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药物化学总论(第三版)

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《药物化学总论(第三版)》以化学的视角,讨论药物与机体的相互作用,从药物分子的化学结构出发,结合物理化学性质,讨论与药理活性、药代动力学行为、毒副作用的依存关系。为了理解药物作用的分子基础,《药物化学总论(第三版)》在介绍基础知识的基础上,注重药物化学与药理学的结合界面。药物构效关系、分子设计方法和策略等是本书的重点。
《药物化学总论(第三版)》可供药科研究生、教师和从事药物研究人员参考。
Catalogue

《现代化学基础丛书》序
前言
第1版序
第1章 绪论
1.1 药物化学的定义和范围
1.2 药物与药物化学发展的回顾
1.2.1 以天然活性物质为主的药物发现时期
1.2.2 以合成药物为主的药物发展时期
1.2.3 药物分子设计时期
1.3 药物化学与其他学科的关系
1.3.1 化学是构建和表征药物分子的主要手段
1.3.2 生物学在多层面上改变并丰富了药物化学的内容
1.4 本书的内容
参考文献

第2章 药物的化学结构与药代动力学
2.1 药物的宏观性质和微观结构
2.2 药物在体内的过程
2.2.1 药剂相
2.2.2 药代动力相
2.2.3 药效相
2.3 药代动力学及其参数
2.3.1 表观分布容积
2.3.2 清除率
2.3.3 半衰期
2.3.4 曲线下面积
2.3.5 生物利用度
2.3.6 隔室观念
2.4 药物的化学结构与吸收
2.4.1 生物膜
2.4.2 药物在消化道的吸收
2.4.3 药物的化学结构对吸收的影响
2.4.4 离体细胞模拟肠中吸收
2.5 药物的化学结构与分布
2.5.1 分子大小对分布的影响
2.5.2 亲脂性对分布的影响
2.5.3 氢键形成能力对分布的影响
2.5.4 电荷对分布的影响
2.5.5 药物的化学结构与组织成分或蛋白结合的关系
2.5.6 碱性药物对分布容积和持续时间的影响
2.6 药物的化学结构与生物转化
2.6.1 一般概念
2.6.2 药物代谢的两个阶段
2.6.3 氧化反应的重要酶系
2.6.4 氧化反应
2.6.5 还原反应
2.6.6 水解反应
2.6.7 轭合反应
2.6.8 影响药物代谢的因素
2.7 药物的化学结构与消除过程
2.7.1 药物经肾排除
2.7.2 药物经胆汁排除
参考文献

第3章 药物作用的靶标和活性测定
第4章 药物作用的理化基础
第5章 药物的化学结构与生物活性的关系
第6章 定量构效关系
第7章 酶抑制剂
第8章 肽模拟物
第9章 手性药物
第10章 化学治疗药物
第11章 药物分子设计方法
第12章 药物分子设计的策略
中文索引
英文索引
Introduction

药物化学是一门应用基础学科,讨论的内容和涉及的范围非常广泛。在传统药物化学的基础上,分子生物学技术、生物信息学和结构生物学向药物研究中融入,为研制药物不断提供新的作用靶标,以靶标为核心成为新药研究的主导模式;组合方法和通量筛选,虚拟筛选和计算机辅助分子设计等方法的广泛应用,丰富了新药研发的途径;生命科学、化学生物学、计算机科学与新药创制的密切结合,以及研制药物的新策略、新方法的问世,充实了药物化学的内容,促进了学科的发展。药物化学己由经验性的学科发展成有理论支撑的成熟学科。
迄今国内出版的药物化学著作,大都是以药学院校学生为读者对象的教学参考书,主要以药物的药效类型为分类基础,介绍各类药物的药性、制备、性质和临床用途,这对药科学生学习药物化学的基础知识是非常必要的。
本书则是我在五十余年从事药物分子设计与合成研究以及二十多年来在中国协和医科大学研究生院讲授高等药物化学课程的实践基础上编写而成的,在读者已经具备药物化学基础知识的基础上,着重讨论药物化学的一般规律,从化学角度讨论药物的作用原理和分子设计。
分析药物的化学结构与生物活性间的关系,研究药物分子与生物靶标的相互作用,是药物化学的核心,因而是贯穿本书的主线。
本书从药物的化学结构出发,结合药物的物理和化学性质,重点讨论药物的生物活性与化学结构的依存关系,具体表现在以下诸方面:
(1)从分子水平和化学结构上阐明药物在体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄等药代动力学过程的一般规律(第2章)。
(2)药物对机体作用产生药效和(或)毒理,本质上是药物分子与靶标相互作用的结果。第3、4章从分子水平讨论这种相互作用的物理化学基础。
(31讨论药物的化学结构、构型、构象和基团的变换对生物活性影响的一般规律,阐述结构.活性关系的经验性规律(第5章)。
(4)药物定量构效关系的研究包括二维和三维定量构效关系方法,由于能够定量地描述药物的化学结构和药代性质与药效作用的关系,对于揭示药物作用的分子本质,指导新药设计具有重要作用,这在第6章作了较详细的介绍。
f5)酶抑制剂在药物中占有突出的地位,药物化学中许多原理是由研究酶抑制剂形成的,第7章讨论酶抑制剂的作用特征和设计原理。
(6)肽类化合物具有多种多样的生物活性,但因一些固有的缺点而难以直接作为药物,用有机小分子模拟肽的药效团分布,是发现和优化先导化合物重要途径,第8章讨论了肽模拟物的设计原理和应用。
(7)机体内环境的非对称性,决定了对外源性物质的摄取、处置和与靶标相互作用的立体特异性要求,手性药物在药物化学和新药创制中占有特殊地位,第9章阐述了手性药物的作用特征。
(8)化学治疗药物的作用对象是外源性病原体,作为选择性毒性的化疗药物,有其特殊的作用规律和要求,因而以病原体的生化和生理过程为线索,在第10章简要讨论这类药物的作用方式和设计原理。
(9)药物分子设计是药物化学的主要任务之一,本书第11章对药物分子设计的一般原理和方法作了简要介绍,使读者对此有一系统的了解,为进一步学习和掌握设计方法与技巧作一引导。
(10)新药研发属于周期长、投入大、风险高的技术创新领域,先导物的发现、优化和候选药物的确定是创新药物的基础,第12章讨论了药物分子设计的策略,旨在阐述新药研发早期规划的重要性。药理作用和成药性是新药的两个互相依存的侧面,药物分子的微观结构与宏观性质的关系,药物的分子骨架与药效团的相互依赖,药效性质、药代性质、物化性质和安全性质的和谐匹配,都反映了新药研发的这种内在关系。
编写本书的目的,力图阐述药物化学的基本原理,药物化学与相关学科和领域的衔接界面,并反映当前药物化学和分子设计的现状和发展动向,希望能对从事药物化学科研与教学、药物研究与开发的读者以及药学专业的本科生和研究生有参考价值。
然而,药物化学涉及的学科、领域、技术和方法,其深度与广度,远非我能力所及,我的有限才识不足以准确地把握药物化学的全貌,所以在某些原理的阐述、资料的取舍、内容的编排和文字的表述等方面出现的疏漏是在所难免的,敬希读者指正。
本书出版得到中国科学院科学出版基金资助,特致感谢。
最后,我愿感谢我的妻子欧阳蓉女士对本书所作的付出,是她的理解和帮助使本书稿得以完成。

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