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长三角经济研究丛书·扩大内需条件下的经济全球化战略:长三角新时期的对外开放问题研究

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长三角经济研究丛书·扩大内需条件下的经济全球化战略:长三角新时期的对外开放问题研究

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当前,我们要把扩大内需与实施新一轮的经济全球化战略有效地结合在一起,利用内需市场与全球市场之间的关联关系,最大限度地吸收和利用全球高级创新要素,服务我国以创新驱动为主要内容的经济转型升级进程,从而加速我国达到全面小康和基本实现现代化目标的宏伟任务。
Content Description

《长三角经济研究丛书·扩大内需条件下的经济全球化战略:长三角新时期的对外开放问题研究》结合长三角的实践,总结了第一波经济全球化过程中出口导向战略对中国经济增长的促进作用,提出第二波全球化的核心在于从全球价值链走向国家价值链,再走向全球创新价值链。这一过程的关键在于要充分利用内需市场,发挥母国市场效应,实现出口升级。同时,充分发挥虹吸效应,实现全球创新要素集聚。
Author Description

刘志彪,南京大学经济学院院长,教授、博士生导师,教育部重点研究基地——南京大学长江三角洲经济社会发展研究中心执行主任,国家首批文科长江学者特聘教授,教育部社会科学委员会经济学部委员。
Catalogue

导言
一、中国启动第二波全球化战略的基本背景
(一)第一波全球化的四大特征
(二)我国实施扩大内需战略的必然要求
(三)中国背景下扩大内需的内涵
二、基于内需的经济全球化:第二波全球化战略的基本内容
(一)两波全球化的对比
(二)从GVC到GIVC的两阶段转变
三、中国参与第二波经济全球化的改革和政策取向
(一)适应第二波经济全球化的结构性改革与支撑能力
(二)针对性的政策取向

第1章 基于全球价值链的出口导向以及对中国经济增长的作用
一、引言
二、基于全球价值链的第一轮经济全球化的特征性事实
(一)产品内分工成为国际分工的主要形式
(二)国际贸易规模和增速持续上升,结构显著变化
(三)跨国公司主导的外商直接投资高速增长
(四)产业集群迅速发展,推动区域经济一体化的发展
(五)贸易收益分配不均,集中于少数发达国家
三、全球价值链下我国出口贸易的特征
(一)垂直专业化不断深化
(二)贸易形式以加工贸易为主
(三)外资企业是国际代工出口主体
(四)出口商品结构不断优化
(五)出口依赖于国外原材料和先进机器设备的大量进口
(六)出口活动集中在东部沿海地区
四、全球价值链对中国经济增长的作用机制
(一)全球价值链对中国经济增长影响的理论分析
(二)全球价值链对中国经济增长影响的实证分析
五、全球价值链下中国经济发展面临的挑战与对策思路
(一)全球价值链下中国经济发展面临的挑战
(二)对策建议

第2章 基于内需的新一轮经济全球化:走向全球创新价值链
一、引论:新一轮经济全球化的本质
二、长三角在新一轮经济全球化浪潮中的机遇与路径选择
三、长三角从GVC转向NVC的意义及微观机制分析
(一)长三角实现从GVC向NVC转型的重要意义
(二)长三角从GVC向NVC转型的微观机制分析
(三)长三角代工企业从GVC向NVC转型的实例
四、长三角基于内需构建GIVC
(一)基于内需构建GIVC与“市场换技术”
(二)基于内需构建GIVC与自主创新
(三)长三角地区构建GIVC的途径及手段
(四)长三角构建GIVC的实例
五、政策建议

第3章 扩大内需背景下本土市场效应及作用机制
一、引言
二、文献综述
(一)HME存在的条件
(二)多要素条件下的HME
(三)HME的扩展应用
(四)HME的经验分析
三、理论模型
(一)模型的设定
(二)市场均衡
……
第4章 国内市场规模与创新要素集聚的虹吸效应
第5章 国内市场效应、跨国研发投资与企业创新能力
第6章 国内需求、逆向外包与全球人才竞争
第7章 为出口而进口:消费品进口需求对出口的影响
第8章 中间品资本品进口、全要素生产率与出口升级
第9章 内需市场规模效应与中国巨型跨国公司的成长机制
Book Abstract

巫强、刘志彪(2010)以山寨手机产业链为分析对象,对专业化市场的模式做了详细的研究。他认为多层次的需求条件、成熟的产业背景和厂商的适应性创新行为这三个条件是以双边交易平台为途径构建NVC的必备条件,但这种NVC存在规模与技术参差不齐、低端市场依赖与价值链环节不完善等内生瓶颈,其突破需要依靠专业化市场向单边市场平台自发对接和政府在专业化市场的功能引导。但该研究以具体的产业作为分析对象,不具备一般性。本部分则将企业看作一个市场中的“经济人”,分析其在两条链条中成本与收益差异,以利润最大化为目标探讨代工企业在NVC与GVC中的运营状态及其选择。
(1)从收益和面对市场来看,GVC治理结构下本土企业的市场来自跨国大买家提供的订单,代工企业不需要进行终端消费市场的开拓。国际大买家利用其成熟的销售渠道和有影响力的品牌开发控制了国际市场,将生产环节委托给代工企业,是一种有需求才有生产的形式;而对于NVC,即便存在双边交易平台载体(专业化市场),由于市场的不确定和需求的不成熟,企业的收益面临较大不确定性。换个角度说,代工企业转换到NVC后,直接面对的是终端市场,由于营销渠道和自主品牌的缺失,其生产的产品能否被市场接受是未知数,这种不确定性可以从企业开发国内市场的成本与收益关系的角度来理解。因此,GVC链条上的企业具有稳定但不高的收入,获得充分竞争状态下的正常利润;而NVC链条上的企业需要自行开拓市场,属于高风险与高收益并存的形态。
(2)从企业投入来看,处于GVC底部的代工企业必须按照跨国公司的全面要求进行生产,主要体现为对产品质量的严格要求,包括原材料、生产工艺和生产流程等方面的各类细致限定,这就出现了“为出口而进口”(或称“进口引致型出口”)下的出口与进口之间的关联机制(巫强、刘志彪,2009),即国际大买家要求代工企业购买其规定的原材料、机器设备或生产技术,以满足对加工产品的高质量要求。这使得代工企业必须进行关系专用性投资,形成沉没成本。相比较而言,NVC轨道内的企业则具有更大的自主性,企业在这里需要承担的是国内市场的开拓成本,并且面临的是未知的市场规模。当然市场开拓投入越多,投资力度越大,可能获得的市场规模就越大,但是这具有不确定性。另外企业为开发和适应国内市场要提供品牌建设投入,这是应市场需求而进行的主动性投入,它与在GVC中的被动性投入有较大的不同,存在的主要问题是投资回报具有较大不确定性,且本土代工企业大多缺乏核心技术和市场运作经验。
表2.4将代工企业在GVC与NVC的状况进行了概括和对比。需要说明的是,除成本与收益外,代工企业的利润还受跨国大买家的反应策略、不同类型价值链(如消费者驱动型与生产者驱动型)的差异、企业的异质性等其他因素的影响。
……

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