传播政治经济学（上下）

将近半个多世纪，伴随大众媒体在文化政治、意识领导与经济领域的分量有增无减，传播政治经济学对各种学科，从文学与文化研究至公共政策与财经、法学，全面展开对话，从中演绎合适的实践路径。这本文集以传播政治经济学所主要关切的研究议题为核心，分别从该学派的历史起源与理论基础，方法思索与跨学科对话，广告的权力与受众商品的塑造，产权与盎格鲁—美国语境下的控制，资本主义整合的全球、民族与本土动力，转型的场域、能动性与进程等六个方面建构这个学派批判性的阐释路径。
政治经济学是一种世界观，对于阶级的、民族与社会性别的关系，对于人与环境的关系，有其深入与全面的观照角度，它与近代四百年的历史变迁，同步进展，为记录与更新社会的体质，贡献良多。将近半个多世纪，伴随大众媒体在文化政治、意识领导与经济领域的分量有增无减，传播政治经济学在西方也得不成为活力生猛的知识范畴，它对各种学科，从文学与文化研究至公共政策与财经、法学、全面展开对话，从中演绎合适的实践路径。这本文集的编纂与出版，意义重大。通过赵月枝与曹晋博士的辛勤挑选，传播政治经济学从此将在神州大陆有效推进，全书搜罗既简约又繁复，读者逐步拾级、次第开卷后，信心与能力定会倍增。假以时日，学人当能发展独特眼界，对于流转眼前的各色传播现象，是否符合人们的需要，自有从容的领悟与定见。对于书报期刊至广电与互联网所组合成就的，由传媒所中介的信息、娱乐暨教育环境，究竟应该如何因革摔损益，学子必然能够从学习、对话、批评与建言的步骤中，逐步提炼自己的见解。
台湾政治大学传播学院新闻学系冯建三教授

读本以传播政治经济学所主要关切的研究议题为核心，分别从该学派的历史起源与理论基础，方法思索与跨学科对话，广告的权力与受众商品的塑造，产权与盎格鲁—美国语境下的控制，资本主义整合的全球、民族与本土动力，转型的场域、能动性与进程等六个方面建构这个学派批判性的阐释路径。读本的论文组织以英美为主，兼顾其他国家与地区，主流批判中涵盖另类建设，突出对话，在传播与政治经济相互关联、作用的过程中关注多样化的论题，并贯穿阶级、社会性别、种族、国家与区域的研究视野。

曹晋，复旦大学新闻学院副教授，国际出版研究中心副主任，教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地“信息与传播研究中心”副研究员，“国家哲学社会科学创新基地新闻传播与媒介化社会研究”副研究员，美国耶鲁大学高级访问学者，致力于批判传播理论与书刊出版研究。
赵月枝，加拿大西蒙弗雷泽大学传播学博士，曾任教于美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校传播系，现为加拿大西蒙弗雷泽大学全球传播政治经济学加拿大国家研究教授，全球媒介监测与分析实验室主任。

序言 曹晋 赵月枝
Part One: Historical Origins and Theoretical Foundations
1. Theories of Communication and Theories of Society
Peter GoldingGraham Murdock 
2. The Legacy of Robert A. Brady: Antifascist Origins of the Political Economy 
of Communications
Dan Schiller
3. The Frankfurt School and the Political Economy of Communications
Ronald V. Bettig 
4. Communications: Blindspot of Western Marxism
Dallas W. Smythe
5. “Introduction” to Who Knows: Information in the Age of Fortune 500
Herbert I. Schiller 
6. “Introduction” to Information and the Crisis Economy
Herbert I. Schiller 
7. Reconstructing the Ruined Tower: Contemporary Communications and Questions of Class
Graham Murdock 
8. The Information Commodity: A Preliminary View
Dan Schiller 
9. The Political Economy Approach: A Critical Challenge
Oscar H. Gandy, Jr. 
10. Political Economy, Communication, and Labor
Vincent Mosco
11. Political Economy, Power and New Media
Robin Mansell 

Part Two: Methodological Considerations and Disciplinary Dialogues 
12. Abstracted Empiricism
C. Wright Mills
13. Media Sociology: The Dominant Paradigm
Todd Gitlin 
14. The Rediscovery of “Ideology”: Return of the Repressed in Media Studies
Stuart Hall 
15. Rethinking Political Economy: Change and Continuity
Eileen R. Meehan Vincent Mosco Janet Wasko 
16. Not Yet the PostImperialist Era
Herbert I. Schiller
17. The Political Economy of Communication and the Future of the Field
Robert W. McChesney 

Part Three: The Power of Advertising and the Making of the Audience Commodity
18. Advertising at the Edge of the Apocalypse
Sut Jhally
19. The Restructuring of the European Advertising Industry
Armand Mattelart
20. Capitalism and Control of the Press
James Curran 
21. Advertising and the Content of a Democratic Press
C. Edwin Baker
22. Gendering the Commodity Audience: Critical Media Research, Feminism, and Political Economy
Eileen R. Meehan
23. Race, Ethnicity and the Segmentation of Media MarketsOscar H. Gandy, Jr.

Part Four: Ownership and Control in the AngloAmerican Contexts: Capital, the State, and Other Social Forces
24. The Process of Legitimation-Ⅱ
Ralph Miliband
25. A Propaganda Model
Edward HermanNoam Chomsky
26. Extending and Refining the Propaganda Model
Colin Sparks
27. Large Corporations and the Control of the Communications Industries
Graham Murdock
28. The Publishing Industry
Mark Crispin Miller
29. Speaking Volumes: The Book Publishing Oligopoly and Its Cultural Consequences
Leah F. Binder
30. Government Financial Support to the Film Industry in the United States
Thomas Guback
31.The New Theology of the First Amendment: Class Privilege over Democracy
Robert W. McChesney 
32. Copyright and the Commodification of Culture
Ronald V. Bettig 
33. Stealth Regulation: Moral Meltdown and Political Radicalism at the Federal 
Communications Commission
Andrew Calabrese 
34. Dynamics of Power in Contemporary Media PolicyMaking
Des Freedman 
35. Commercialism and Professionalism in the American News Media
Daniel C. Hallin 
36. The Hidden Side of Television Violence
George Gerbner

Part Five:International Perspectives: The Global, and National, and Local Dynamics of Capitalist Integration
37. The Context: Great Media Debate
Kaarle Nordenstreng 
38. The Processes: From Nationalisms to Transnationals
Jésus MartínBarbero
39. Communication and the Postcolonial NationState: A New Political Economic Research Agenda
Amin Alhassan 
40. Who Speaks for Asia: Media and Information Control in the Global Economy
Gerald SussmanJohn A. Lent
41. Global Productions
Gerald SussmanJohn A. Lent
42. Political Economy and Ethnography: Transformations in an Indian Village
Manjunath Pendakur
43. A Contemporary “Denial of Access”: Knowledge, IPR and the Public Good 
Pradip Thomas 

Part Six: Sites, Agents and Processes of Transformation
44. Rethinking Media and Democracy 
James Curran
45. Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High-Technology Capitalism
Nick Witheford
46. For a Political Economy of Indymedia Practice
Bob Hanke
47. Global Commons, Public Space and Contemporary IPR
Lawrence Liang
48. Who Speaks for the Governed? World Summit on Information Society, Civil Society and the Limits of “Multistakeholderism”
Paula Chakravartty 
文献出处
出版后记

Manufacturing Inequality
The process is not novel. Before the nineteenth century was two decades old, it was clearthat the established vocabulary of "ranks" and "estates" had been over-taken by events. Itwas altogether too rigid to catch capitalisms creative destruction of the old social order. Anew, more flexible, term was needed to describe the emerging pattern of economic divisions.That term was "class." But as John Stuart Mill noted in 1834, the classification of society into” landlords, capitalists and laborers" rapidly became as ossified and a historical as the feudal vision it had displaced. Too many commentators, he complained:
... seem, to think of the distinction of society into those three classes as if it were one of Gods ordinances not mans, and ... scarcely any one of them seems to have proposed to himself as a subject of inquiry, what changes the relations of those classes to one another are likely to undergo in the progress of society,（Quoted in Briggs, 1985: 3）.
Of the various writers who took up the challenge of mapping shifts in class relations, Marx has been by far and away the most enduringly influential. Unfortunately, he diedconceptually intestate. Although he saw class as the axial principle of social division, and class struggle as the principle engine of historical change, he never provided a concise definition of what exactly he meant by a class. As he notes on the final page of the last, and unfinished, volume of his magnum opus, Capital, "What constitutes a class" is the obvious "first question to be answered" in any class analysis （Marx, 1863-7） but, tantalizingly, the manuscript breaks off a few lines later before he offers an answer. Looking across the range of his work, however, we can identify five basic dimensions to his analysis of class:
· class structure
· class formation
· class culture
· class consciousness, and
· class action.
Even his fiercest critics have tended to accept this list as a serviceable agenda for research and debate.

每一种学术思想的发端都不是孤立于社会情境的，传播政治经济学也不例外，其学术发展与资本主义体系在全球范围内的建立、急剧扩张以及与之相抗争的社会运动的发展密切相关。同时，任何一个学科身份与地位的确立，除了其内在学理与研究路径的充实与丰富之外，更重要的推进源泉还在于社会行动与实践力量的相互建构，以及学术流派之间的对话与交锋。莫斯可（Vincent Mosco）以商品化（commodification）、空间化（spatialization）和结构化（structuration）切入传播政治经济学分析（Mosco，1996）；赵月枝把传播政治经济学对传播与社会权力关系的分析模式解构为四个相互关联的主要组成部分，即提供语境（contextualizing）、图绘（mapping）、衡量（measuring／evaluating）与干预（intervening）（赵月枝，2007a；赵月枝、邢国欣，2007）。这个读本，因篇幅局限，难以囊括传播政治经济学范畴全部的认识论、方法论与全球各地本土实践的经验成果，仅以传播政治经济学所主要关切的研究议题为核心，分别从该学派的历史起源与理论基础，方法思索与跨学科对话，广告的权力与受众商品的塑造，产权与盎格鲁一美国语境下的控制，资本主义整合的全球、民族与本土动力，转型的场域、能动性与进程等六个方面建构这个学派批判性的阐释路径。读本的论文组织以英美为主，兼顾其他国家与地区，主流批判中涵盖另类建设，突出对话，在传播与政治经济相互关联、作用的过程中关注多样化的论题，并贯穿阶级、社会性别、种族、国家与区域的研究视野。
一、传播政治经济学的马克思主义学术指向
自从资本主义产生的那一天起，资本主义在带来社会生产力的飞速发展和社会财富的高度积聚的同时，也带来了剥削、压迫、不平等和血腥，包括殖民暴力、法西斯主义、20世纪的两次世界大战和对人类赖以生存的文化和生态系统的侵蚀。因此，意识形态和资本主义制度的再生产、不平等的社会关系在社会文化领域的构建和合法化、马克思和恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中所言的统治阶级的思想是如何成为占统治地位的思想的问题，包括丹·席勒（Dan Schiller）在《罗伯特·A·布莱第的遗产：传播政治经济学的反法西斯起源》一文中所提到的社会文化传播系统是如何把工人阶级的革命直觉（revolutionary instincts）平复和淡化的问题，就成了一个半世纪以来后马克思学者们上下求索的问题。这些学者不断从各自社会情境的“当代性”出发，讨论马克思理论的内容指向和实践品格。马克思理论文本历经着不同国籍的学者解读、诠释与实践，已在世界范围内形成了一个复杂的马克思主义传统。