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Jingdong book

劳动平等论：完善社会主义基本经济制度研究

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Jingdong book

劳动平等论：完善社会主义基本经济制度研究

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社会主义从诞生之初起就面对两大难题，其一是不能消灭商品货币关系；其二是不能实现社会全体成员自己管理国家。市场经济和官僚体制是这个新制度不可缺少的1口部件。当代生产力固有的三重局限，决定了社会主义只能建立在市场经济的基础上。认识到这一点，东方马克思主义者花费了七十年。公有制的内在矛盾决定J-公产代理制度的必然性。要找到防止代理人蜕变的有效制度，社会主义还需要在实践中摸索许多年。《劳动平等论：完善社会主义基本经济制度研究》尝试在历史唯物论的分析框架内逻辑一贯地解析这一历史过程，结合中国实践，给“什么是社会主义”一个与时俱进的答案；为当前经济体制改革辩明方向。
这是一部综合研究社会主义基本经济制度在理论和实践两方面的发展的政治经济学著作。兼有学术性与论战性的双重特点，逻辑的力量与历史叙事结合，创新的勇气与科学方法结合。全书五十万字共计六篇，分别是历史的回顾篇、制度的演进篇、改革与效率篇、自主治理篇、平等竞争篇和劳动平等篇。共二十三章，大体可分为两类：一类是回顾社会主义制度演化历史，辨析社会主义不同流派的理论观点，构建在马克思主义分析框架内逻辑自洽的社会主义范畴体系；一类是深入中国经济体制改革现实，分析改革的成就与问题，有针对性地提出政策思路。为准确理解现实状况，一些章节对有争议的现实问题，采用统计分析或案例分析的方法做深入的研究。这既是论辩的需要，也不失为这本理论著作的又一特点。
Author Description

荣兆梓，1949年生，中共党员，教授，博导。曾任安徽大学经济学院院长；现任中国《资本论》研究会常务理事，安徽经济学会副会长。获国务院特殊津贴。在《经济研究》等期刊发表论文百余篇，获安徽省社科优秀成果一等奖二次。
Catalogue

第一篇 历史的回顾
第一章 社会主义理论的两个跨世纪问题
一 市场经济与当代生产力
二 公有制的内在矛盾
第二章 列宁模式的形成及其不足
一 关于社会主义的两个制度要点
二 从集体管理到“一长制”
三 关于新经济政策
四 列宁模式的历史地位
第三章 由苏联实践引发的社会主义理论争论
一 考茨基从社会民主主义立场对苏联模式的批判
二 斯大林模式的形成及性质
三 托洛茨基对斯大林模式的批判及对其批判的评论
第四章 市场社会主义模式评析
一 南斯拉夫自治式市场社会主义模式
二 国家市场社会主义模式
三 约翰·罗默市场社会主义模式述评

第二篇 制度的演进
第五章 计划经济下社会主义实验的失败及教训
一 斯大林模式在中国的形成
二 “人民公社运动”的探索与失败
三 “文化大革命”的探索与失败
四 社会主义理论若干重大问题的再探讨
第六章 社会主义市场经济及其理论进展
一 邓小平关于什么是社会主义的理论探索
二 社会主义市场经济理论在实践中逐步展开
三 我们今天所理解的社会主义经济制度
四 发展模式转换与社会主义经济制度
五 完善基本经济制度的五大议程
第七章 六十年所有制结构演变及其效率研究
一 完整的公有经济倒U字线及其效率猜想
二 中国60年来所有制结构的演变
三 经济效率分析
四 研究结论及一点遗憾

第三篇 改革与效率
第八章 国有企业改革：成就与问题
一 改革成就：结构与效率
二 国有资产管理体制改革滞后及其后果
三 大国资委体制的根本性问题
第九章 国有企业的相对效率分析
一 前期研究成果及其不足
二 国有企业与非国有企业技术效率比较
三 竞争性领域国有企业与非国有企业技术效率比较
四 研究结论与政策含义
第十章 国有垄断企业利润来源分析
一 国有企业的利润来源仅仅是垄断吗？
二 技术效率对于国有企业利润稳定的解释力
三 垄断企业内部效率增长得益于外部效率损失吗？
四 国有企业垄断的内部效率和外部效率
五 研究结论及政策含义
……

第四篇 自主治理
第五篇 平等竞争
第六篇 劳动平等
Book Abstract

为什么会出现不同意见呢？原因可能与两个认识不一致有关：一是对市场准人制度的认识不一致；二是对垄断领域改革目标的认识不一致。
（1）市场准入制度是市场经济中政府规制的重要内容，与市场失灵的必然性有关，适当运用的市场准人制度，包括为改善市场供给质量，减少不必要的过度竞争而采取的审批程序、资格限制等，都是有利于提高效率的。当然审批的条件和标准都应该以企业的禀赋差距为依据，而不应该采取所有制歧视，或者其他不适合经济规律的歧视性标准。两个“非公36条”的目的都在于清除市场准人制度中的所有制歧视，保证制度的公平与公正，促进不同所有制经济的平等竞争。清除市场准入制度中的所有制歧视，不等于清除市场准入制度本身。贯彻两个“非公36条”也不等于取消所有的审批程度和资格限制。这就需要有对下位文件的重新修订。长期以来在计划经济体制下形成的政策法规、管理体制、办事程序，包括市场准入制度在各行各业的细则，对民营企业的发展都有不同程度的歧视和影响。这需要对各级政府文件中有关内容逐篇、逐条、逐段加以审查，废止其中违背双“36条”的规定，建立符合文件精神的新规定。对两个“36条”实施效果的批评来自两个方面：一是一部分相关部门对修改旧文件不热心，影响到文件精神的贯彻落实，这种做法理应受到批评；二是一部分当事人将清除所有制歧视理解为清除所有的市场准入限制，因此对政府的作为不满意，对此需要说理解释，以消除误解。
（2）垄断领域改革目标不是私有化，向私营经济打开市场准人的大门，并不等于承诺国有经济从这些产业领域的大规模退出。相反，从以公有制为主体的基本经济制度的要求出发，国家希望通过开放的、平等的市场竞争提高国有经济的实力，保持和增强国有经济在关键领域的控制力。2006年国资委出台了《关于推进国有资本调整和国有企业重组的指导意见》，明确提出电信、能源等七大行业将由国有经济控制，这不是颠覆“非公36条”放开市场准人的精神，而恰恰是与“非公36条”相配套的必要措施。当然，国有经济应当在平等竞争的市场环境下实现这一目标，这也是国资委这些年一直在推进的工作。改革不是对公有制经济的不断侵蚀，而是在平等竞争中公、私经济的相互促进。
……

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