IELTS剑桥雅思最新真题题源详解：阅读（学术类 第5版）

《剑桥雅思最新真题题源详解——阅读（学术类）（第五版）》具有以下特点：
真题回顾：通过对已考文章和试题的回忆，透视真实考题，抓住重复规律。
背景知识：帮助考生快速理解文章，提高答题速度和准确率。
12套真题实战演练：所选文章的题材、背景、试题的题型和难度与已考文章相同，权威精准。

李箐，资深雅思考试测试和辅导专家，澳大利亚永久居民，并在邦德大学、昆士兰大学、悉尼大学和维多利亚大学等高校的语言中心和雅思测试中心进行过针对雅思考试辅导和测试的教研。对历年雅思阅读考试的文章来源、背景、题材及题型和试题难度有深入的研究，著有多部雅思畅销专著。

杨春，经济学博士。担任环球雅思学校阅读主讲10年以来，培养出多名雅思考试“状元”以及数百名雅思考试阅读成绩8分以上的学员。审定过多部雅思畅销专著。

第一部分 雅思阅读学术类真题题源12套
TEST PAPER 1
PASSAGE 1 动物自我疗伤
PASSAGE 2 辨别说谎
PASSAGE 3 鹦鹉发音
TEST PAPER 2
PASSAGE 1 寻找种子
PASSAGE 2 南极与气候
PASSAGE 3 海洋能源发电
TEST PAPER 3
PASSAGE 1 苏联弹性工作时间
PASSAGE 2 伏尼契手稿
PASSAGE 3 航海钟的发明
TEST PAPER 4
PASSAGE 1 磁疗
PASSAGE 2 猛犸象幼崽
PASSAGE 3 阿尔弗雷德•诺贝尔
TEST PAPER 5
PASSAGE 1 彗星撞木星
PASSAGE 2 珍珠
PASSAGE 3 看体育节目和大脑活动
TEST PAPER 6
PASSAGE 1 口译：同传和交传
PASSAGE 2 生物防治
PASSAGE 3 阅读的教学方法
TEST PAPER 7
PASSAGE 1 机器人
PASSAGE 2 城市规划
PASSAGE 3 美国电影
TEST PAPER 8
PASSAGE 1 英国天才工程师
PASSAGE 2 水坝的灾难
PASSAGE 3 考拉（树袋熊）
TEST PAPER 9
PASSAGE 1 美国肥胖
PASSAGE 2 玻璃研究
PASSAGE 3 学术腐败
TEST PAPER 10
PASSAGE 1 选择和幸福
PASSAGE 2 鲸鱼的感觉
PASSAGE 3 语言学派
TEST PAPER 11
PASSAGE 1 地图发展史
PASSAGE 2 仿生学研究
PASSAGE 3 人类五种感觉
TEST PAPER 12
PASSAGE 1 海獭
PASSAGE 2 龙涎香
PASSAGE 3 社会学试验

第二部分 雅思阅读学术类2套模拟试题
TEST 1
TEST 2

第三部分 附录
附录1 2008年1月—2014年6月中国考区雅思考试阅读学术类文章汇总
附录2 单词总表

TEST PAPER 1
PASSAGE 1动物自我疗伤
2012年10月7日在中国大陆考卷中出现
2014年3月13日在澳大利亚考卷中出现
考试回忆
（以下考试回忆内容可能和真实考试内容有一定出入，仅供考生参考。）
大猩猩以及其他动物可以通过吃某些东西来自我治愈伤口。人从动物那里得到启发，想研究生产某种疗伤的药，这个研究已经付诸实施。牛吞食黏土对肠胃消化有帮助，牛的这种能力不是学来的，而是天生的。老鼠不知道吃什么能治病，它们看到别的动物吃什么就吃什么。
背景知识
说明：由于“动物自我疗伤”这篇阅读文章在2009年—2014年的考试中多次出现，而这方面的内容又比较专业，所以考生多了解这方面的背景知识尤其重要。本文系统介绍了动物自我疗伤的相关知识，供考生参考。

目前治愈人类疾病的基因和遗传工程研究还处于复杂的阶段。牛通过吞食黏土来弥补自身某些矿物质的不足，红疣猴靠吃木炭来检测食物的毒性，黑猩猩通过吃带毛的树叶来清除自己肠道内的寄生虫，这些都是动物自我治疗疾病的例子，也许会给人类自我治疗疾病带来一些启发。
在利用草药治病这方面，人类还有许多方面可以向动物学习。1994年前，人们对于动物的了解只是基于一个叫做“动物生药学”的新兴学科。1994年第一次举办了世界范围内的研讨会，交流动物医疗的相关知识和经验。
研究人员早就发现，尽管动物自身拥有强大的免疫系统，但是它们不是仅仅靠免疫系统来抵御疾病并保持健康的。免疫系统只是在动物主动采用自疗方法后才被动起作用的。除了寻找足够的食物之外，动物还需要花费大量的精力和时间来找到某种天然的药物以保持健康。
由于没有特别明显的区别和特点，动物自身的预防和自愈功能并不容易被辨别开来。例如，对人类来说呕吐是一种有效预防疾病的方式。然而，动物不会呕吐，拿老鼠来说吧，老鼠感觉自己生病或吃了有毒的食物后，就会找一种黏土吃，这种黏土可以吸收毒素，把毒素杀死或分解。老鼠感到不舒服时，就会吃这种黏土，因此老鼠能够有效避免自己因中毒而死。你法区分这些健康的老鼠是通过自我预防、自我保护还是自我治疗而生存下来的。对于动物来说，它们可以通过经验来达到自我预防和自我治疗的目的。
人类与动物的自疗都是意识的。举例来说，有些患精神分裂症的病人每天吸烟三次以上，如果你说他不应该吸这么多烟，他们极少会同意你的看法。尽管还未确定，事实上，也许香烟中的尼古丁可以减轻精神分裂的症状。
可以这样说，动物进行自疗并保持健康是一种重要的适应自然环境的能力。只有具有这种能力，它们才能生存，但很多生物学家都忽视了这一点。动物们不仅仅要活下来，它们还得保持健康才能与其他动物进行竞争。
美国杜克大学研究人员在坦桑尼亚岛对红疣猴进行了很长一段时间的研究，他们发现这种猴子有一种独特的发现食物有毒的方法。它们用吃木炭的方法来检测食物是否有毒。小的红疣猴从母猴那里学会这一方法。日本东京大学的研究人员发现黑猩猩会把那些带毛的树叶卷起来。它们用这种方法来清除肠道内的寄生虫，黑猩猩的这种方法是通过经验的慢慢积累得来的。
早些时候，研究人员还发现，动物们能够确切地知道哪种草药可以治疗它们所患的流行病。但研究发现，动物并不知道自己所患的病症具体需要哪种草药，它们所用的草药品种很多。例如，猿猴为了治愈自己所患的肠道疾病，它们会吃下能找到的所有带毛的树叶。观察发现，它们吃下的树叶品种达三十多种。
实际上，不只是野生动物有这种自疗的能力，家养的动物也有自疗能力。比如，牛吃黏土。牧民很清楚，牛经常会挖土并舔食。这就表明，牛知道自己身体内缺乏某种矿物质，它们在自己找着吃。英国有研究人员发现，当地有些羊吃燕鸥。羊是不吃肉的，它们只是吃燕鸥的骨头。据分析，这些生活在牧场的羊身体内缺乏矿物质，燕鸥骨头里有矿物质，它们用这种方法来保持健康。
对牛群的观察发现，它们不仅仅是靠吃黏土来找寻矿物质，黏土中还粘着很多种细菌，能导致腹泻。通过腹泻，牛可以排出体内的毒素和寄生虫。数据研究显示，经过有效的排泄，动物身体吸收的能量和营养物质能提高20%。研究人员可以从中得到启发。以家畜为例，如果让它们以这种自疗的方法治病，而不是使用抗生素，就会生产出更好的绿色食品，并能提高产量。
经常骑马的人都知道，如果想让马把体内的寄生虫排出体外，可以把马尾切下来，裹上蜂蜜，让马吃下去。这与动物靠吃多毛的树叶排出肠道寄生虫的原理是一样的。毛发不能被消化，但能刺激并强迫寄生虫脱离身体。

核心词汇
genetic engineering 遗传工程
charcoal test 炭吸附测定
chimpanzee n黑猩猩
parasite n 寄生物
pharmacognosy n （尤指研究天然药物的）生药学
anthelmintic adj 驱虫的；n 驱虫剂，打虫药
symptomatic treatment 对症治疗，症状疗法
nutrient n 营养物，养分；adj 营养的，滋养的
livestock n 家畜，牲畜

READING PASSAGE 1
Animal Self-medicine (Health in the Wild)
A At present，although the genes and genetic engineering to the emergence of human disease healing based on sophisticated molecular level，the cows eat clay added their own lack of certain mineral；red colobus monkeys eat charcoal to test whether its food is toxic；chimpanzee folded hairy leaves down clear intestinal parasites in animal diseases such as self-treatment method，perhaps to human heal disease also have some enlightenment.
B In herbal medicine to treat a disease，there is considerable experience from animal to learn. In early 1994，people in the animal self understanding based on the creation of a new young discipline，called “animal pharmacognosy” (Zoopharmacognosy)，and in the world convened the first conference，in exchange for animal therapy research knowledge and experience.
C For many years，researchers have known，although the animal’s own strong immune system against the disease，but they are not just by their immune system to resist disease and keep healthy. Immunity is a passive method，in addition to animal will take the initiative cures. Animal survival in addition to enough food，also put a lot of energy and time in the maintenance of health，it is to find the nature of the health care drugs.
D It is not too easy to distinguish animal disease prevention and self treatment，because there is no obvious difference or characteristics. For example，vomiting is an effective way to prevent disease of one person. However，animal cannot vomit，such as mice，so whenever a mouse feels sick or eat the poisoned food，he’ll find a kind of clay，and the clay can absorb toxins，and make the toxin inactive or relieved. That is to say，when the mouse feels a little sick，it will eat this kind of clay，so the mouse can effectively avoid poisoning. Then do not distinguish between good mouse is self prevention or protection，or self healing. So from animal there are available for prevention and treatment of the combination of experience.
E People also have similar situations. Human and animal self-treatment is unconscious. For example，although not confirmed，some patients with schizophrenia every smoked more than three times. If you asked him why he smoked so much smoke，he merely replied，like so. But in fact，perhaps nicotine can alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia.
F Should say，animal self health care and health is an important ability of adapting to the environment，only in this way they can survive. This is the animal that they adaptability is one of the important ways，but many biologists have overlooked this point. Animal not only to survive，but also as far as possible health，only in this way，they can have the capital to compete with other animal.
G The United States Duke University researchers in Tanzania island of Zanzibar a red colobus monkey was observed for a long time，we find that they have a unique identification of the food is toxic method. They always eat charcoal to test its food plant is poisonous. And the young red colobus monkeys see their mother to do so when they learned this method. Japan Kyoto University researchers also found the chimpanzee will fold hairy leaves，and leaves. It turns out that they were using this method in the intestinal parasite clearance. But the chimpanzee such ingestion leaves anthelmintic behavior is to learn from experience
H Earlier some researchers think，animal knows exactly what kind of herbal medicine to treat them like what kind of disease prevalence，and was diagnosed after symptomatic treatment. But the study find，animal use herbal remedies are not very accurate with some medicine to cure certain diseases，they use a high degree of flexibility. For example，great apes seem to swallow any of them could find a rough surface of the leaves to get rid of parasites in the body. By observation，this leaves about 30 kinds of.
I In fact，if you think only wild animal has self health care and treatment ability is wrong，domestic animal still have self healing ability. For example，cattle in some will eat clay. Grazing or farm workers are familiar with，the herd would dig，licking dirt. This indicates that bovine know the body lacks certain minerals，they are looking for some minerals. There are researchers in a British Islands found，local sheep eat tern. Sheep does not eat meat，just chewing tern bones. Analysis shows that，due to their lack of grazing sheep only，in minerals，so from the tern bones obtained in the mineral supplement，to protect their health.
J Also observed in cattle is not just looking for minerals，and digging to find clay. The researchers analyzed that，clay is stuck with a lot of bacteria，can cause bovine diarrhea. In the excretion of also the cow stomach row out toxins and parasites. The researchers calculated the results，due to the effective discharge of the parasite，cattle food energy and nutrients into the muscle weight increased by 20%. According to this situation，the researchers think this is breeding a new direction. In case of cattle，sheep，pigs，chickens，ducks and other livestock to reduce the use of antibiotics to treat diseases，sterilization，instead of using animal self treatment methods，such as eating clay，it may not only the production of innocuous green food (meat and eggs)，and can increase yield.
K In both East and West，horse people have such a “recipe”，if you want to get rid of the parasites in the body，can we cut the cauda equina，outside wrap honey，let the horse down. The principle and the animal swallowed hairy leaves to get rid of parasites in exactly the same. Hair will not be digested，but also can stimulate and coerced intestinal parasites，let their body.


Questions 1—4
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1—4 on your answer sheet，write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1.Using hairy leaves，chimpanzee can get rid of parasites for self-healing.
2.In order to maintain their health，animals need keep themselves busy.
3.Just like humans，animals are aware of self-treatment as well.
4.Livestock eat clay would boost the food output.


Questions 5—10
Reading Passage 1 has 11 paragraphs，A—K.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A—K in boxes 5—10 on your answer sheet.
5.Like animals，people in illness have no conscious about self-treatment.
6.The meeting focusing on animal therapy was first held.
7.Hair can clear parasites in horse’s body.
8.Animals spend time to seek nature drugs for keeping fit.
9.People neglect the fact self－treatment is also a way to adapt to the surroundings for animals.
10. Parasites can be excreted by diarrhea.


Questions 11—14
Complete the summary below using words from the box.
A mouse feeling sick eats clay for relieving because clay may assimilate 11，although animals have no conscious of 12. Baby moneys learn a skill from their mothers to identify if the food they are going to eat is 13. Animals do not exactly know which kind of 14 can cure what kind of disease，so they usually eat all hairy leaves they can find.
nutrition fuel self-treatment delicious none toxin deregulation service
poisonous transport herbal medicine diagrams