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UNIX网络编程(卷2):进程间通信(第2版)

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UNIX网络编程(卷2):进程间通信(第2版)

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《UNIX网络编程.卷2:进程间通信(第2版)》是一部UNIX网络编程的经典之作!进程间通信(IPC)几乎是所有Unix程序性能的关键,理解IPC也是理解如何开发不同主机间网络应用程序的必要条件。《UNIX网络编程.卷2:进程间通信(第2版)》从对Posix IPC和System V IPC的内部结构开始讨论,全面深入地介绍了4种IPC形式:消息传递(管道、FIFO、消息队列)、同步(互斥锁、条件变量、读写锁、文件与记录锁、信号量)、共享内存(匿名共享内存、具名共享内存)及远程过程调用(Solaris门、Sun RPC)。附录中给出了测量各种IPC形式性能的方法。
《UNIX网络编程.卷2:进程间通信(第2版)》内容详尽且具权威性,几乎每章都提供精选的习题,并提供了部分习题的答案,是网络研究和开发人员理想的参考书。
Author Description

W.Richard Stevens,国际知名的UNIX和网络专家,备受赞誉的技术作家他1951年2月5日出生于赞比亚,后随父母回到美国中学时就读于弗吉尼亚菲什伯恩军事学校,1973年获得密歇根大学航空和航天工程学士学位,1975年至1982年,他在亚利桑那州图森市的基特峰国家天文台从事计算机编程工作,业余时间喜爱飞行运动,做过兼职飞行教练这期间他分别在1978年和1982年获得亚利桑那大学系统工程硕士和博士学位此后他去康涅狄格州纽黑文的健康系统国际公司任主管计算机服务的副总裁,1990年他回到图森,从事专业技术写作和咨询工作写下了多种经典的传世之作。
Catalogue

第一部分简介
第1章简介
1.1概述
1.2进程、线程与信息共享
1.3IPC对象的持续性
1.4名字空间
1.5fork、exec和exit对IPC对象的影响
1.6出错处理:包裹函数
1.7Unix标准
1.8书中IPC例子索引表
1.9小结
习题
第2章Posix IPC
2.1概述
2.2IPC名字
2.3创建与打开IPC通道
2.4IPC权限
2.5小结
习题
第3章System V IPC
3.1概述
3.2key_t键和ftok函数
3.3ipc_perm结构
3.4创建与打开IPC通道
3.5IPC权限
3.6标识符重用
3.7ipcs和ipcrm程序
3.8内核限制
3.9小结
习题
第二部分消息传递
第4章管道和FIFO
4.1概述
4.2一个简单的客户-服务器例子
4.3管道
4.4全双工管道
4.5popen和pclose函数
4.6FIFO
4.7管道和FIFO的额外属性
4.8单个服务器,多个客户
4.9对比迭代服务器与并发服务器
4.10字节流与消息
4.11管道和FIFO限制
4.12小结
习题
第5章Posix消息队列
5.1概述
5.2mq_open、mq_close和mq_unlink函数
5.3mq_getattr和mq_setattr函数
5.4mq_send和mq_receive函数
5.5消息队列限制
5.6mq_notify函数
5.7Posix实时信号
5.8使用内存映射I/O实现Posix消息队列
5.9小结
习题
第6章System V消息队列
6.1概述
6.2msgget函数
6.3msgsnd函数
6.4msgrcv函数
6.5msgctl函数
6.6简单的程序
6.7客户-服务器例子
6.8复用消息
6.9消息队列上使用select和poll
6.10消息队列限制
6.11小结
习题
第三部分同步
第7章互斥锁和条件变量
7.1概述
7.2互斥锁:上锁与解锁
7.3生产者-消费者问题
7.4对比上锁与等待
7.5条件变量:等待与信号发送
7.6条件变量:定时等待和广播
7.7互斥锁和条件变量的属性
7.8小结
习题
第8章读写锁
8.1概述
8.2获取与释放读写锁
8.3读写锁属性
8.4使用互斥锁和条件变量实现读写锁
8.5线程取消
8.6小结
习题
第9章记录上锁
9.1概述
9.2对比记录上锁与文件上锁
9.3Posix fcntl记录上锁
9.4劝告性上锁
9.5强制性上锁
9.6读出者和写入者的优先级
9.7启动一个守护进程的唯一副本
9.8文件作锁用
9.9NFS上锁
9.10小结
习题
第10章Posix信号量
10.1概述
10.2sem_open、sem_close和sem_unlink函数
10.3sem_wait和sem_trywait函数
10.4sem_post和sem_getvalue函数
10.5简单的程序
10.6生产者-消费者问题
10.7文件上锁
10.8sem_init和sem_destroy函数
10.9多个生产者,单个消费者
10.10多个生产者,多个消费者
10.11多个缓冲区
10.12进程间共享信号量
10.13信号量限制
10.14使用FIFO实现信号量
10.15使用内存映射I/O实现信号量
10.16使用System V信号量实现Posix信号量
10.17小结
习题
第11章System V信号量
11.1概述
11.2semget函数
11.3semop函数
11.4semctl函数
11.5简单的程序
11.6文件上锁
11.7信号量限制
11.8小结
习题
第四部分共享内存区
第12章共享内存区介绍
12.1概述
12.2mmap、munmap和msync函数
12.3在内存映射文件中给计数器持续加
12.4.4BSD匿名内存映射
12.5SVR4/dev/zero内存映射
12.6访问内存映射的对象
12.7小结
习题
第13章Posix共享内存区
13.1概述
13.2shm_open和shm_unlink函数
13.3ftruncate和fstat函数
13.4简单的程序
13.5给一个共享的计数器持续加
13.6向一个服务器发送消息
13.7小结
习题
第14章System V共享内存区
14.1概述
14.2shmget函数
14.3shmat函数
14.4shmdt函数
14.5shmctl函数
14.6简单的程序
14.7共享内存区限制
14.8小结
习题
第五部分远程过程调用
第15章门
15.1概述
15.2door_call函数
15.3door_create函数
15.4door_return函数
15.5door_cred函数
15.6door_info函数
15.7例子
15.8描述符传递
15.9door_sever_create函数
15.10door_bind、door_unbind和door_revoke函数
15.11客户或服务器的过早终止
15.12小结
习题
第16章SunRPC
16.1概述
16.2多线程化
16.3服务器捆绑
16.4认证
16.5超时和重传
16.6调用语义
16.7客户或服务器的过早终止
16.8XDR:外部数据表示
16.9RPC分组格式
16.10小结
习题
后记
附录A性能测量
附录B线程入门
附录C杂凑的源代码
附录D精选习题解答
参考文献
索引
Book Abstract

即使一个进程终止时系统会自动释放某个锁,那也可能解决不了问题。该锁保护某个临界区很可能是为了在执行该临界区代码期间更新某个数据。如果该进程在执行该临界区的中途终止,该数据处于什么状态呢?该数据处于不一致状态的可能性很大:举例来说,一个新条目也许只是部分插入某个链表中,要是该进程终止时内核仅仅把那个锁解开的话,使用该链表的下一个进程就可能发现它已损坏。
然而在某些例子中,让内核在进程终止时清理某个锁(若是信号量情况则为计数器)不成问题。例如,某个服务器可能使用一个SystemV信号量(打开其SEM-UNDO特性)来统计当前被处理的客户数。每次fork一个子进程时,它就把该信号量加1,当该子进程终止时,它再把该信号量减1。如果该子进程非正常终止,内核仍会把该计数器减1。9.7节给出了一个例子,说明内核在什么时候释放一个锁(不是我们刚讲的计数器)合适。那儿的守护进程一开始就在自己的某个数据文件上获得一个写入锁,然后在其运行期间一直持有该锁。如果有人试图启动该守护进程的另一个副本,那么新的副本将因为无法取得该写入锁而终止,从而确保该守护进程只有一个副本在一直运行。但是如果该守护进程不正常地终止了,那么内核会释放该写入锁,从而允许启动该守护进程的另一个副本。
Introduction

大多数重要的程序都涉及进程间通信(Inter process Communication,IPC)。这是受下述设计原则影响的自然结果:把应用程序设计为一组相互通信的小片断比将其设计为单个庞大的程序更好。从历史角度看,应用程序有如下几种构建方法。
(1)用一个庞大的程序完成全部工作。程序的各部分可以实现为函数,函数之间通过参数、返回值和全局变量来交换信息。
(2)使用多个程序,程序之间用某种形式的IPC进行通信。许多标准的Unix工具都是按这种风格设计的,它们使用shell管道(IPC的一种形式)在程序之间传递信息。
(3)使用一个包含多个线程的程序,线程之间使用某种IPC。这里仍然使用术语IPC,尽管通信是在线程之间而不是在进程之间进行的。
还可以把后两种设计形式结合起来:用多个进程来实现,其中每个进程包含几个线程。在这种情况下,进程内部的线程之间可以通信,不同的进程之间也可以通信。
上面讲述了可以把完成给定任务所需的工作分到多个进程中,或许还可以进一步分到进程内的多个线程中。在包含多个处理器(CPU)的系统中,多个进程也许可以(在不同的CPU上)同时运行,或许给定进程内的多个线程也能同时运行。因此,把任务分到多个进程或线程中有望减少完成指定任务的时间。

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