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城镇化:改革的突破口

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城镇化:改革的突破口

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社会文明与否的标志在于政策制定者和每个社会成员会关注那些相对弱势的群体,关注他们的基本生存状况和权利,关注公平与正义,关注环境、资源的可持续发展。中国由于长期存在的城乡二元体制,城市和乡村还有很大差距;甚至已经进入城市创业、生活工作的年轻人,由于一纸户籍,也难以享受同城里人相同的待遇。《城镇化:改革的突破口》一书的作者以学者的情怀,政策研究者的理性,直面城镇化过程中热点、难点问题,带来城镇化改革十问,并试图回答和破解这些问题。

一问:如何破解城乡二元体制,缩小城乡差距?

二问:中国城镇化所需的土地到底够还是不够?

三问:为什么不能给“农民工”户籍?

四问:能否解决“农民工”进城后随迁子女的教育问题?

五问:城镇化到底是集约利用了资源,减少污染;还是浪费了资源,增加污染?

六问:怎样才能让农民工落户城镇?

七问:如何实现“农民工”家乡宅基地的有效退出?

八问:从“半城镇化”到城镇化的路还有多远?

九问:为什么城镇化是改革的突破口?

十问:30年前我们为什么出发——改革的目的是什么?

城镇化改革,涉及农民、农民工和城市居民的切身利益,如何最大限度地保障各方利益并实现社会公平,既是改革的突破口,也与改革成败利害攸关。

Content Description

当前,改革已进入攻坚期和深水区,需要克服前所未有的困难,面对庞大而复杂的改革对象,从哪里突破成为很现实的问题。

《城镇化:改革的突破口》一书,从改革全局出发,着眼于实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的改革目标,提出以城镇化作为重点突破来推进整体改革,深入探讨了改革和城镇化问题。

城镇化能否为实现2。6亿农民工的城镇梦提供历史契机?城镇化与以往“半城镇化”的本质差别是什么?城镇化应选择怎样的战略模式?将农民工纳入城镇公共服务体系应如何测算、从哪里入手?如何破解城镇化的难点——农民工住房?在需求不足的背景下,农民工购房能否起到经济增长“启动器”的作用?对这些大众关心的热点问题,作者在长期调研的基础上,以学者的情怀、政策研究者的理性,通过大量数据和具体事例,采用通俗化的语言进行了阐述。

城镇化需要付出艰辛的努力,也将收获丰厚的改革红利,这是一条荆棘与鲜花共生之路。

Author Description

赵俊超,男,1976年出生,河北邯郸人。现为国务院发展研究中心副研究员。清华大学本科、硕士、博士、博士后。长期研究中国城镇化问题,在《求是》、《改革》、《经济学动态》、《经济体制改革》、《管理世界》、《科学学研究》、《中国发展观察》等刊物发表论文多篇。2005年出版《农民问题新探》。2012年出版《中国留守儿童调查》。

Comments

★改革的主要阻力在哪里?改革的牛鼻子在哪里?本书作者赵俊超提出以城镇化作为改革突破口的设想,为改革提供了新的思路。尤其是,作者在城镇化牵涉最深的住房土地领域,不回避问题,勇于提出建设性的政策建议,值得一读。

——清华大学经济学教授魏杰


★为什么要城市化?理由会有许多,但城市化会让一个国家的土地得到更节约的利用,一定是一个必不可少的理由。全世界的城市化都是让国家可利用的土地变得更充裕的,唯独中国的城市化恰恰是让土地变得全面紧张稀缺,这是为什么?本书作者赵俊超对于这个问题作了一番调查和思索,会对读者有所启发。

——北京大学经济学教授平新乔


★城镇化是改革的突破口,这是一个好题目。为什么是改革的突破口?因为涉及到2.6亿农民工市民化,这涉及到未来中国的消费能力,也是中国未来几十年的新的经济增长点。怎么突破?作者选择了城市群。一是解决随迁子女的入学问题,二是宅基地換7折购房。两项并举,很可能为2.6亿农民工市民化找到金钥匙!

——著名银行家、经济学家曹尔阶

Catalogue

第一章 推进改革必须“庖丁解牛”
一、改革需要克服前所未有的困难
二、改革既要积极又不能蛮干
三、新形势下须有新技巧


第二章 城镇化是改革的突破口
一、城镇化是改革的铺路石
二、“半城镇化”是不够的
三、为什么城镇化可以作为突破口
四、城镇化正当其时


第三章 资源约束下的城镇化战略
一、推进城镇化土地到底够不够?
二、应以城市群作为城镇化的战略模式
三、政府可以做什么?


第四章 使农民工成为城里人
一、成为城里人意味着要享受同等公共服务
二、将农民工纳入城镇公共服务体系
三、在社会共识中不断突破前行


第五章 实现农民工的城镇住房梦
一、农民工住房是城镇化的关键一环
二、扩大土地供给是解决住房问题的钥匙
三、完善土地制度具有“画龙点睛”之效


结语 改革在突破中前行

Book Abstract

  • 中国改革经过三十多年已进入深水区,可以说,容易的、皆大欢喜的改革已经完成了,好吃的肉都吃掉了,剩下的都是难啃的骨头。

    “樱桃好吃树难栽”,中国的城镇化,是世界历史上最大的人类迁徙工程,又建立在严格僵化的城乡二元体制的历史起点上,困难可想而知。

    “梨树上难结出苹果”,要想实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的改革目标,迫切需要消除城乡二元结构这个社会基础,途径只能是城镇化。城镇化对改革来说,具有“釜底抽薪”的作用。

    只有城镇更像城镇,农村才能更像农村,自然才更能回归本质。

    如果让现有的2.6亿农民工完全实现生活空间的转换,耕地总量可增加至18.9亿亩。所谓城镇化导致耕地不足只是个自己吓唬自己的“咕咚”。

    一个农民工选择到一个城镇务工乃至定居,不是因为他觉得这个城镇大,这个城镇新,也不是因为这个城镇靠近海边、风景独好,而是因为这个城镇有适合他的就业岗位,能给他提供更高的收入和更好的生活条件。对户籍改革来说,最重要的不是“为什么要给农民工户籍”,而是“为什么不能给农民工户籍”,必须将我们的“担心”具体化。

    在打开城镇大门时,只要捏住“教育资源粥够吃”和“社会救助不加压”这两个要诀,改革的步子可以迈得更大一些。

    只有农民工在城镇拥有适宜家庭生活的稳定的居住条件,城镇化才能构成“闭合回路”,生活空间置换、节约资源的效果才能得以体现出来。

    通过实施“宅基地换7折购房”的政策,使得农民工得以在城镇购买住房、国家耕地面积增加、财政不增加额外负担,是一个非常难得的帕累托改进。

    ……


Introduction

本书旨在提供一个以城镇化作为突破口带动改革全局的战略构想。随着改革日益向纵深发展,面临的情况更为复杂,需要克服前所未有的困难,应根据新形势、新任务、新特点,采取更具针对性的方法。本书认为,改革之所以难以推进,就深层次来说是爱到社会基础的制约。要想实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的改革目标,就必须采取有力的措施,稳步消除城乡二元结构。随着城镇化消化掉小农社会残余,附着于原社会结构的一些观念意识、管理制度等会随之消退,新社会结构的成长则为治理水平提高提供基础,也提出更高的要求。从这个意义上讲,城镇化具有“釜底抽薪”的作用。同时,城镇化还可以起到将无形的改革具体化的作用,为改革提供最好的“抓手”。由于城镇化既具有良好的突破性,又具有极强的带动全局的能力,因此成为改革突破口的可行选择。这一重要局部的突破,将为全面改革的顺利推进起到提纲挈领的作用和事半功倍的效果。

城镇化为实现2.6亿农民工的城镇梦想提供了历史契机。广大农民工虽然常年在城镇生产、生活,甚至已经成为我国产业工人的主体部分,但社会身份却依然是农民,仍被视作老家农村人,不被务工城镇所承认、接纳,无法在城镇获取同等公共服务和定居落户,成为生活在雁过留声的边缘群体。由于他们普遍无力把家庭带入城镇,形成亲情割裂、心酸委屈的留守问题;由于缺乏生活保障,他们在年老时更面临去留两难的困境,目前代际间简单轮回的迹象已经初步显现。现在,已经到了为农民工考虑长远生活归宿的时候了。应当通过政策的调整、制度的完善、资源的重新安排,使农民工有机会成为真正的城里人,可以体面地劳动、有尊严地生活,实现几亿人整体生活面貌的根本改变。城镇定居生活将成为广大农民工中国梦最具体的体现形式,激发广泛的社会共鸣和强劲的奋斗动力。

长期以来的“半城镇化”模式不但使我国城镇化的效果打了折扣,如城乡二元结构难以破解、社会进步受到制约;更重要的是,这一模式会累积需求不足的结构性矛盾、制约产业竞争力提高、遭遇资源环境瓶颈、造成未来灾变会问题,从长期来看是难以为继的。目前,国家已经着手对这一模式进行调整,党的十八届三中全会作出的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)提出“推进农业转移人口市民化”,此后一年多的时间里,围绕以人为核心的新型城镇化已经公布和实施了一系列重要的政策。然而,历史悠久的二元社会体制下形成的传统观念却难以一时扭转,围绕我国城镇化问题的很多重大争议尚无定论,人们对城镇化的具体形式和实现途径仍然存在很大的分歧。本书在前人研究和自己实地调研的基础上,对我国城镇化进行了重新审视,获得一些重要发现。

在我国城镇化进程中,一个重要的限制条件是所谓的“耕地不足”。本书研究认为,对耕地占用和城镇化的关系不能“拍脑袋”来判定,通过国际经验及对我国土地占用情况的具体分析,发现城镇化与耕地占用之间不仅不存在任何矛盾,而且构成相辅相成的关系。我国城镇化过程中的耕地减少,主要是由于“半城镇化”模式下的“两头占地”造成的。如果能够消除我国土地利用中的制度梗阻,实现农民工生活空间置换,完全有可能实现耕地总量的增加。计算可知,假定其他条件不变,将现有的2.6亿农民工转移入城镇生活,增减相抵之后,耕地可增加4.3万平方公里,总量达到18.9亿亩。通过实现农民工市民化,“18亿亩耕地红线”不仅保得住,而且空间会愈加广阔。

在资源环境压力之下,必须慎重选择城镇化的战略模式。本书认为,由于小城镇对自然资源无法集约利用以及缺乏内生发展能力,难以成为我国城镇化的战略模式。应当以城市群作为我国城镇化的战略模式,发挥特大城市“车头”的带动作用,同时通过周边中小城市和小城镇的发展,合理分担特大城市的部分功能和人口压力。应当充分尊重和承认地区间发展禀赋的差异,将东部城市群作为我国城镇化的战略重点,促使其持续健康发展,同时利用“连通器原理”,通过放开人口流动的方式实现区域之间的新平衡。尤其应当从制约作用最明显的供地政策入手,调整目前“牛渴了给羊喝水”的供地模式,使东部城镇在发展中获得充分的土地支撑。

农民工在城镇获取同等公共服务是市民化的重要内容。本书认为,对农民工进城所需公共服务的成本和难度既不能小觑,也不能人为夸大,其中一些如交通等实际已经通过“搭便车”的方式实现了。本书对农民工所需公共服务的研究集中于三点:一个是最耗钱的随迁子女教育;一个是最费力的社会保险;一个是最具标志性的户籍制度改革。在户籍制度改革上,本书认为最重要的不是“为什么给农民工户籍”,而是“为什么不能给农民工户籍”,将我们的“担心”具体化。只要把握“教育资源粥够吃”和“社会救助不加压”两个原则,改革的步子可以迈得更大一些。将农民工纳入城镇公共服务体系必须考虑相关主体的承受能力,通过制定务实的战略、理顺财权事权关系、选择最有利的切入点等手段,最大限度地凝聚社会共识,推进政策实施,并在难点问题上采取“缓进急战”的策略。

农民工的城镇住房问题由于“层级较低”,往往容易受到人们的忽视。考虑到这一问题的必要性、关键性和最高的“难度系数”,本书对此专辟一章进行讨论。本书认为,解决好农民工的城镇住房问题具有两个战略作用:第一,只有农民工得以在城镇拥有适宜家庭生活的稳定居住条件,城镇化才能构成“闭合回路”,生活空间置换、节约资源的效果才能体现出来;第二,在需求不足的背景下,农民工购房将有效释放存量需求,成为经济增长和城镇化的“启动器”。解决农民工城镇住房问题的核心手段是,在目前我国住房市场出现调整的有利局面下,通过扩大土地供给的手段,促使房价进一步合理回调,使部分农民工具备购房的能力。本书还进一步提出了一个大胆的构想:农民工可以自愿选择交出农村老家的宅基地,以此换取在务工城镇7折购房的优惠。通过这一政策,农民工的购房压力大为减轻,得以在东部沿海城镇实现“住房梦”,国家的耕地面积得以增加,同时流入地和流出地的财政都不会增加额外负担,由此实现非常难得的帕累托改进。当然,这一构想在实际操作中尚待进一步探索和完善。

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If you choose “Send to Email”as your delivery method, the card number and CVV will be sent to the email address automatically;

Any user can use the card number and CVV to redeem the gift card, please keep your gift card information safely. If you have any trouble receiving email, please contact Yami customer service;

Yami gift card can be used to purchase both Yami owned or Marketplace products;

Yami gift card will never expire;

Yami gift card balance does not have to be used up at once;

All rights reserved by Yami.

Return Policy

Gift card that has already been consumed is non-refundable.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Yami Free Shipping over $49
Yami Easy Returns
Yami Ships from United States

Shipping

  • United States

    Standard Shipping is $5.99 (Excluding Alaska & Hawaii). Free on orders of $49 or more.

    Local Express is $5.99 (Available in Parts of CA, NJ, MA & PA). Free on orders of $49 or more.

    2-Day Express (Includes Alaska & Hawaii) starts at $19.99.

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Yami Cross-store Free Shipping over $69
Yami 30-days Return

Yami-China FC

Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

Return Policy

You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

Yami

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book