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Jingdong book

东晋玄言诗派研究

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Jingdong book

东晋玄言诗派研究

Name: 东晋玄言诗派研究
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3105006291
Price: 22.83 USD
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任何学术活动都不可能脱离社会需要而存在。不被社会需要所认可的学术活动，一方面是社会意义的丧失，另一方面是自身发展活力的丧失。从这样一个角度，我们可以说，衡量一种学术研究的价值，其标准之一是它对社会需要的满足程度。明确了这一点，再来讨论社会需要的不同种类，对不同学科的定位就会更加合理一些。比如，经济学参与国家的经济建设，法学参与国家的法制建设，现实生活对这一类学科的需要是一般人也能理解的。一般人所忽略或未能充分理解的是现实生活对古代史、古代哲学和古代文学这一类学科的需求程度。造成这种忽略或理解之不充分的主要原因是对社会需要的理解过于简单、肤浅和狭隘。社会需要包括两种类型：一是应用型的需要。在一个科技进步、商业繁荣的时代，高度的工业化和商业化所引发的道德危机、心理危机，不仅会造成诸多人格的病态发展，而且会造成社会各方面利益的剧烈冲突。在这种情况下，读一点《论语》、《孟子》、《老子》、《庄子》，读一点《史记》、《汉书》，读一点唐诗、宋词、元曲、明清小说，涵泳古代的人文智慧，不仅可以充实我们的心灵，陶冶我们的性情，丰富我们的人生，对于正确处理现代化过程中出现的种种问题，无疑也是有裨益的。这是一种显层次的需要，当然值得重视；另一种需要是隐层次的，非应用型的，在我看来更值得重视。现代民族国家的出现，其历史还不长。西方走在前面，中国走在后面。一个现代意义的民族国家，其是否兴旺发达取决于凝聚力的强弱。而所谓凝聚力，是以现代民族文化为其核心的。在建设现代民族文化的过程中，重新体验中国传统文学的价值，创造性地加以阐释，使之成为现代民族文化的重要精神资源，这是21世纪的重大课题，是足以让古代文学研究者感到自豪和任重道远的课题。《中国古代文学流派研究》丛书即旨在满足这一层次的社会需要，旨在为现代民族文化添砖加瓦。这一愿望尽管有些奢侈，却是促使我们潜心于学术的基本动力。

Catalogue

引言
第一章玄学理想人格
一、何晏、王弼的本体人格
二、嵇康、阮籍的精神人格
三、向秀、郭象的个性人格
第二章玄言诗的义界
一、玄言诗义界研究概况
二、玄言诗的理论内涵
（一）以玄学为基点
（二）以人生为归宿
（三）以诗歌为中介
第三章玄言诗的发展
一、东晋以前玄言诗的流演期
二、两晋之际与东晋前期的玄言诗人及其创作
三、东晋中期的玄言诗人及其创作
四、东晋后期的玄言诗人及其创作
第四章玄言诗兴盛的原因
一、玄学理论的终结与玄言诗的兴盛
二、渡江贵族的习玄传统与玄言诗的兴盛
三、东晋中叶稳定的社会环境与玄言诗的兴盛
第五章玄言诗的审美价值
一、从抒情到畅理：智慧之美与理感赏心
（一）智慧之美
（二）理感赏心
二、从忧患悲怨到和光同尘：人格美的高扬
（一）忧患意识的淡化与消遥自适的情调
（二）生离死别的达观与超脱
（三）人格美的高扬
三、清虚恬谈的审美意趣
第六章从东晋玄言诗看诗歌中的说理因素
一、说理与说理因素
二、中国诗歌中的几种说理因素
（一）形而上的说理
（二）间有理语的说理
（三）议论化之“理”
（四）意境化的说理
三、诗歌说理的原因剖析
（一）对自然宇宙观的分析
（二）对说理形式与审美快感的分析
（三）对诗学语言观的分析
第七章嵇康诗歌论
第八章东晋僧诗论
第九章陶渊明诗歌与玄学
第十章从玄言到山水
参考文献
后记
《中国古代文学流派研究》丛书总跋

Book Abstract

二、两晋之际与东晋前期的玄言诗人及其创作
郭璞，字景纯，河东闻喜（今山西闻喜）人，生于晋武帝咸宁二年（276），295年从郭公受业，300年为临沮长，307年避地江东，作《流寓赋》，313年为王导参军，318年拜著作郎，320年迁尚书郎，为太子所重，322年以母忧去职，323年为王敦记室参军，324年因借卜筮谏阻王敦谋反，被杀，终年49岁。王敦乱平后追赠弘农太守。郭璞一生深受郭公影响，据《晋书》本传： “有郭公者，客居河东，精于卜筮，璞从之受业，公以《青囊中书》九卷与之，由是遂洞五行、天文、卜筮之术，攘灾转祸，通致无方，虽京房、管辂不能过也。”虽然“璞好经术，博学有高才，而讷于言论，词赋为中兴之冠”，有“其辞甚伟，为世所称”的《江赋》，但其卜筮之术，仍然遭到缙绅之士的嘲笑。于是“自以才高位卑，乃著《客傲》”来抒发其“鹪鹩不可与论云翼，井蛙难与量海蒸”的悲愤。从总体上来看，其思想虽非纯儒，也非典型的玄学中人之思想，而当“归为由汉儒发展而来的儒术、方术混而不分的卜筮的一派”①，但也照样超越不了他所处的那个时代，因而打上了玄学思想的深深烙印。
其文学活动主要在两晋之际，创作恰好在某种程度上表现了东晋初期玄言诗的特征。郭璞今存诗《答贾九州愁》（三章）、《与王使君诗》（五章）、《答王门子诗》（六章）、《赠温峤诗》（五章）、《游仙诗十九首》，此外还有残篇七首。从诗歌形式上来看，除了《游仙诗》以及残篇中的五篇之外，基本上都是四言诗；从创作时间上来看，有一部分诗可以明确地断定为西晋时所作，如残篇“杞梓生荆南”，《诗纪》作《赠潘尼》，至于其（游仙诗十九首》也可能是作于西晋时期，有一部分则作于永嘉之后。《答贾九州愁》显然作于南渡之后，诗歌的第二首就涉及到永嘉之乱：
顾瞻中宇，一朝分崩。天纲既紊，浮鲵横腾。运首北眷，邈哉华恒。虽欲凌翥，矫翮靡登。俯惧潜机，仰虑飞罾。惟其佥哀，难辛备曾。庶唏河清，混焉未澄。
在东晋初，反映永嘉之乱的完整诗篇并不多见，就此而论本诗的价值也就不言而喻了。诗中“顾瞻中宇”、“运首北眷”说明诗人当时已经身在南方，“一朝分崩”、“天纲既紊”正指西朝倾覆，而“浮鲵横腾”、 “庶唏河清，混焉未澄”又反映了“五胡”正在遘乱的史实，至于“俯惧潜机，仰虑飞罾。惟其睑哀，难辛备曾”四句则典型地表现了当时诗人的恐惧心理，也正好应了诗题之“愁”字。诗歌的第三首则表现了“自我徂迁”之后“忧虞匪歇”的内心世界与最终走向隐逸的人生选择：“未若遗荣，闷情丘壑。逍游永年，抽簪收发。”这种逍遥高蹈的人生哲学正是其《游仙诗》思想的延伸。郭璞的《与王使君诗》（五章）也同样作于永嘉之乱后，第一章中有“道有亏盈，运亦凌替。茫茫百六，孰知其弊。蠢蠢中华。遘此虐戾”之句可见，第二章复云“穆穆皇帝，因灵所授。英英将军，惟哲之秀”，前两句是说晋元帝登基一事，后两句则是就时任扬州刺史的王导而言，所以陆侃如先生以为此诗作于太兴元年（318）三月以后是可信的①。第三章继而赞美王使君“怀远以文，济难以略”，并望其能够一朝“方恢神邑，天衢再廓”，第五章则转而大谈玄学人生哲学：“靡竭匪浚，靡颓匪隆。持贵以降，挹满以冲。”其《答王门子诗》（六章）也同样作于乱后，如其五章云“皇极委夷，运有经纶”即为一证。全诗除了表达与王门子的情谊之外，也用了不少的篇幅抒发其高世之情，如第五章之“聊以傲咏。不荣不遁。敢希寂放，庶几无闷”，第六章之“遗物任性，兀然自纵。倚荣凋蔼，寓音雅弄。匪涉魏阙，匪滞陋巷。永赖不才，逍遥无用”，渗透于中的还有一种深深的不遇之感。这种偃蹇不进、才高位卑之叹在《赠温峤诗》（五章）中表现得尤为强烈：“子策骐骏，我案骀辔。进不要声，退不做位。遗心隐显，得意荣悴。尚想李严，逍遥柱肆。”（第四章）《晋书》本传云：“明帝之在东宮，与温峤、庾亮并有布衣之好，璞亦以才学见重，埒于峤、亮，论者美之。然性轻易，不修威仪，嗜酒好色，时或过度。”本诗当作于太兴二年（319）迁尚书令前后不久，与其《客傲》同样表现了自己“才高位卑”的不满情绪。当然其中也仍然有一些玄言，如用“清规外标，朗鉴内景”赞美和评价温峤，用“言以忘得，交以淡成”来形容两人之间的交往与友情等等。在郭璞今存的诗作中，或许残诗“北阜烈烈，巨海混混。垒垒三坟，惟母与昆”时间最晚，据《世说新语？术解篇》载：”郭景纯过江，居于暨阳。墓去水不盈百步，时人以为近水。景纯曰： ‘将当为陆。’今沙涨去墓数十里，皆为桑田。其诗
曰……”永昌元年（322）郭璞以母忧去职，葬母后，复于次年（明帝太宁元年）为王敦记室参军。
郭璞最著名的一组诗是《游仙诗十九首》。这十九首诗，完整的只有十篇，其他则为残篇断句。关于本组诗的创作年代，陈沆认为是作于为王敦记室参军时，云：“景纯劝处仲以不反，知寿命之不长，《游仙》之作，殆是时乎！青溪之地，正在荆州，斯明证也。”①然而仅仅是依据“青溪”这一地名在荆州便认定该诗作于东晋，证据明显不足。通览这一组诗，与前述其他诗歌有一个明显的不同，那就是没有留下一点永嘉之乱的痕迹，没有对过去生活的回顾与对现实环境的叙述，相反倒是充满了理想，读来觉得英气逼人，尤其是诗歌华美的辞藻和整练的文句，从诗歌风格上看似乎更接近于西晋的绮靡诗风。如为一般选本所选的第一首：
京华游侠窟，山林隐遁栖。朱门何足荣？未若托蓬莱。临源挹清波，陵冈掇丹荑。灵溪可潜盘，安事登云梯？漆园有傲吏，莱氏有逸妻。进则保龙见，退为触藩羝。高蹈风尘外，长揖谢夷齐。因此我们认为这一组诗当作于西晋时期。虽然与上述几首诗歌的创作年代不同，但与它们显然有着相同的地方，那就是对玄理的表达，如“漆园有傲吏，莱氏有逸妻。进则保龙见，退为触藩羝”四句即是。
这里自然引出另外一个问题：这组《游仙诗》是否为玄言诗？刘宋檀道鸾将他的创作看成是玄言诗的发端，所谓“会合道家之言而韵之”，即是以诗歌来表现道家思想。但是“道家”
一语，从辞义上看本就包括两方面内容：一是指追求长生不老，希冀肉体成仙的道教，二是指追求风神潇洒、遗形取神之老庄玄学。前者是一种宗教的人生理想，后者是一种哲学或审美的人生理想，两者略有差异。但是在历史的发展过程中，道教的建立、形成在很大程度上是依据老子哲学的，而且在玄学兴起之后人们追求审美的人生理想和对精神的高扬，也往往促使人们隐遁出世，于是升仙的道教形式也往往被注入遗形取神、高蹈风尘的玄学内容。因此，至郭璞时代两者已融合为一了。郭璞的代表作《游仙诗》十四首（指完章）便成为这一时代风尚的表征。檀道鸾称之为“始会台”，也正因为其《游仙诗》还保持了传统游仙诗那种生动形象、富于变化的特点，还富于一点“灵变”，富于一种俊逸的色彩。但是他也开始表述老庄玄理了，如说“漆园有傲吏，莱氏有逸妻”、“啸傲遗世罗，纵情在独往；明道虽若昧，其中有妙象”，等等，这种写法和对游仙态度的改变，也导致了其诗非纯为游仙而作。
钟嵘却认为： “（郭璞）宪章潘岳，文体相辉，彪炳可玩。始变永嘉平淡之体，故称中兴第一。《翰林》以为诗首。但《游仙》之作，词多慷慨，乖远玄宗。而云： ‘奈何虎豹姿。’又云：‘戢翼栖榛梗。’乃是坎填咏怀，非列仙之趣也。”李善《文选》注却说： “凡游仙之篇，皆所以滓秽尘网，锱铢缨绂，餐霞倒景，饵玉玄都。而璞之制，文多自叙，虽志狭中区，而辞兼（无）俗累，见非前识，良有以哉！”游仙在于否弃人世，最终达到肉体成仙，而李善认为郭璞不够超脱．没有彻底表现出遗弃人事的态度，以至于“见非前识”，其诗与以前之游仙诗作不同。这里我们不得不承认李善眼光之犀利，然而这种不同正在于玄学以即世为出世的审美人生态度。清代陈柞明《采菽堂古诗选》一语中的，揭破了这层意思：“景纯本以仙姿游于方内，其超越恒情，乃在造语奇杰，非关命意。” “以仙姿游于方内”正是玄学即世而出世的人生态度，采用了“仙姿”这种超世的外在形式。清陈沆则立足于玄言的角度对李善和钟嵘的评论作出了批评，认为二人均未得其本意，他说： “景纯游仙诗振响两晋，自钟嵘谓其词多慷慨，乖远玄宗，坎填咏怀，非列仙之趣。李善亦谓其文多自叙，未能餐霞倒景，锱铢尘网。见非前识，良匪无以。质诸弘农，窃恐哑然。”他进而阐释道： “殉物者系情，遗世者冥感。系情者难平尤怨，冥感者但任冲元。取舍异途，情辞难饰。今既蝉蜕尘寰，霞举物外；乃复肮脏权势，流连蹇修，匪惟旨谬老庄，毋亦卜迷詹尹。是知君子两弃，非必无因；夷叔长辞，正缘笃感云尔。世累情繁，此情未睹，毁赞两非，比兴如梦。是用屏彼藻绘，直揭胸怀。……何焯谓景纯游仙之什，即屈子远游之思，殆知言乎？”①对郭璞《游仙诗》性质的认识，应该说程千帆先生于《郭景纯、曹尧宾游仙诗辨异》中之说最中旨綮：“观其引辞敷藻，固皆玄胜之谈，而忖彼表旨抒情，终系出处之际。”又说：“合诸诗以观，则谓景纯乃由人世之志难申，故出世之思转积，因假《游仙》之咏，以抒尊隐之怀，殆无可致疑者。故黄先生曰： ‘景纯斯篇，本类《咏怀》，聊以摅其忧生愤世之情。
……

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Yami Gift Card

Get this exclusive deal when paying with gift card

Terms and Conditions

Gift card deals are special offers for selected products;

The gift card deals will automatically be activated if a customer uses gift card balance at check out and the balance is sufficient to pay for the total price of the shopping cart products with gift card deals;

You will not be able to activate the gift card deals if you choose other payment methods besides gift card. The products will be purchased at their normal prices;

If your account balance is not enough to pay for the products with gift card deals, you can choose to reload your gift card balance by clicking on the Reload button at either shopping cart page or check out page;

Products that have gift card deals can be recognized by a special symbol showing 'GC Deal';

For any additional questions or concerns, please contact our customer service;

Yamibuy reserves the right of final interpretation.

Sold by Yami

Service Guarantee

Free Shipping over $49

Easy Returns

Ships from United States

Shipping

United States

Standard Shipping is $5.99 (Excluding Alaska & Hawaii). Free on orders of $49 or more.

Local Express is $5.99 (Available in Parts of CA, NJ, MA & PA). Free on orders of $49 or more.

2-Day Express (Includes Alaska & Hawaii) starts at $19.99.

Return Policy

Yami is committed to provide our customers with a peace of mind when purchasing from us. Most items shipped from Yamibuy.com can be returned within 30 days of receipt of shipment (For Food, Beverages, Snacks, Dry Goods, Health supplements, Fresh Grocery and Perishables Goods, within 7 days of receipt of shipment due to damages or quality issues; To ensure that every customer receives safe and high-quality products, we do not provide refunds or returns for beauty products once they have been opened or used, except in the case of quality issues; Some products may have different policies or requirements associated with them, please see below for products under special categories, or contact Yami Customer Service for further assistance).
Thank you for your understanding and support.

Learn More

Sold by Yami

Terms and Conditions of Yami E-Gift Card

If you choose “Redeem automatically” as your delivery method, your gift card balance will be reload automatically after your order has been processed successfully;

If you choose “Send to Email”as your delivery method, the card number and CVV will be sent to the email address automatically;

Any user can use the card number and CVV to redeem the gift card, please keep your gift card information safely. If you have any trouble receiving email, please contact Yami customer service;

Yami gift card can be used to purchase both Yami owned or Marketplace products;

Yami gift card will never expire;

Yami gift card balance does not have to be used up at once;

Return Policy

Gift card that has already been consumed is non-refundable.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Fulfilled by Yami

Service Guarantee

Free Shipping over $49

Easy Returns

Ships from United States

Shipping

United States

Standard Shipping is $5.99 (Excluding Alaska & Hawaii). Free on orders of $49 or more.

Local Express is $5.99 (Available in Parts of CA, NJ, MA & PA). Free on orders of $49 or more.

2-Day Express (Includes Alaska & Hawaii) starts at $19.99.

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Yami-China FC

Service Guarantee

Cross-store Free Shipping over $69

30-days Return

Yami-China FC

Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

Return Policy

You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69

Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

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