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Jingdong book

经济增长的道德意义

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Books Economy Economic Theory

Jingdong book

经济增长的道德意义

Name: 经济增长的道德意义
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110063381
Price: 44.84 USD
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Content Description

对任何一个国家，经济增长都是一个古老的话题。“我们那么明确而极大地关注经济增长是否正确呢？”弗里德曼在书中开门见山地提出了这个问题，同时，为了回答这一问题，他超越了经济学二他研究了大型西方民主制的政治与社会历史——特别是自内战后的美国，区分了一般生活水准上升的时期与普遍停滞的时期，以展示收入的提高如何使一个社会更加开放与民主。
弗里德曼同时描述了经济增长在决定哪个发展中国家给予其公民团体以最大自由中的作用。他指出，增长，而不仅仅是生活水准，是在第三世界形成政治与社会自由化的关键。但是他也警告说。即便是像美国这样富裕的国家，一旦收入增长长期停滞，民主价值也会处于危险之中。一旦有足够的公民失去他们在前进的感觉，只是富裕并不能保一个社会免于倒退到刚性与不容忍的状态。
最后，弗里德曼指出，如果美国要在全世界强化民主体制，以作为对抗恐怖主义与社会不安的堡垒，那么就必须在本国积极地追求增长，并超越纯粹市场驱动所形成的力量来推动世界性的经济扩张。对美国，他提出了达致这些目标的具体的政策步骤建议。这是对于当前关于经济增长与全球化效应争论的一个主要贡献。

Author Description

本杰明·弗里德曼哈佛大学威廉·约瑟夫·梅耶政治经济学教授。曾任经济学系主任。2005年度约翰·康芒斯奖获得者。凭借多年研究美国经济政策获得的远见卓识，多次为政策制定者与公共职位候选人就经济问题提供建议。

Comments

弗里德曼超越了通常的经济讨论。他不仅关心经济如何运行，而且关心如何为大众利益服务。《经济增长的道德意义》是对社会福利的一个主要贡献。它紧扣时代主题，一定会受到读者的欢迎。
——约翰·肯尼斯·加尔布雷斯，《富裕社会》作者
阅读此书时发现我们经济生活意义的一种经历。弗里德曼将我们对道德目的的感受与在我们的日常奋斗中起极大作用的经济活动直观地联系了起来。这是关于世界历史的一个诱人观点。
——罗伯特·希勒，《非理性繁荣》作者
弗里德曼论证了经济增长如何促进一个社会公民们的社会、政治与经济福利，而且他驳斥了大众关于经济增长与人类自由和尊严的发展不一致的说法。有趣而翔实。
——詹姆斯·赫克曼，2000年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者
弗里德曼的书复兴了亚当·斯密《道德情操论》的骄人传统。它展示了一个令人震惊的曲面的经济增长观，并提出了其道德意义的正面前景。《经济增长的道德意义》观点确实富于争议，但是这是在评价全球化及对发展中国家的援助时必须要面对的一个论点。
——丹尼尔·贝尔，《资本主义文化矛盾》作者

Catalogue

第Ⅰ部分思想的起源及其含义
第1章增长是什么？增长的目的是什么？
第2章从启蒙运动及其根源看增长
第3章潮流的交汇：进步与超越进步的年代
第4章收入攀升，个人取向与社会变化的政治学

第Ⅱ部分美国的民主
第5章从荷雷秀·阿尔哥到威廉·杰宁斯·布莱恩
第6章从西奥多·罗斯福到富兰克林·D·罗斯福
第7章大衰退，大例外
第8章战后时期的美国

第Ⅲ部分其他时代，其他地点：欧洲的民主
第9章英国
第10章法国
第11章德国

第Ⅳ部分发展，均等，全球化和环境
第12章发展中国家的经济学和政治学
第13章良善的循环，恶意的循环
第14章增长与平等
第15章增长与环境

第Ⅴ部分前暑预测
第16章美国的经济政策和经济增长
致谢
索引

Book Abstract

除了种族关系外，19世纪晚期大部分美国人的收入几乎停滞20年的结果既是一个没有发生什么的故事，也是一个发生了什么的故事。例如，在经济和社会政策层面，对这一时期最有趣的问题是美国为什么未能在建立一种公共保险机制方面追上德国——而且在较小程度上的其他国家——的先进水平。如我们将要看到的那样，19世纪80年代在俾斯麦领导下的德国开创了全国性健康保险、“老龄和残废”保险以及工人事故保险的先例。
在美国，这些措施并不是没有得到注意。在1891年，当俾斯麦的体制全部到位后仅仅2年，美国劳工委资助了由约翰·格拉姆·布鲁克斯主持的对此主题的详细研究，他原是一位单一神教的牧师，后来以独立的劳工分析师和公众讲演者谋生。政府在1893年出版了布鲁克斯的研究，题目为《德国的强制性保险，包括关于欧洲其他国家强制保险的补充》。其他一些研究和讨论接踵而来。这种思想甚至进入了当时的大众文学。例如，贝拉米的《向后看》赞赏性地描述了一种体制，其中“国家保证每个公民从摇篮到坟墓的养育、教育和舒适”。
不过，尽管有这种兴趣冲动，在19世纪晚期的改革运动中，美国唯一可见的公共政策上的成功是州立法机构正在开始实施的安全和工人补偿法律；而且即使这些措施也在许多州的高等法院里处于险恶环境之中。本土的美国劳工运动或者是忽视或者是反对按照德国那样的模式建立一种更广泛的社会保险体制。[49]在包括这一领域的许多方面，能够形成这种改革的有效联盟根本就没有形成。与早期的和后来的时代相比，这个国家的经济和政治精英们很少对这种类型的改革真正感兴趣。即使排除掉白人和黑人之间的分裂(像南方农民协会和有色农民协会之间的合作只是例外，而不是常规)，国家不断增长的大量城市劳动力及其深陷困境的农业利益都面对着各自不同的问题。
不仅如此，采取直接措施来减轻贫困者和不幸者的困境这种思想，与新近不断上升的社会达尔文主义背道而驰，后者在美国最著名的代表人物是圣公会主教和耶鲁大学教授威廉·格拉姆·萨姆纳。在其被广泛阅读的1881年的文章中，萨姆纳写道，“如果我们试图不惜以任何干涉和资助来减轻处于社会压力之中的受害者的困境，那么我们只是为错误和丑恶提供奖赏，并将其进一步扩展。”

Introduction

道德(morality)有多个层面(dimen-sions)。在某些情景下，我们认为是道德的行动和取向，大多不过是个人的行为而已。个人的诚实、公平的交易、家庭的纽带，以及对朋友和同事的忠诚几乎处于每个人的道德选项中。宗教信仰和实践也处于许多人的选项中。许多人还会加上性行为的一些方面，或者对毒品和酒精的使用与滥用，尽管这是一些负面的感受。本书的主题是关于经济增长(economicgrowth)——或停滞(stagnation)——如何影响一个社会的道德品性(moral charac-ter)。不过，这里也一样，什么组成一个道德社会也是一个多层面的问题，而且是一个不同的人会给予不同理解的问题。

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