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Jingdong book

现代应用心理学丛书：人才心理学

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Jingdong book

现代应用心理学丛书：人才心理学

Name: 现代应用心理学丛书：人才心理学
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3116007521
Price: 22.41 USD
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《现代应用心理学丛书：人才心理学》从人才问题与心理学的关系出发，对人才心理学的研究对象、研究内容、研究方法进行了阐述，通过对人才心理特点、成才与用才过程的心理规律等的讨论，初步建立了人才心理学的学科框架。书中通过科技人才、艺术人才、妇女人才心理特点的论述，可使读者对人才心理学的研究思路和研究方法等有一个较深入的了解；通过对人才使用中应注意的心理学问题的分析，为更好地开发人才潜力提供了理论依据。

Catalogue

第一章绪论
第一节人才概述
一、人才的概念
二、人才的分类
三、人才的重要性
第二节人才心理学研究的意义
一、有助于培养大批人才，满足时代发展的要求
二、有利于提高人才素质，迎接新的挑战
三、有利于人才管理的科学化，提高人才的使用效率
四、有利于发展和完善心理科学的研究内容和方法
第三节人才心理学的研究对象与任务
一、人才心理学的研究对象
二、人才心理学的研究任务
第四节人才心理学的理论基础
一、普通心理学理论
二、人才学理论
三、行为科学理论
四、社会心理学理论
第五节人才心理学的研究方法
一、人才心理学研究的指导思想
二、人才心理学研究的基本原则
三、人才心理学研究的具体方法

第二章智力因素与成才
第一节智力因素概述
一、智力概述
二、智力结构
三、智力高低与成才的关系
第二节各智力因素与成才
一、各智力因素对成才的作用分析
二、各智力因素对成才的影响程度分析
第三节创造性思维与成才
一、创造性思维概述
二、直觉思维与成才
三、灵感与成才
四、创造性思维的培养

第三章非智力因素与成才
第一节非智力因素概述
一、非智力因素
二、非智力因素的作用机理
三、非智力因素与成才的关系
第二节各非智力因素与成才
一、情绪、情感与成才
二、意志与成才
第三节个性与成才
一、个性概述
二、个性与成才的关系
三、成才者的个性特征
……
第四章社会心理因素与成才
第五章各类人才的心理
第六章心理测验与人才选拔
第七章激励心理与人才使用
第八章心理健康与人才保护

Book Abstract

从模型看，认知有24种能力，除了行为这一“立柱”外，还有18个小立方体。在这18个小立方体中，现已知道了15种独特的认知能力。如符号单元认知能力，语义单元认知能力，模型第二横排的类别认知力，第三横排的关系认知力，第四横排的系统认知力，第五横排的变换认知力，第六横排的蕴含认知力等。
认知能力是创造的基础。它的作用在于了解材料、发现问题。吉尔福特将认知力比作归纳法，认为认知力本身就是创造。有创造性的人可以根据一连串类似的经验而归纳出一种概念或原理、原则，发明一种新方法来了解某种难以认识的信息，发觉别人不易发觉的问题。认知力是影响创造性的一种重要因素。
（2）记忆力。记忆力是保持已知的信息的能力。记忆力包括测验一系列字母或数字的记忆广度的符号单元记忆力；对一段文章意思记忆的语义单元记忆力；记忆各种物体在空间排列上的图形系统记忆力；对各种事件顺序性记忆的语义系统记忆力等。
吉尔福特认为，记忆力对人的创造性没有直接的贡献，只有在创造者需要联想时，为其提供记忆中所存储的有关材料，增加灵感的发生。
（3）发散思维能力。发散思维能力指寻求变异，从多方面探索问题答案的思维形式，它具有流畅性、变通性、独特性。这三性都能在模型中找到相应的位置。
发散思维的第一横排的第二竖列是符号单元发散思维力，表明字词的流畅性；第三横排的语义关系发散思维力、符号关系的发散思维力，表明联想的流畅性；第四横排系统产物中，要求被试快速组成短语或句子，是测验表达流畅性的；第五横排第三竖列的立方块是语义转换发散思维力，表明独创性的指标。
发散思维的三性是创造性的具体表现，因此它在创造过程中具有十分重要的地位。
（4）聚合思维能力。聚合思维指依据已有信息，对面临的问题找到一个正确的答案的思维形式。
心理学中通常进行的图形排列测验（向被试提供一些毫无次序的图片，要求被试按最佳的合乎逻辑的顺序排列）就是测验图形系统的聚合思维能力，即模型上的聚合思维这一维度的第四横排第一竖列交叉处的立方块。演绎推理的测验（A比B小，A比C大，问B与C谁大）.实际上是测验语义蕴含聚合思维能力，即模型上这一维度的第六横排第三竖列的小立方块。
吉尔福特认为，发散思维和聚合思维是两种创造性思维过程，它们能从已知的信息和回忆的信息中产生新的信息，是创造活动中两种重要的心理成分。
（5）评价能力。评价能力指对创造性思维中所产生的任何新信息的优劣性、正确性、适用性及稳定性等各方面进行评定的能力。
3.产物
产物（产品）是指运用上述智力操作所得到的结果。吉尔福特将产物分为6种：（1）单位，即一个独立的信息，如一个字、一句话、一条原理、一件东西等。（2）类别，即一组具有共同特征的单位，通常所说的概念就属于这种产物。（3）关系，即根据某一变项而将一条信息与另一条信息串联起来形成的一种关系，如大小、正反、明暗、好坏等。由于事物之间的关系常常是错综复杂的，有的关系是明的，有的关系是暗的，因此，发明创造就是对信息间新关系的揭示。（4）系统，经过组织的各项信息即系统。系统可大可小，可简单可复杂。一门学科属于系统，解答一个问题也可称为系统。（5）转换，对信息所做的任何一种改变都可产生转换的产物，如意义的改变、用途的改变等都属于转换的产物。（6）蕴含，是指对信息的旁证、推论与预测等。蕴含在科学创造上占有非常重要的地位，科学史上有很多从已知推测未知的事实，即是蕴含。
……

Introduction

由《心理世界》编辑部及河、南大学心理学教研室牵头组织、河南大学出版社出版的《现代应用心理学丛书》破胎问世了。这的确是值得庆贺的一件大好事！这套丛书的出版是心理学出版物中独领风骚的大工程。它的历史意义将在下一世纪显示出来，因为21世纪将是我国心理学大有作为的时代。
当今社会各个领域对心理学的需求越来越迫切，这为心理学的应用提供了广阔的天地，但同时也给心理学带来了一些问题。由于种种原因，我国的心理学研究不够发达，受过心理学专业训练的心理学者很少，远远跟不上社会发展的需要。在这种情况下，一些未受过心理学专业训练的人也以“心理学家”的身份涉足到心理学应用领域。似乎心理学人人都能搞，心理学家人人都能当。这是一种极大的误解。
心理学是一门以实证方法为研究基础的严肃科学。应用心理学与基础心理学没有本质的区别。应用心理学家首先是心理学家，他们与其他心理学家一样，应受到心理学知识与研究方法的严格训练，方能有资格、有能力地去解决复杂的应用问题。除此以外，应用心理学家为了解决实际问题，还必须具备该领域的一般知识和经验。因此，要对应用心理学家提出更高的要求。
所有的科学都具有一个共同的本质的东西，那就是科学方法，心理学是将这种基础性的方法用于人类行为研究。所以，应用心理学者必须受到许多研究方法上的训练。

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