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泡泡心理学 成为最好的自己

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《泡泡心理学:成为zui好的自己》不送“鸡汤”,只做真材实料且有趣的心理学“大餐”。

心理学教授从专业的角度为你指点迷津,让你更懂自己,更了解他人的身体密码和行为背后的秘密,活出轻松的自我。

“暖男”欧巴才是走上人生巅峰的“zui终赢家”?《秘密花园》有秘密?拖延真的会有瘾?《芈月传》里的人为何性情会大变?老板真的喜欢听谏言吗?什么样的团队zui优秀?幸福有方程?……身边事例,深入分析,你总能找到你熟悉的场景。


Content Description

世无火眼金睛,多数时候我们会被各种框框迷住双眼。换一个角度,也许就能豁然开朗。《泡泡心理学:成为zui好的自己》分生活、职场、情感三个模块,以科学的态度、专业的精神,探讨了诸如人的性格问题、拖延克服、职场建言、团队构建、幸福提升等与个人休戚相关的话题,揭示生活表面背后的心理秘密,让人更好地认识、理解和规划生活。

Author Description

段锦云,应用心理学博士,苏州大学心理学系教授、博导。苏州大学“东吴学者”。国内外十多本期刊匿名审稿人,国家自然科学基金通讯评审专家。在国内外核心期刊共发表论文一百多篇。现主持国家自然科学基金项目(71372180),曾主持完成国家自然科学基金青年项目(70902056)、教育部人文社科青年项目(09YJCZH087)。曾获江苏省“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师资助。

Catalogue

目录



第一篇 生活的滋味



“啊哈,原来运动这么爽”

“起来嗨”还是“滚去睡”?

模仿与社会适应

内向的力量

网络暴力几时休?

桑代克的猫vs.薛定谔的猫

用星座来判断人的性格到底可不可靠?

由“暖男”看温暖特质

著名的心理学实验:认识最真实的自我

旁观者清?旁观者清!

关于白日梦,你可能不知道的……

如何克服拖延之“瘾”?

如何通过音乐来减压?

《秘密花园》的秘密

五彩的世界,缤纷的美

同样的价格,你会选择圆形比萨还是方形比萨?

想让别人听你的话?那得懂Mentalizing

想提高自己的魅力值吗?穿红色试试吧!

新年计划背后的心理学

为什么有人向我抱怨一件事时,我却觉得错在

Ta本身?

《芈月传》之人性到底是个什么鬼?

《芈月传》之权力到底是个什么鬼?



第二篇 职场的进阶



“华尔街之狼”翻船记:过于算计易越轨?

“天赋异禀”还是“红颜祸水”?

如何对新兴趋势保持注意?

为什么每天需要一杯Double Mocha?

职场中表现主动一定有利吗?

中国员工为何不喜建言?

你是个敢唱反调的Hardcore吗?

如何让你的谏言得到老板的认可?

什么时候向老板建言更有效?

古人的进谏艺术

激励促进or心好累

什么才是优秀的团队?

你们团队,是该集权,还是分权?

像男人一样思考,收入会更高

在公司,你心存恐惧吗?



第三篇 幸福的方程



什么是幸福?

如何提升幸福:幸福的十个原理

过快乐的生活,还是有意义的生活?

善的力量

唯有怀旧不曾闲

我并没有你想象的悲伤或快乐

欺负你是想靠近你:爱恋中的反向形成防御机制

是什么让我选择了你?

颜值在选择伴侣中的性别差异

钻石的永恒能否让婚姻持久?

为什么得不到的永远在骚动?


参考读物


Book Abstract

由“暖男”看温暖特质



全球变暖的今天,“暖男”这种生物也带着温暖的气息频繁出现在人们的视野中,并获得了人们的广泛关注和讨论,他们身上有着阳光般的、能给人带来温暖感觉的气质,给当下这个追求新鲜刺激的浮躁社会带来了不一样的气息。事实上,暖,作为一种人的特质并非是最近才诞生的,而是早就出现在心理学的研究领域中了。

自从所罗门·阿希(Solomon Asch)将“温暖(warm)”和“寒冷(cold)”描述为个体不同的人格特质后,“心理温暖(psychological warmth)”这一概念就在社会认知和人际交往的相关研究中占据了重要的位置。具备温暖特质的人通常被认为是友好的、善良的和值得信任的。对于一个陌生人的第一印象是否“是温暖的”,在很大程度上决定了人们会把对方看作是一个潜在的朋友还是仅仅一个路人。

研究显示,具备温暖特质的人在职场、人际和情感领域都表现得更加出色。


“暖男”的职场——“更吃香”


研究表明,在工作场合,人们关于个体是否具备温暖特质的评价结果会影响到对其未来工作能力和工作绩效的预估,从而影响个体在职场中地位的高低。卡洛斯·托雷利(Carlos J. Torelli)和他的合作者们(2014)研究发现:文化差异会影响评价者对目标个体温暖特质的认知,从而影响对他们行为的评价和预期。

89名平均年龄为33.7岁的成年人参与了卡洛斯·托雷利等人的研究实验,他们被要求回忆一个自己熟悉的拥有较高地位的目标人物,并填写一份6点量表对其作出评价,该量表包含竞争性特质的项目(如有野心的、精力充沛的、有创造力的),以及温暖性特质的项目(如体贴的、友好的、慷慨的)。完成评价后,被试被要求填写一份包含16个项目的量表测量其个人主义和集体主义倾向。数据分析发现,个人主义倾向的个体相比于集体主义倾向的个体,更倾向于对较高地位的目标人物作出竞争性的评价,而集体主义倾向的个体则更倾向于对其作出温暖性的评价。

研究人员之后选取了来自两种不同文化群体的被试开展进一步的实验,被试包括63名平均年龄为39.5岁的欧洲裔美洲人和101名平均年龄为38.9岁的拉丁裔美洲人,两组被试的平均工作经验都在15—16年。实验要求被试回忆自己为了职位升迁而采取过的行动,并通过7点量表对行为的频次进行评定。结果发现,个人主义倾向的个体(欧洲裔美洲人)在争取职位提升时倾向于采取竞争性的行为表现,而集体主义倾向的个体(拉丁裔美洲人)则倾向于通过温暖性的行为来争取职位提升。

研究的第三部分选取了58名大学生被试,随机呈现给其同一家公司的两名员工的绩效考核结果,包括3个竞争性维度和3个温暖性维度。之后要求被试通过一份7点量表对两名员工的状态作出评价(如是否拥有高职位、是否受到尊敬等),最后同样完成一份关于测量个人主义和集体主义倾向的量表。结果发现,高个人主义倾向的评价者,会对竞争性维度得分高的个体作出“拥有更高地位”的评价;而高集体主义倾向的评价者,会对温暖性维度得分高的个体作出“拥有更高地位”的评价。

研究者结合了地位特质理论(Status Characteristics Theory)来解释实验的结果。地位特质理论揭示了在任务导向的团队中,为什么有些成员能够获得团队其他成员的尊重,而有些不能:在特定的工作环境中,某些特质与个体未来工作业绩的预期相关,而个体是否被认为具备这些特质就决定了其能否获得职位的提升,这些特质就被称为“地位特质”。组织成员认为具备地位特质的人能够取得更高的业绩,因此乐于提供给他们更高的地位;反之,那些不具备这些特质的人则被分配到较低的职位。研究者认为,地位特质是与组织的文化取向有关的,即在个人主义取向的工作环境中,竞争性是地位特质;而在集体主义取向的工作环境中,温暖性的特质则更受青睐。

这个结论或许可以解释为什么很多高学历、高能力的“海归”无法很好地适应国内工作环境,“海(盐)水养殖惯了不适应淡水养殖”,就是因为他们缺少这种温暖特质。受传统儒家文化数千年洗礼的中国自古以来就盛行集体主义,在国内的工作环境中温暖特质会让个体获得更高的工作评价和职位提升。而那些自小受西方文化价值观熏陶的“海归”,带着个人主义回国工作难免会面临文化差异带来的不适应。当一个组织处于转型期或员工职责界限模糊时期等特殊阶段,比本职工作“多走一步”,积极采取角色外行为会变得十分重要。在奉行个人主义的西方世界,竞争性特质更受关注,但是在一个讲究协作的组织中,温暖特质显然会让个体获得更多的支持和发展机遇。


“暖男”的婚姻——“更稳定”


暖男不仅在特定的工作环境中更容易获得较高的社会支持和发展机遇,心理学家还提出,温暖特质还会关系到婚姻的幸福感和稳定性。

心理学家的调查发现,外表、经济收入等在婚姻关系和个人幸福感中的作用并没有看起来那么重要,能够较好预测婚姻质量的是大五人格量表中的亲和力指标。亲和力高的人往往善解人意、体贴友善、值得信赖,这就是本文提及的温暖特质。彭凯平教授还指出,由于亲和力是一种相对稳定持久的人格特质,所以对长期的婚姻关系有着非常积极的作用。这一结论恰好可以解释如今社会暖男大受欢迎的现象。


“温暖”的胖子更不会受到歧视


莱文和史怀哲(Levine & Schweitzer,2015)研究发现,人们通常把肥胖的人联想为低能力的,而低能力会引起人们情感上的反应,如厌恶、同情,以及行为上的反应,如更少帮助、更多伤害。但是,笔者发现,具有温暖特质的胖子,受到这些偏见和对待的几率大大降低。所以,笔者认为,做一个温暖特质的人,如减肥一样,能减少别人对一个胖子的偏见。


温暖的拥抱有助于对抗病毒


生理健康和心理健康总是息息相关的,比如,人际关系紧张和人际冲突,会给心理和生理都带来潜在的负面影响,甚至会降低人体的免疫能力,使人们更加容易患上疾病。无独有偶,科恩等(Cohen et al., 2015)研究发现,温暖的拥抱有助于对抗病毒。科恩等招募了四百多名被试参与实验,让他们真实地暴露在流感病毒的威胁之下,观察感染病毒情况或患病症状与感受到的社会支持、与他人拥抱的频率之间的关系。在接触病毒之前,所有的被试都进行了一系列的身体检查与测试,并控制了他们的流感易感性等等相关的因素,并对他们进行了连续两周的追踪访问,调查他们的人际互动情况以及与他人拥抱的频率。之后,在被试的鼻腔内进行流感病毒培养,并持续监测被试的身体状况以及流感病毒感染情况。结果显示,报告感受到的社会支持越多的人,越不容易感染病毒或是表现出的感冒症状越轻。同时,拥抱也表现出类似的保健作用,且能解释较大一部分社会支持对感冒病毒的抵御作用,暗示拥抱在传递社会支持过程中起到了重要作用。


“身越暖,心越暖”


温暖特质是可以通过措施来塑造的。2008年发表在Science上的一篇文章发现:身体上温暖或寒冷体验能够对应地提升人际交往中的温暖或冷漠行为。文章作者劳伦斯·威廉斯(Lawrence E. Williams)和约翰·巴奇(John A. Bargh)设置了两组同质大学生被试,一组手握热咖啡,一组手握冷咖啡,一段时间后要求被试对目标人物的10种特质作出评价。结果发现,手握热咖啡的被试相比于对照组(握冷咖啡)会作出更加温暖性的评价。在另一个试验中,53名被试被要求手捧或热或冷的治疗垫一小会儿,然后让他们判断这个产品的质量,之后让被试选择实验报酬,结果发现,手持热治疗垫的被试倾向于选择可以赠送给朋友的礼物,而手持冷治疗垫的被试则更多地选择奖励给自己的礼物。因此,研究者得出结论:身体上的温暖可以促进个体对人际交往中温暖的感知以及个体作出温暖行为。

这一结论与强调生理体验与心理状态之间有着强联系的具身认知理论一致。事实上,早就有学者提出,人的性格、行为方式可能受寒冷的生活环境的影响。例如,俄罗斯拥有漫长而寒冷的冬季,这种寒冷的气候环境一定程度上塑造了俄罗斯的民族性格,即冷酷、肃穆、忧郁、坚忍等;俄罗斯精神中忧郁的灵魂、感伤主义和受难的精神,曾经是其19世纪文学的主题。冰雪和严冬不仅给俄罗斯人带来了阴沉和压抑,也把他们更多地限制在室内花大量的时间饮酒取暖,酗酒带来的暴力也让俄罗斯人给外界留下了暴躁易怒的印象。相反,一些热带地区,如一些赤道附近国家或太平洋岛国,国民热情开朗,与严寒地区国家的国民性格差异明显。

拥有温暖特质的人不仅工作中更得心应手,人际交往中更受欢迎,更不容易得病,而且婚姻生活也更加稳定持久,堪称“人生赢家”!因此,我们是否也应该努力成为一个温暖的人,多走一步,关爱他人和社会,积极面对生活,去体验更温暖的人生呢?!


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Yami-China FC

Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

Return Policy

You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book