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Jingdong book

市场、政府与企业:对中国发展模式的思考

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市场、政府与企业:对中国发展模式的思考

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中国模式的本质是什么?运行机制是什么?是否存在缺陷?针对这些问题。《市场、政府与企业:对中国发展模式的思考》试图从政府间关系以及政府与企业的互动关系来寻找答案。《市场、政府与企业:对中国发展模式的思考》批判性地介绍了联邦主义理论,并指出中国模式的基本制度特征是“经济分权、政治集中”。而非单纯的中央-地方分权。作者证明,中央-地方分权有利于加快意识形态和制度变迁步伐,但前提条件是存在一个开明且强有力的中央政府。不过,《市场、政府与企业:对中国发展模式的思考》重点在于强调中国的转轨问题在本质上是发展问题。虽然分权和辖区间竞争可促使政府对工商企业伸出帮助之手而促进经济增长,但也容易诱使政府对某些弱势群体伸出掠夺之手。因此,中央对地方的分权和激励安排应适时调整,以便在经济增长和社会公平之间达到某种平衡。
《市场、政府与企业:对中国发展模式的思考》随后的经验分析进一步显示:分权确实会促使地方政府向企业伸出帮助之手,只不过帮助对象主要是规模较大的企业;尽管帮助之手利于这些企业成长,但也容易诱使企业追求特殊的政治关联并导致其行为扭曲,危害社会公平;而令人宽慰的是,随着市场力量的发展,政治关联的影响力会大大下降。上述研究表明,强有力的政府,尤其是中央政府是分权有效的必要条件。这意味着。中国模式并不能轻易地被其他发展中国家模仿。此外。政治关联的普遍存在是该模式的缺陷。因此引入包括国际竞争在内的市场力量是抑制其负面影响的重要机制。
Author Description

杨其静,男,1972年12月生于重庆市北碚区。1992年9月就读于中国人民大学经济学院,2002年7月获得博士学位并留校任教。2005年7月被评为副教授,2006年在剑桥大学发展经济系做博士后研究,2008年入选教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”,2009年12月被评为博士生导师。研究领域为:企业与契约理论、新制度经济学和中国经济问题。博士学位论文《企业家的企业理论》分别获2004年“全国优秀博士学位论文奖”和2006年“北京市哲学社会科学优秀成果奖”二等奖。现已在《经济研究》、《管理世界》、 《世界经济》等国内一流刊物上发表近30篇学术论文,出版个人专著1本,与他人合作出版多部专著和译著。
Catalogue

第一章 联邦主义与中国经济:一个初步批判
第一节 联邦主义的起源及其基本思想
第二节 保护市场的联邦主义与中国经济
第三节 现有研究的不足

第二章 中央-地方关系与制度变迁
第一节 历史回顾:转轨与意识形态转变
第二节 市场化制度变革的必要条件
第三节 分权、地方政府与制度变迁模式转变
第四节 地方政府和企业家的合作博弈
第五节 分权和政府对制度变革的作用

第三章 分权、增长与不平等
第一节 封闭辖区中政府行为分析
第二节 辖区间资本竞争与地方政府的策略性行为
第三节 本章总结

第四章 最优分权与政治激励安排
第一节 最优激励合约
第二节 最优资源的处置权
第三节 中国和印度发展模式的简单比较

第五章 财政分权与企业规模分布
第一节 帕累托指数与Zipf法则
第二节 估算各省企业规模分布的帕累托指数
第三节 企业规模分布的影响因素分析
第四节 本章总结

第六章 政府补贴与工资差异
第一节 工资差异成因的相关文献及研究假说
第二节 补贴与工资差异的统计分析
第三节 工资差异的因素分析
第四节 市场力量与工资差异
第五节 本章结论

第七章 市场、政治关联与公司财务结构决定
第一节 文献综述:财务结构的决定因素
第二节 计量模型及分析
第三节 本章总结

第八章 个人禀赋、制度环境与创业决策
第一节 文献综述:影响创业决策的因素
第二节 相关调查数据说明与模型设定
第三节 创业倾向的计量分析结果
第四节 本章总结

第九章 对中国模式的思考
第一节 中国模式的本质与优势
第二节 中国模式有效的必要条件
第三节 中国模式的缺陷:政治关联
第四节 中国模式的改进
参考文献
Book Abstract

一、开明且权威的中央治国者是改革成功的首要条件
主流的联邦主义文献往往认为中央政府天然地具有掠夺和干预主义倾向,因而是改革的阻碍者,而特别强调分权和地方政府在制度变迁中的重要角色。然而,我们的分析表明,在一个传统计划经济体制及其意识形态站绝对统治地位的国家中,即便中央政府赋予了地方政府管理其辖区社会经济事务的优先权和相应的财权,甚至已经将经济建设确立为国家工作的中心,地方官员也不太可能成为市场导向改革的首要发动者。因为信息不对称使得他们并不完全清楚中央治国者的意识形态偏好,所以贸然发动违背计划经济教条的改革将面临巨大政治风险。
这意味着,除非爆发了自下而上的革命,否则突破计划经济教条的改革必须由开明的中央治国者来承担开启者和推动者,即改革是中央政府主导的“自上而下”的改革。只不过,这种情况的发生必须依赖于对市场经济体制已经有相当认识的、拥有权威的中央治国者的存在,因为,(1)中央治国者不可能从地方政府那儿学习和积累有关市场经济体制的知识,因为在该体制下后者就不会系统性地发动改革实践;(2)对传统体制和意识形态的最初突破必然会引发巨大的政治阻力。从这个意义上讲,中国改革的成功在很大程度上具有偶然性——因为有了改革开放的总设计师邓小平。
在政治上具有权威的中央政府的意义还在于保证对地方政府的激励机制的有效性。否则,分权很可能诱使地方官员对私利,甚至地方分离主义的追求,而并不专注于增进经济活力和发动经济增长的制度变革。
Introduction

经济理论的发展与变化是和经济实践紧密联系的,在我国继续向社会主义市场经济体制过渡的今天,实践在呼唤经济学的发展和繁荣;同时,实践也为经济学的发展创造着条件。
中国的市场化改革是没有先例的,又没有现成的经济理论作指导,这是中国学者遇到的前所未有的挑战。他山之石,可以攻玉。随着一大批西方经济理论译介进来,以及一大批具有现代经济学素养的人成长起来,认识和解决中国问题开始有了全新的工具和视角。理论和实践是互动的,中国这块独一无二的“试验田”在借鉴和运用现代经济理论的同时,势必会为经济理论的发展注入新的活力,成为其发展的重要推动力量,而建立在探讨中国经济问题基础之上的经济学也才有望真正出现。中国经济问题正是在这个大背景下获得了特别的意义。
我们策划出版《中国经济问题丛书》的主要目的是为了鼓励经济学者的创新和探索精神,继续推动中国经济学研究的进步和繁荣,在中国经济学学术著作的出版园林中,创建一个适宜新思想生长的园地,为中国的经济理论界和实际部门的探索者提供一个发表高水平研究成果的场所,使这套丛书成为国内外读者了解中国经济学和经济现实发展态势的必不可少的重要读物。
中国经济问题的独特性和紧迫性,将给中国学者以广阔的发展空间。丛书以中国经济问题为切入点,强调运用现代经济学方法来探究中国改革开放和经济发展中面临的热点、难点问题。丛书以学术为生命,以促进中国经济与中国经济学的双重发展为己任,选题论证采用“双向匿名评审制度”与专家约稿相结合,以期在经济学界培育出一批具有理性与探索精神的中国学术先锋。中国是研究经济学的最好土壤,在这块土地上只要勤于耕耘,善于耕耘,就一定能结出丰硕的果实。

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