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Jingdong book

中国公共支出管理与改革

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中国公共支出管理与改革

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《中国公共支出管理与改革》既是从事财政工作26年的梳理和记忆,也是表达对财政改革目标最终实现的期盼。作为国家财政的一个重要方面,公共支出的规模和结构反映了政府活动的范围和内容,公共支出的管理和运用成为国家宏观经济管理的基本手段,关系到各级政府、众多部门或机构、广大民众的切身利益。
Content Description

新中国成立60年以来,与共和国发展同步,我国公共支出管理走过了一条极不平凡的道路。尤其是1998年建立公共财政的目标确立之后,公共支出管理与改革成为财政改革与发展的重中之重。公共支出的重点、结构开始发生显著变化,改变了计划经济时期“大包大揽”的传统做法,初步建成了以部门预算、政府采购、国库集中收付、“收支两条线”管理为核心的公共支出管理制度框架。
Catalogue

导论公共支出管理的责任与使命
一、世界范围内公共支出管理改革的兴起与推进
二、我国公共支出管理改革的历程和成效
三、新时期我国公共支出管理改革的责任与使命

第1章 公共支出管理概述
1.1 公共支出的基本特性与管理难题
1.1.1 公共支出的基本特性
1.1.2 公共支出的管理难题
1.2 公共支出管理的背景与目标
1.2.1 公共支出管理的政策背景
1.2.2 公共支出管理的目标
1.3 公共支出管理的制度框架
1.3.1 公共支出管理的基本框架
1.3.2 公共支出管理的核心制度
1.3.3 三项支出管理制度之间的关系
1.4 公共支出管理的技术基础
1.4.1 政府会计
1.4.2 政府财务报告
1.4.3 支出预测
1.4.4 支出规划
1.4.5 信息与通信技术
1.5 公共支出管理职责的分工与协作
1.5.1 纵向的政府层级之间公共支出管理职责的划分
1.5.2 横向的部门之间公共支出管理职责的划分
1.5.3 在公共支出管理职责划分基础上实现良性协作

第2章 政府收支分类与改革
2.1 政府收支分类的含义和原则
2.1.1 政府收支分类的含义
2.1.2 政府收支分类的原则
2.2 政府收支分类的方法
2.2.1 政府收入的分类方法
2.2.2 政府支出的分类方法
2.3 我国的政府收支分类改革
2.3.1 我国传统政府收支分类存在的主要问题
2.3.2 我国政府收支分类改革的基本原则和主要内容

第3章 部门预算管理与改革
3.1 我国部门预算改革回顾
3.1.1 中央部门预算改革
3.1.2 地方部门预算改革
3.2 我国部门预算管理的现状分析
3.2.1 部门预算改革成效显著
3.2.2 部门预算改革任务艰巨
3.3 完善我国部门预算改革的基本方向
3.3.1 完善部门预算编制
3.3.2 加强部门预算审议
3.3.3 责任分工和机构设置
3.3.4 完善相关配套措施

第4章 国库管理与改革
4.1 市场经济体系下国库的职能和制度
4.1.1 市场经济条件下国库的内涵和特征
4.1.2 市场经济条件下国库的职能
4.1.3 国库单一账户制度
4.2 我国国库集中收付制度改革回顾
4.2.1 我国国库管理制度的发展历史
4.2.2 我国国库集中收付制度改革前的国库管理制度
4.2.3 国库集中收付制度改革的理论基础
4.2.4 我国国库集中收付制度改革的主要内容
4.2.5 我国国库集中收付制度改革的进展和主要成效
4.3 进一步深化国库集中收付制度改革
4.3.1 国库集中收付制度改革中遇到的困难和存在的问题
4.3.2 进一步完善国库集中收付制度
4.4 从国库集中收付到国库现金管理
4.4.1 国库现金管理的内涵和本质
4.4.2 国库现金管理的目标和内容
4.4.3 国际上国库现金管理的一般做法
4.4.4 我国国库现金管理的现实选择

第5章 政府采购管理与改革
5.1 政府采购制度的理论与实践
5.1.1 政府采购制度的理论范畴
5.1.2 国际上推行政府采购的主要做法
5.1.3 政府采购国际经验对我国的启示
5.2 我国政府采购管理改革的成效与问题
5.2.1 我国政府采购制度的改革历程
5.2.2 我国政府采购管理改革的成效
5.2.3 目前我国政府采购存在的主要问题
5.3 推进我国政府采购管理改革与发展
5.3.1 深化政府采购制度改革的基本目标和应遵循的原则
5.3.2 我国政府采购制度的进一步改革与深化

第6章 社会保障预算管理与改革
6.1 社会保障预算管理理论与经验
6.1.1 社会保障预算的理论依据
6.1.2 社会保障预算的国际发展与经验
6.1.3 我国社会保障预算的发展
6.2 我国社会保障预算管理的现状分析
6.2.1 我国社会保障预算管理的总体状况
6.2.2 我国社会保障预算管理存在的问题
6.2.3 建立我国社会保障预算的必要性
6.3 完善我国社会保障预算管理的构想
6.3.1 我国社会保障预算的体制基础
6.3.2 我国社会保障预算的总体设计
6.3.3 我国社会保障预算的制度建设

第7章 国有资本预算管理与改革
7.1 国有资本与公共财政管理
7.1.1 国有资产与国有资本的内涵
7.1.2 国有资本经营预算与政府公共预算的关系
7.2 我国试行国有资本经营预算
7.2.1 试行国有资本经营预算的背景
7.2.2 试行国有资本经营预算的政策要点
7.2.3 中央国有资本经营预算试点情况
7.2.4 我国国有资本经营预算的进一步完善
7.3 我国行政事业性资产预算管理的理论与改革
7.3.1 我国政府行政事业性国有资产管理的理论分析
7.3.2 我国行政事业单位国有资产预算管理的改革

第8章 国债管理与改革
8.1 国债管理的含义及制度
8.1.1 国债管理的含义
8.1.2 国债余额管理制度
8.1.3 国债计划管理制度
8.1.4 国债计划执行制度(或国债发行制度)
8.2 我国国内债务管理制度改革
8.2.1 国内债务管理改革的历程
8.2.2 国内债务管理改革取得的成效
8.2.3 国内债务管理存在的问题及前景展望
8.3 政府外债管理制度改革
……
第9章 政府会计管理与改革
第10章 公共支出的信息化管理与改革
第11章 公共支出的绩效与改革
第12章 公共支出的监督管理与改革
第13章 公共支出责任分配及管理体制优化
Book Abstract

1993年11月,中央提出建立现代企业制度。在此之前的改革基本上是沿着“放权让利”的思路进行的,如利润分成、利改税、承包经营等,都未能触及深层次的产权关系和资产收益分配关系,致使长期困扰国有企业的政企不分、政资不分、产权不清、经营自主权不落实、自我约束及激励机制不健全等问题始终得不到解决。而一旦涉及国有产权制度改革,则有必要正面确定以产权清晰为基本前提的现代企业制度,这样才能在理论上和实践上适应市场经济关于企业改革的客观要求。
1994年在国务院的统一部署下,选择了100家国有企业进行试点工作,试点内容包括:完善企业的法人制度,使企业成为真正独立的法人实体和市场竞争主体;确定企业国有资本投资主体,履行国有资本出资者职能;规范企业的组织形式,即将试点企业改组为国有独资公司、有限责任公司或股份有限公司;建立企业法人治理结构,设立股东会、董事会、监事会和经理层,有效行使决策、监督和执行权;改革企业劳动人事工资制度,实行全员劳动合同制,企业可自主决定工资水平及分配方式;健全企业财务会计制度等。1996年,建立现代企业制度试点企业已遍及全国,达2343家。1999年党的十五届四中全会进一步明确了建立现代企业制度的改革方向,同年12月成立了中央企业工委。2000年3月,国务院发布《国有企业监事会暂行条例》,建立中央企业外派监事会制度,强化国有企业外部监督。对国有企业进行的现代企业制度改革正朝着规范化方向发展。
Introduction

资源的合理配置及其有效利用,是一个国家、政府和公众共同关注的焦点。公共支出体系的建立即源于此。作为国家财政的一个重要方面,公共支出的规模和结构反映了政府活动的范围和内容,公共支出的管理与运用成为国家宏观经济管理的一个基本手段,关系到各级政府、众多部门或机构、广大民众的切身利益,其“牵一发而动全身”的重要地位使其成为一项异乎寻常的系统工程。但在现实中,经济发展与稳定、管理模式与技术变革、政治格局变迁、自然灾害等诸多因素都会对公共支出及其管理产生深刻的影响,进一步增强了公共支出管理的复杂性和困难度。因此,如何正确认识公共支出以及如何管好、用好公共支出资金,是一个永恒的话题。
新中国成立60年以来,与共和国发展同步,我国公共支出管理走过了一条极不平凡的道路。尤其是1998年建立公共财政的目标确立之后,公共支出管理与改革成为财政改革与发展的重中之重。公共支出的重点、结构开始发生显著变化,改变了计划经济时期“大包大揽”的传统做法,初步建成了以部门预算、政府采购、国库集中收付、“收支两条线”管理为核心的公共支出管理制度框架。公共支出的公共性、公平性、公开性、规范性、效益性等特征曰益显著,为促进经济发展和社会进步,为社会主义事业不断开创新局面做出了重大贡献。

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Jingdong book