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Jingdong book

中央企业完善董事会制度研究

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Books Economy China Economy

Jingdong book

中央企业完善董事会制度研究

Name: 中央企业完善董事会制度研究
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110013011
Price: 23.57 USD
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《中央企业完善董事会制度研究》根据国资委研究中心2014年开展的重点课题研究报告整理而成。该报告结合相关法律法规、国资委董事会试点工作有关文件，在总结国内外公司治理与董事会理论研究的相关成果，试点中央企业董事会建设与运作实践以及存在问题，借鉴发达国家董事会建设经验，剖析中国上市公司董事会实证案例，对比分析国有与民营上市公司治理总体情况和成长总体情况的基础上形成，旨在完善中央企业法人治理结构，进一步提升公司治理水平以及董事会运作的规范性和有效性，促进中央企业平稳健康可持续发展。报告适用于建设规范董事会的试点中央企业，也可供其他中央企业和国有控股上市公司董事会参考。

Catalogue

第一章中央企业完善董事会制度研究综述
一、本研究的导向与逻辑
二、创新之处
三、下一步研究的重点

第二章董事会理论研究
一、董事及董事会简析
（一）董事的定义及分类
（二）董事的权利和义务
（三）董事会的定义和类型
（四）董事会的职责
二、公司治理理论的产生和发展
（一）理论起源及理论研究发展
（二）近代公司治理理论演变路径
三、公司治理重要观点综述
（一）国外理论界公司治理重要观点综述
（二）我国理论界公司治理重要观点综述
（三）国际公司治理前沿问题聚焦
……

第三章中央企业董事会建设的成效及问题
第四章发达国家董事会建设的经验
第五章我国上市公司董事会建设实证分析
第六章基于公司治理指数的董事会有效性对比分析
第七章中央企业董事会建设的政策建议

附录一意大利电信公司治理案例
附录二日本公司治理案例研究

后记

Book Abstract

《中央企业完善董事会制度研究》：
（四）管理层方面的问题
管理层是公司法人治理结构的重要构成之一，对内负责管理公司事务，对外代表公司从事民商事法律行为。管理层方面的问题，在国有控股上市公司中尤为突出。虽然20世纪70年代我国进行了国企改制，但是由于传统计划经济曾经造成的影响仍然没有退去，因此，改制后的上市公司中，管理人员的选聘和解任制度仍带有些许计划经济色彩。主要存在问题如下：第一，管理层人员构成大部分来自原国有公司的管理层，由于其非专业经理人出身，且多还具有行政级别，很难采用完全市场化的方式对上市公司进行经营管理。第二，缺乏有效的激励和约束机制，难以形成对管理人员的强激励和硬约束。从管理层治理实践经验来看，激励层面的问题主要在于激励形式过于单一，力度不够。目前，管理层的薪酬主要来自于工资和一些福利、补贴。这种分配机制由于缺少绩效因素的考量，很难调动管理人员的能动性和积极性。激励不足的结果就是国有企业优秀经营者的严重流失；另一个极端则是在职的经理人员寻找各种可能的隐性收入。从约束层面来看，处于经济转型时期的国有控股上市公司，未能及时引入优胜劣汰的竞争机制，缺乏压力的经理人员自我约束和监督不足。
三、我国上市公司法人治理结构存在不足的原因
（一）体制原因
我国是一个有着集权制传统的国家，在《公司法》的制定以及公司法人治理结构模式的选择方面已经显现出来。为了维护大股东进行类似集权化的控制，在相关法律的制定以及制度设计中遵循了股东大会的中心主义治理模式。《公司法》第38条赋予股东会广泛的权力，包括决定公司的经营方针和投资计划；选举和更换由非职工代表担任的董事、监事，决定有关董事、监事的报酬事项；审议批准董事会或者监事会的报告；审议批准年度财务预算、决算方案以及利润分配方案和弥补亏损方案等；此外，对于公司的增减注册资本，修改公司章程以及公司的分立、合并、解散、清算或变更公司形式的具体事项可以做出决议。同时，《公司法》第85条关于以募集方式设立的股份有限公司发起人认购股份份额的规定，以及第142条关于发起人持有本公司股份，自公司成立之日起一年内不得转让的条款，都蕴含着股权集中的含义。因此，我国上市公司自产生之初，就天然地具备股权高度集中的特征。
目前社会上议论颇多的“一股独大”的问题，必须对其深入剖析，切不可人云亦云。首先，应对“一股独大”给予量的界定。课题组研究认为，在非上市公司持股70010以上，在上市公司持股50%以上（包括同一控制人下多家公司／机构联合持股），或在股权分散型上市公司持股30010以上（其他股东持股均在5%以下），可以视为股权高度集中，即所谓“一股独大”。其次，应对“一股独大”给予质的界定，并对其适用范围予以明确。课题组认为，“一股独大”意指高度集中的股权结构，这种股权结构并不是国有控股企业的特有现象，民营控股上市公司、家族企业上市公司等也都存在“一股独大”的情况。国家发改委研究员夏小林撰文②统计，全世界企业中“一股独大”的家族企业最多，占全部企业的65%-80%。
……

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