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Jingdong book

真实的产业政策 发达国家促进工业发展的历史经验与最新实践

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真实的产业政策 发达国家促进工业发展的历史经验与最新实践

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高水平的专业智库,需要做到理论顶天、实践立地的“顶天立地”。在长期的智库建设过程中,中国社会科学院工业经济研究所不仅与国家部委、地方政府、企业等建立了长期的合作关系,能够做到及时了解和洞察实践的新动向和“一手”需求,同时已经形成了一系列的支撑专业智库的学术平台,推动理论与实践的有机结合。
Catalogue

第一章 当前中国工业化的阶段与特征
一、当前中国工业化阶段的判断
(一)2010年工业化水平
(二)2013年工业化水平与发展趋势
1.人均GDP
2.产业产值比
3.工业结构
4.城市化率
5.产业就业比
二、当前中国工业化的特征
1.工业化发展很不平衡
2.面临巨大的资源环境压力
3.中高速增长成为工业化的“新常态”
4.进入向工业强国转变的关键时期
5.进入“四化”同步发展的新阶段
三、工业发展的意义
1.工业是经济发展的重要引擎
2.工业是重要的就业吸纳部门
3.工业是技术创新的重要载体
4.工业是现代服务业发展的重要基础
5.工业是绿色低碳发展的重力

第二章 美国政府促进工业发展的历史经验与最新部署
一、工业化中后期的美国产业政策及其对我国的启示
(一)工业化中后期美国政府促进工业发展的历史经验
1.为信息通信技术(ICT)、生物技术和先进材料3类核心通用技术提供持续的高强度研发投资
2.每年支出数亿美元支持中期性的应用型研究跨越成果转化的“死亡之谷”
3.每年花费数十亿美元支持小企业开展技术研究以激发产业界创新活力
4.通过立法促进大学等研究机构的科技成果转化
5.利用政府采购和国防军工合同为新兴技术创造市场以促进先进技术突破
(二)对我国的启示
1.围绕创新链配置稀缺的政策资源
……
第三章 日本政府促进工业发展的历史经验与最新部署
第四章 德国政府促进工业发展的历史经验与最新部署
第五章 韩国政府促进工业发展的历史经验与最新部署
第六章 从国际经验看我国工业发展战略与产业政策调整
参考文献
后记
Book Abstract

《真实的产业政策 发达国家促进工业发展的历史经验与最新实践》:
(2)日本促进制造业发展的基本思路
日本促进制造业发展的基本思路包括宏观与微观两个层面。在宏观层面,通过增强国内制造基础、培育战略新兴产业、改善投资环境、培育新的出口企业来提高制造业的国际竞争力:在微观层面,通过支持新一代技术、基础共性技术的开发,推进产业化合作和产业人才培养来支援企业提升盈利能力。
第一,调整国际分工战略,增强国内制造基础。20世纪90年代以后,日本企业的海外直接投资增加,国内生产比重下降,产品进口增加,造成国内生产空心化,制造能力削弱。近年由于国外劳动力成本提高、国内新技术出现等原因,出现了生产基地回归国内的现象。日本制造业面临重新定位国内外生产基地功能、调整优化国际分工体系的挑战。为了促进日本企业增加国内投资,将高生产率和高附加价值制造基地留在国内,日本决定加大对企业设备投资的减税力度,对企业装备升级提供租赁补贴、补助金等优惠。与此同时加大国家技术投资,以此为纽带推动大学、研究机构和企业合作开发有较大社会需求和发展潜力的新一代制造技术,提升成本竞争力,在满足国内市场的同时以出口形式占领国外市场,形成新的国际分工体系。
第二,培育战略新兴产业。日本面临着能源制约、少子高龄化、自然灾害多等社会问题,对能解决或缓解此类社会问题的技术及产品有着非常大的潜在需求。日本复兴战略把健康医疗、环境与能源、新一代基础设施、农林水产设定为战略领域。在此基础上,日本经济产业省选定了7个重点领域,决定调动财政、科研及制度变革等政策手段,重点促进这些领域的研发、投资以及产业化,以应对当下的能源制约、老龄化、防灾等的社会需求,同时在国内形成新产业、新市场,提供能满足日益变化的社会需求的、高附加价值的产品。这7个重点领域是机器人、新一代汽车、飞机、碳纤维、iPS再生医疗、生化医药和新化学产业。主要政策包括四方面:一是设立国家研究开发项目,推动大学、研究机构和企业合作开发关键技术。二是政府禾口企业合作推进关键技术、关键零部件的国际标准化。三是通过修改法律或制定新法律来规范新产品的安全使用、安全生产与安全责任。四是对新产品的生产设备、服务、周边消耗品制定标准。关于培育战略新兴产业,日本提出要形成自主开发、自主生产和自主供应的完整体系,对目前部分依赖进口的产业,要实现替代进口的目标,如生化制药。
第三,改善日本国内的投资环境。日本不仅劳动力成本高,而且税率、能源成本、汇率也高。要促进日本企业在日本国内投资和开展经营活动,必须改善国内的投资环境,提高国内的投资吸引力。作为改善国内投资环境的主要举措,一是实施日元贬值政策,二是降低法人税。从实施效果看,日元贬值政策使出口企业获利不浅,还将持续实施下去。
……
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