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Jingdong book

梁启超传:中国宪政启蒙百年第一人

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1.中国宪政启蒙百年第一人,近代中国最自由的思想者、最理性的政治家,以一人之言,独领一个时代。
2.毛泽东、蔡锷、鲁迅、胡适、梁漱溟、钱穆、顾颉刚等,都直接或间接地受到过梁启超的熏陶。
3.梁启超的一生,是中国走出“历史三峡”的路标。他智慧与清醒的声音,是化解当下社会戾气的良药。他建设宪政中国的理想,更是几代知识精英的共同诉求。80多年后重回公众视野,堪称时代复归理性的象征。
Content Description

梁启超是一个热情似火的人,为了扭转国势、实现宪政,从戊戌变法,到庚子勤王,从护国运动,到五四运动,可谓提颅冒死、殚精竭虑。美国著名记者爱德加斯诺说他是“中国精神之父”,一点也不夸张。
他的一生就是一部中国近代史,他的每一个脚印,都是这个国家、民族命运的投影。《梁启超传:中国宪政启蒙百年第一人》欲从纷乱的历史线索中,还原一个真实的梁启超,再一次体验他的执着与转变、困境与出路、失落与希望,体验时代带给一个人抑或一个社会的必然与偶然。
今天的中国依然没能走出他的预言。重读梁任公,理解时代的困局,寻求现实的出路,当现实与历史惊人地相似时,不要在相同的拐点上跌倒两次!
Author Description

吴其昌(1904—1944),字子馨,号正厂,浙江海宁硖石人。毕业于清华国学研究院,是王国维和梁启超的得意门生,历任清华大学、南开大学、武汉大学教授、系主任。
他曾豪言:当代学者称得上博极群书者,一个梁任公,一个陈寅恪,一个唐兰,一个我。其主要著作有《梁启超传》《金文历朔疏证》《金文氏族疏证》《殷墟书契解诂》《朱子著述考》《宋元明清学术史》《北宋以前中国田制史》等。
Comments

那时候的青年学子,对梁任公先生怀着无限的景仰,倒不是因为他是戊戌政变的主角,也不是因为他是云南起义的策划者,实在是因为他的学术文章对于青年有启迪领导的作用。……有学问、有文采、有热心肠的学者,求之当世能有几人?于是我想起了从前的一段经历,笔而记之。
——梁实秋《记梁任公的一次演讲》

过去半个世纪的知识分子,都受到了他的影响。
——曹聚仁

吴生拔剑斫地歌莫哀,我能拔尔抑塞磊落之奇才。
——唐文治改杜甫诗盛赞吴其昌
Catalogue

第一章 一世纪来中国之命运
——从鸦片战争至梁氏诞生的前夕
第一节 绪 说
第二节 梁氏生前中国一般的惨况
第三节 梁氏生前中国一般的教育状况
第四节 梁氏后来对于祖国命运的影响

第二章 亡国景象与维新初潮
——从梁氏诞生至戊戌变法
第五节 综 叙
第六节 亡国现象的种种
第七节 梁氏幼年的家庭生活及家乡环境
第八节 康梁会接
第九节 梁氏独立事业的开始

第三章 维新的失败与革命的成功
——自戊戌变法至梁氏亡命
第十节 促成戊戌变法的原因
第十一节 戊戌变法史剧的绘影
第十二节 变法失败原因的解析

附录一 梁启超自传
我之为童子时
公车上书之经过及相关情形
变法通议自序
论不变法之害
论变法不知本原之害
论君政民政相嬗之理
南学会
于京师开保国会
请废科举
京师大学堂
得光绪帝之召见
流亡日本办教育
政变原因答客难
澳洲募捐
檀香山之恋
立宪法议
论立法权
三十自述
政闻社宣言书
政治思想之转变
虚君共和政体与民主共和政体之问题
台湾之游
鄙人对于言论界之过去及将来
莅北京大学校欢迎会演说词
吾今后所以报国者
异哉所谓国体问题者
上袁大总统书
国体战争躬历谈
论中西之优劣
护国之役回顾谈
湖南教育界之回顾
旅欧归来后之著述
悼启夫人
我的病与协和医院
忆万木草堂
北海谈话记
附录二 梁启超年谱
Book Abstract

第一章
一世纪来中国之命运
——从鸦片战争至梁氏诞生的前夕
第一节 绪 说
孟子说:“知人论世。”我们要知道一个人全部的事业,了解他全部的心境,欣赏他全部的风度,认识他全部的学问,然后才能公正地评判他生平的价值。所以我们要做这个人的传记,必须暂时把我的神魂,钻入这个人的时代,并立于这个人的环境,透视了这个人的情绪、性格,然后能做亲切有味的描写、客观无私的综述,并且才可成功书写一部鲜活的信史。
中国这一百年来(一八四二至一九四三)的命运,真正是从乐土跌入了地狱,又从地狱爬回到乐土,一个四千年历史上从未有的大转捩期。在道光二十年(一八四〇)鸦片战争以前,中国虽然内部已经空虚,但外表承乾嘉余荫,还是金光灿烨!南京条约以后,绑上第一条枷锁!割了第一块骨肉!以后一条一条地绑上无量数的枷锁:一块一块地割了无量数的骨肉!受着这样“凌迟”的惨刑,简直堕入地狱的底层,最惨痛苦楚的时期,正在这一百年的中间。自甲午(一八九四)中日之战,至庚子(一九〇〇)联军之役,那时瓜分的酷刑,已为全世界所宣判定了。稍有血性的国民,都想蹈东海而自杀:陈天华就是著名的代表之一。梁启超,正是生长在这个最黑暗地狱底层的有血有泪有志气的一位满身创伤的青年。他也屡次想跳海而死,但他坚决地相信中国必然不亡,并且断然复兴,所以他在全然无望之中,挣扎奋斗。但是,可怜,他到死始终不见义师的统一中华。他是在黑暗地狱中过了一生的“盲鱼”!虽然他的心是不盲的。别人我不知道,使我而处在梁氏的时代,我恐怕要终日恸哭呕血而死了。
第二节 梁氏生前中国一般的惨况
一 陷落于绝望的深渊
我们现在来回头看看梁氏的时代与环境:
……我国民全陷落于失望时代。希望政府,政府失望!希望疆吏,疆吏失望!希望政党,政党失望!希望自力,自力失望!希望他力,他力失望!忧国之士,溢其热血,绞其脑浆,于彼乎?于此乎?惶惶求索者有年,而无一路之可通;而心血为之倒行,脑浆为之瞀乱!……(《饮冰室自由书》)
所以康有为吟着“或劝蹈海未忍去,且歌《惜誓》留人间”的诗,后来梁启超还是告其友明水:“使中国而诚无可为,我惟有蹈东海以死耳!”到底那时环境的现状是怎么样的呢?西洋浪人所常常举例宣传,乃至照片绘画中的鸦片、八股、小脚、长辫、笞臀、杀头、花酒、磕头等怪状,这是最粗浅的有形的外症,人人所知道的。如果稍微放眼深刻地一看,那就更可悲了。
二 天灾人祸
放眼先展望那时代整个的国家,则是:
……地利不辟,人满为患。河北诸省,岁虽中收,犹道殣相望。京师一冬,死者千计。一有水旱,道路不通,运赈无术:任其填委,十室九空。滨海小民,无所得食,逃至南洋美洲诸地,鬻身为奴,犹被驱迫……驯者转于沟壑,黠者流为盗贼。教匪会匪,蔓延九州,伺隙而动。工艺不兴,商务不讲,土货日见减色,而他人投我所好,制造百物,畅销内地。漏卮日甚,脂膏将枯。(《论不变法之害》)
三 道德的堕落
以上还可以委之于自然及外来之灾祸!然而亡清末年的“汉族奴才”,经过三百年恐怖的大淫威的压迫,其制造奴根性的政策,居然成功,汉人那时不免大部分呈现着可悲痛的症象。《因明集》有一首古乐府名“奴才好”,刻画得透彻淋漓:
奴才好,奴才好,勿管内政与外交,大家鼓里且睡觉。古人有句常言道:“臣当忠,子当孝。”大家切勿胡乱闹。满清入关三百年,我的奴才做惯了。他的江山他的财,他要分人听他好。转瞬洋人来,依旧要奴才。他开矿产我做工,他开洋行我细崽,他要招兵我去当,他要通事我也会。内地还有“甲必丹”,收赋治狱荣巍巍。……什么流血与革命,什么自由与均财……我辈奴仆当戒之,福泽所关慎所归。“大金”“大元”“大清朝”,主人国号已屡改;“大德”“大法”“大日本”,换个国号任便戴!奴才好,奴才乐,世有强者我便服!三分刁黠七分媚,世事何者为龌龊……灭种覆族事遥遥,此事解人几难索?……奴才好,奴才好,奴才到处皆为家,何必保种与保国!
这是蒋智由先生沉痛的血泪,今日吾辈青年读之,真欲怒发冲冠,而在当时可并不认为是严重的怪象。这种“严重的怪象”,真所谓“国家将亡,必有妖孽”。绝不是含血喷人的污蔑、危词耸听的肆谈。
四 思想的颠倒
远在梁、蒋以前,以谨朴著称的郭嵩焘,已记其亲眼所见云:
……及至京师,折于喧嚣之议论,噤不得发。窃谓中国人之心有万不可解者:西洋为害之烈,莫甚于鸦片烟。英国士绅,亦自耻其以害人者为构衅中国之具也,方谋所以禁绝之。中国士大夫,甘心陷溺,恬不为悔。数十年来,国家之耻,耗竭财力,毒害民生,无一人引为疚心。钟表玩具,家家有之。呢绒洋布之属,遍及穷荒僻壤。江、浙风俗,至于舍国家钱币,而专行使洋钱,且昂其价,漠然无知其非者。一闻修造铁路、电报,痛心疾首,群起阻难。至有以见洋人机器为公愤者;曾劼刚(纪泽)乘坐南京小轮船至长沙,官绅起而大哗,数年不息。是甘心承人之害,以使朘吾之脂膏;而挟全力自塞其利源,蒙不知其何心也!……(《郭筠仙集与李鸿章书》)
五 民智的固陋
越十余年,梁氏之所亲见的,又变本加厉了。他说:
……吾少而居乡里,长而游京师,及各省大都会,颇尽识朝野间之人物。问其子弟,有知国家为何物者乎?无有也!其相语则曰:如何而可以入泮,如何而可以中举也。问其商民,有知国家之危者乎?无有也!其相语则曰:如何而可以谋利,如何而可以骄人也。问其士大夫,有以国家为念者乎?无有也!其相语则曰:如何而可以得官,可以得差,可以得馆地也。问其官吏,有以国事为事者乎?无有也!其相语则曰:某缺肥,某缺瘠,如何而可以逢迎长官,如何而可以盘踞要津也。问其大臣,有知国耻,忧国难,思为国除弊而兴利者乎?无有也!但入则坐堂皇,出则鸣八驺,颐指气使,穷侈极欲也。……于广坐之中,若有谈国家者,则指而目之曰:是狂人也,是痴人也。其人习而久之……则亦自觉其可耻,钳口结舌而已。
……

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欣叶 御大福 芋头麻薯 180g

周销量 600+

$1.66 $1.99 83折

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