进,《牛津大学英语词典》(The Oxford American College Dictionary影印本)正式登陆中国图书市场。该社词典教育编辑室主任朱亚军博士要我抽时间翻看一下样书,并嘱笔写一篇序文。编词典,我有一些实践经验;谈理论,虽近年来有所涉猎,但不甚了了,可以说只是一名上了点年纪的学徒。现在就以老学徒的身份说几点读后的感想吧!

《牛津大学英语词典》是牛津大学出版社面向21世纪推出的首部大学(版)英语词典。原书名中有2个关键词:牛津、美国大学(版)。对于前者,学英语查词典的人都知道,“牛津”是世界上老牌出版社中的王牌,100多年前出版的《牛津英语词典》(The Oxford English Dictionarv)以凝重的传统感、严谨的笔风、翔实的内容著称,堪称“词典之帝”(美国语言学家门肯[H.L.Mencken]语),一直被视作英语词典的“终极权威”,此后它连同以其为母本繁衍出来的“子子孙孙”,成了英语词典编纂史上的丰碑j对于后者,国内熟悉这类词典的人还不是很多。上个世纪50年代以来,各类美国词典中,成绩卓著的是收词量在15万条左右的一般案头词典(desk dictionary)。这类词典着重为大学生读者服务,特别注意收录大学各类课程中可能涉及的词汇,语词条目和百科条目并举,在美国常称为“大学(版)词典”(college或collegiate dictionary)。一向标举“标准英语”(King’s或Queen’s English)的牛津为何在新世纪伊始便把目光投向大西洋彼岸,关注起美国英语,组织人马编纂美国大学英语词典,并把它当作牛津系统词典的新起点(a new departure)?词典编者在前言中已经给出了答案:这是因为虽说英语现在已是一种世界通用语,但是英语的中心却是在美国。诚者斯言,求创新也要务实,这才是出版家的眼识。这使我联想起19世纪中叶美国词典编纂史上的第一次“辞书大战”(War of the dictionaries)。1828年,韦伯斯特(Noah Webster)用后半生心血苦心孤诣编写的《美国英语词典》面世了。两年后,另一个新英格兰人武斯特(Joseph E.Worce ster)编出了《发音、求解综合英语词典》(后于1846年更名为《通用校勘英语词典》)。前者怀着为美国人争气、为民族争光的动机,锐意革新,倡导文字改革,主张与“旧世界”彻底决裂;而后者则趋于保守,偏向英国传统,反对韦伯斯特的革新主张和做法。由于各自的出版商在背后推波助澜,双方展开了激烈的角逐。较量了二、三十年,最后以后者悄然退出竞争而告终。这两位美国辞书界先哲如果地下有灵,得见这本装帧精良的《牛津大学英语词典》,看到老枝发新芽、名牌新起点这番气象,想必会辗转反侧,感到大为震惊!

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    2-Day Express (Includes Alaska & Hawaii) starts at $19.99.

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Yami Cross-store Free Shipping over $69
Yami 30-days Return

Yami-China FC

Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

Return Policy

You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

Yami

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book