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离线·黑客

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离线·黑客

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1. 黑客(hacker),并不是指非法入侵网络的破坏者,它的本意是指能在计算机上创造艺术与美的人。近年来,从硅谷Facebook对“The Hacker Way”(黑客之道)的极力推崇,到“hackathon”(黑客马拉松)在顶尖程序员和科技爱好者之间的盛行。都意味着,代表着创新、自由、分享与开放的黑客文化的回归与重新流行。
2. 黑客史就是一部计算机史。史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克、比尔·盖茨、理查德·斯托曼、马克·扎克伯格等著名黑客的传奇个人史,见证了个人计算机革命、开源运动、硅谷互联网商业的发展,而新涌现的“生物黑客”、“创客”等黑客精神的继承者,将引领着技术的未来。
3. 天才黑客、信息自由的捍卫者、被誉为“互联网之子”的Aaron Swartz的意外逝世,让人们重新思考互联网前进的方向,在任何一个时代,黑客都将挑战主流观念,促进人们反思。

Content Description

极客文化的源头是黑客文化,极客精神的精髓在于黑客精神。本期《离线·黑客》以“遗产”专栏开篇,讲述了“黑客的诞生”以及乔布斯和家酿计算机俱乐部的故事。专题用四篇文章详细介绍了黑客文化在当下的新发展:利维重访技术巨头和理想主义者、生物黑客破解DNA生命密码、亚伦·斯沃茨推动“信息共享自由”,以及技术批评家对DIY创客和政治社会本质的反思。无论是生物黑客和DIY创客的实践,还是亚伦·斯沃茨的抗争,都是黑客精神在当代的延续。
“前沿”探讨了无人驾驶汽车走出Google X实验室,在近未来成为现实的可能性;“工具”介绍了纳博科夫的卡片写作法,以及50位写作者独特的撰文工具;“写作”收录了一篇算法改变世界的科幻小说;“缓读”则讲述了三个科技记者的故事和一种消亡的媒介。

赠送GitCafe定制黑客肖像海报

Catalogue

离线002黑客
遗产
黑客的诞生
-家酿计算机俱乐部通讯发刊辞
-一名黑客的肖像
-黑客伦理
专题
极客力量——重访技术巨头、电脑黑客与理想主义者
1984年,史蒂文?利维的《黑客》问世,为当时的读者展现了个人计算机脑革命中的关键人物。近30年后,利维重访这些黑客。他们或已成为商业巨头,或仍坚守着理想主义者的阵地。更重要的是,利维勾勒出了新一代黑客的肖像:他们不与商业为敌,而是将其为己所用,利用商业途径尽可能地传播自己的理念。黑客们仍会成为下一轮革命浪潮中的英雄。
生物黑客的黎明
-解码生命软件的人——克雷格?文特尔访谈
“生物黑客”继承了黑客精神。他们就像老一代黑客操控计算机代码一样去操控基因代码。无论是寻找特定DNA片段的基因捕手、好奇的基因测序者,还是渴望创造合成生命的独立生物工程师,他们都是更广阔的生物DIY文化中的一员。在计算机如此普及的今天,这群人的存在是黑客精神仍然不死的原因。
理想主义者
RSS、Reddit、“知识共享”、“开放图书馆”、Markdown,这只是亚伦?斯沃茨参与的众多项目中极小的一部分。这个年轻的当代黑客深受理查德?斯托曼的影响,所做的每一个项目都旨在推动“信息自由”。然而,在政治和开放获取方面的雄心壮志,却使他陷入了一场旷日持久的法律噩梦。2013年1月11日,亚伦?斯沃茨自杀身亡。
创客“革命”?
“创客运动”是一场革命吗?DIY精神代表着当代的黑客精神吗?科技互联网批评家叶夫根尼?莫罗佐夫把矛头对准了如火如荼的“创客运动”。他认为:把创客和最初的黑客们做一番比较,这是创客们自己喜欢的比较。单纯地把更多技术交到个人手里,并不能促成解放,更为关键的是政治社会的本质。畅谈“友好的工具”却不仔细考察工具所处的政治与社会结构,这毫无意义。
前沿
自动纠错:无人驾驶汽车离我们还有多远?
-无人驾驶汽车的九个细节
-拆解无人驾驶汽车
-无人驾驶汽车是怎样工作的?
工具
纳博科夫的卡片
构建写作环境:五十位写作者的工具箱
写作
开光
缓读
三个科技记者的故事
一种消亡的媒介

Book Abstract

有一天,我收到一个写作任务,要我去采访一群叫“黑客”的人群。那时大概是1981年,此前我从未碰过计算机,对此所知甚少。当时,作家圈子里的一个争议就是作家是否该用电子打字机创作,这种敲一行存一行的机器。很多人认为:“嘿伙计,谁会把这么丑的玩意儿放桌上啊,看起来多古怪。”我觉得这任务有点意思,就着手了解这个主题。当时“黑客”的资料很少,找到的资料里也大多把“黑客”定义成“反社会的书呆子,多沉迷电脑,可能会有些危险,但基本只是好奇心很强”。我心想,行啊,我就写他们。
(听众笑)你们是以此而骄傲还是怎样?请告诉我,这样我等下就不会很尴尬地和你们坐在一起了。
搜寻有关黑客的材料期间,我找到了《今日心理学》(Psychology Today)上的一篇封面报道,叫做“黑客集”(The Hacker Papers),还有一张图片,上面有些样貌奇怪的人。这实际上是斯坦福大学心理学教授菲利普·津巴多(Philip Zimbardo)编辑的相关研究。其实我最近还见到他,他在研究“恶魔心理学”。而当年,他在斯坦福研究黑客。他在那个集子里写道:
对电脑的陶醉终演变为一种沉迷,与社会上其它的沉迷类似,随之遭受破坏的是人际关系。
这段文字在书里也有提到。在书中我还找了几篇关于黑客的文章,其中一位作者是麻省理工学院(MIT)的教授约瑟夫·魏泽鲍姆(Joseph Weizenbaum)。他因创作人工智能程序ELIZA而出名。输入一些东西,ELIZA就会回应你的问题,就像你在与心理医生说话一样。
他也写了本书叫《计算机能力和人类的理性》(Computer Power and Human Reason)。其中有篇文章在MIT可谓臭名昭著。话说得并不太好听,我给大家念念:
聪明的年轻人有着一双沉浸在电脑里的眼睛。坐在电脑面前,安抚他们结实的手臂,随时愿意动他们的手指敲击键盘吸引着我们的注意。就像平静的赌徒全神贯注地看着色子一样。他们坐在铺满电脑打印件的桌前。他们一工作就二三十个小时。他们的食物,如果有人负责安排给他们带咖啡、可乐、三明治,有可能的话,他们会睡在文件附近的床上。他们的衣服没洗,胡子没刮,证明他们在全身心投入。这些人是“电脑游民”,有强迫症的程序员。
这笔法简直就像陀思妥耶夫斯基对不?很传神地描绘出这群人颓废的神态。如果安吉莉娜·朱莉读到了这个,她可能不会去演黑客,她会收养一个。
我心想,行,我就来写写这些怪咖的故事。
我去了斯坦福,因为那是《今日心理学》提及的地方。但我出发之前,我联系了一位做科技报道的前同事,向他打听在斯坦福有什么采访资源。结果他给我列了一份当时蓬勃发展的个人计算机界的重要人物的名单,还有一些从事计算机相关事务的有趣的人。我上了前往加州的飞机,在此之前,我只去过那里一次。那是一次公路旅游,跟计算机一点关系也没有。
四小时后,下了飞机,我就和创办“西海岸计算机展览会”(West Coast Computer Faire)的吉姆·沃伦(Jim Warren)泡澡对谈。他房子里住了一堆人为他编辑杂志,讲如何用无线电单边带发送数据。我开始认识到,计算机将赋予人力量。我们都很激动,这也给我整趟旅程定下基调。
我去了斯坦福与其他人交谈,他们中有个人计算机界人士、企业家、工程师和正做着其他有趣事情的人。我被所发现的东西彻底震惊了,这些人并不是“反社会的书呆子”。实际上他们的头脑和想法惊为天人,他们的想法很有意思,而且他们都致力于某件事上。在与他们交谈中,我发现他们做着的事情将会是我们所有人以后都要做的事情,而且这个将来并不遥远。
看到这个情况,我十分激动,我想继续写更多这个主题的文字。回家之后,我还跟后来成为我的老婆的女朋友说,我们必须接触这些东西,我们买来了两台Apple II。当时,两台Apple II加上我们共用的一台打印机一共花了我们9500美元,但物有所值。我开始写作,这过程很有趣,那时候技术爱好者并不多。我们买了计算机一年之后,当时一本有名的计算机杂志登了一篇讲女性与计算机技术的报道。里面有整整一页印了我老婆的照片。这并不是因为她技术高超,她也不懂编程什么的,只是因为她在用电脑——“哇!女人在用电脑!”这就好比现在有人写篇文章讲女性与铅笔,是吧?
大概在那个时候,有家出版社问我是否有兴趣写本有关黑客的书。
我心想,嘿,这想法好。我心里早已酝酿要写本书了。我原本有个计划是写本夜店歌手的书,但好像没人想读,所以我想,那不如写黑客吧。这是我的第一本书,我有点胆怯,我该如何完成它呢?这比我之前写过的东西都长。也许写一章这一类的黑客,再写另一章别的类型的黑客,一章一章地写,最后整理起来就成了本书叫《黑客》。但是我的编辑詹姆斯·瑞姆斯(James Raimes)很棒。他对我说,听好了,想法要大,志趣要高。蒂姆·奥莱利(Tim O'Reilly)大家都知道,他创办了Foo Camp,他出版了很多书籍。他就曾说,人的目标应该永远都是宏大而无畏。当然,当时我并不认识奥莱利,但我的编辑跟我说的精华就是那样,我决定自己试试看。
于是我决定不再一章章地堆砌,我要以叙述的口吻娓娓道来,写出史诗的感觉,讲述这些叛逆的人如何改变世界。
(节选自《离线·黑客》专题文章“重访黑客”,作者史蒂文·利维,译者陈祖龙)
……

Introduction

1958年秋天,彼得·萨姆森在入学MIT的第一周就加入了“技术模型铁路俱乐部”(TMRC)。这个校园组织在MIT的20号楼有一个可以永久使用的活动室,一个巨大的火车规划模型几乎占据了室内的全部空间。萨姆森所在的“信号和动力”小组并不实际制作火车模型,他们更关注的是如何改进、更新和完善支撑整个模型的系统。这个小组的核心成员行事风格独树一帜:没日没夜地待在俱乐部里工作,穿格子衬衫棉布裤子不修边幅,专门给自己配备了一台可乐自动售卖机,以及发明了一套别人听不懂的行话,像是:你完全出自兴趣加入一个项目,以创新且有技术含量的方式完成它,这就叫“hack”。“信号和动力”小组里效率最高的人称自己为“hacker”(黑客)。
从彼得·萨姆森在MIT的26号楼里“意外”发现IBM704开始,这些黑客们实践着一个又一个hack。在IBM上开发国际象棋程序,让TX-0编写文本,用PDP-1创造《太空大战》......人工智能、文字处理、游戏产业这些大门都被一一打开,这些都是属于六十年代黑客们的不朽传奇。
时间向后推移半个世纪,这个曾孕育了最早也是最纯正黑客的学府,仍保持着全球最开放大学的称号(连学校建筑都由数字编号的传统也未曾改变)。所以亚伦·斯沃茨在2010年第一次进入MIT的16号楼时,门没有锁。然而“不上锁”——这个曾经是MIT开放的象征——却最终成为抓捕斯沃茨的诱饵。斯沃茨因入侵MIT网络,并接入数字期刊在线系统JSTOR进行非法下载而受到指控。虽然不久之后JSTOR撤诉,但MIT仍支持政府继续指控斯沃茨。在可能的高额罚款和牢狱之灾面前,他最终选择将生命的休止符划在了26岁。
“MIT背叛了自己的所有基本准则”,这是斯沃茨自杀后,那些曾经与他并肩战斗过的人发出的最猛烈的抨击。这位天才少年短暂的一生中参与过的所有公共项目都和信息的开放、分享、自由/免费息息相关。RSS1.0、Creative Commons、Markdown、Open Library......但他所倡导的开放共享精神并没有打动MIT和政府。和他的偶像理查德·斯托曼一样,斯沃茨也是孤独地在和信息集权斗争,到最后也未妥协。只是死亡让他的孤独更为悲怆。
黑客文化真的已经没落?1984年,史蒂文·利维在回答这个问题的时候相当悲观。那一年他出版了《黑客:计算机革命的英雄》,书中他称斯托曼是“最后一名真正的黑客”,预见着商业会最终将黑客文化侵蚀殆尽,斯托曼之后再无他人。然而有趣的是,在这本书出版二十周年做修订时,利维又逐渐乐观起来:“我觉得黑客最初的含义正在回归。硬件爱好者创客的动手精神,生物黑客试图破解生命密码,这一切都说明黑客们会继续上路,探索更多未知的前沿。”
“结束了,然后又会重新开始。”谨以纪念《黑客:计算机革命的英雄》出版三十周年。
李婷 《离线》主编

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Yami Cross-store Free Shipping over $69
Yami 30-days Return

Yami-China FC

Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

Return Policy

You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book