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Jingdong book

外国人眼中的中国人：诸葛亮

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Books Biography Historical Figure

Jingdong book

外国人眼中的中国人：诸葛亮

Name: 外国人眼中的中国人：诸葛亮
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3107015781
Price: 23.87 USD
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《外国人眼中的中国人：诸葛亮》以诸葛亮前半生经历为主经线，以重大历史事件、众多人物为纬线，不但以诸葛亮为主侧重描述了蜀汉集团的英雄人物，在时间、事件、人物、历史背景方面也完全根据史料，无一虚构。
外国人眼中的中国人系列，有
《外国人眼中的中国人：拔都汗》
《外国人眼中的中国人：成吉思汗》
《外国人眼中的中国人：成吉思汗后世子孙》
《外国人眼中的中国人：曾国藩》
《外国人眼中的中国人：康熙大帝》
《外国人眼中的中国人：慈禧》
《外国人眼中的中国人：溥仪》
《外国人眼中的中国人：袁世凯》
《外国人眼中的中国人：孙中山》
《外国人眼中的中国人：费起鹤和孔祥熙》

Content Description

内藤湖南是具有重要国际影响力的汉学家，日本京都汉学派的奠基人之一。他搜集和引用了数百种史料，进行严格考证，综合历代史家观点，进行客观的比较分析，解读了中国历史上最大隐士诸葛亮在乱世中生存和崛起的全过程，对诸葛亮的家世渊源、隆中对以及赤壁之战提出令人耳目一新的观点。

Author Description

内藤湖南，本名虎次郎，日本近代研究中国学的重要学者，京都学派创始人之一，他的代表作有《中国上古史》和《清史通论》等。他培养了许多汉学界知名的弟子，如稻田君山、鸳元一、神田喜一郎、梅原末治、矢野仁一、武内义雄等，都出自他的门下。说到底，内藤湖南对世界汉学界闻名遐迩的京都学派的创建和发展功不可没。

Catalogue

第一章诸葛亮的出生地及其先祖

第二章诸葛亮幼年、青年时期及躬耕岁月

第三章三顾茅庐得三分之策

第四章赤壁之战

第五章据有益州

第六章平定汉中与荆州失陷

第七章昭烈正号

诸葛亮年谱

附录

Book Abstract

诸葛亮与刘备君臣走到一起之后，便开始慢慢将他的计划付诸实践，而现在他们的事业还处于刚刚起步阶段。
下一年即建安十三年，曹操成为丞相，并攻打了北方的乌桓。他在消灭了袁绍的两个儿子回来以后，便开辟玄武池训练水军，想以此开辟南方领土。
现在的南方诸侯中，只有刘表的地方最接近中原，刘表所能依仗的，就是襄阳的险要地形和正在他的地盘做客的刘备了。
要说天下间曹操最害怕谁，刘备绝对是首当其冲。曹操攻打袁绍的时候，刘备正在和董承密谋一起除掉曹操。
后来，董承失败而死，曹操想要攻击刘备，诸将都不明白他为什么要弃袁绍而追刘备。曹操对他们说，刘备是人杰，如果现在不击败他的话，以后一定会成为大患。
不久，刘备投奔袁绍，又归顺刘表，七年之间，刘备受到了刘表的礼遇却不被他重用，《九州春秋》说道：
备住荆州数年，尝于表坐起至厕，见髀里肉生，慨然流涕。还坐，表怪问备，备曰：“吾常身不离鞍，髀肉皆消。今不复骑，髀里肉生。日月若驰，老将至矣，而功业不建，是以悲耳。”
刘表对刘备礼遇，是因为他们都是汉朝遗孤而不忍心让刘备流浪，然而背地里他却对刘备加以防范。这就使得刘备离他的霸业越来越远。而曹操却在此期间扩大了疆土。
曹操早就知道刘备善得人心，荆襄一天不安定，刘备的基业就越有可能成功建立，曹操就越发不能高枕而卧。
于是，平定北方之后，曹操首先要做的自然就是向荆襄用兵，以去除刘备这个肘腋之患，当然，这也是当时大势所趋。
当时，马超、韩遂等人虽在关陇（甘肃东部）非常嚣张跋扈，但他们本来就不是什么有深谋远略的人。刘璋所在的益州较为偏远，他本身又是懦弱不争之人，那么，他最后的结果就可想而知了。江东孙权，此时年纪尚小，不足畏惧，况且如果想攻取他的地方，那么占领长江上游的荆州会使曹操更加如虎添翼。因此，曹操想先攻取刘表的荆州。
攻击刘表，也意味着攻击他这一生的对手刘备。刘表死后，他的儿子刘琮投降，把荆州拱手送与曹操，但是这些仍未将刘备逼到穷迫的境地。
曹操想乘此机会平定江东，同时也想把刘备逼到绝境，除非刘备逃到南方越地，或是北方胡地，否则绝不放过他。同时，曹操也想借此机会一举占领东南地区。
此时，孙策已死，江东这个地方已经惊动了中原地区，而辅佐孙权的人中，能够引起曹操注意的只有张纮、张昭。像鲁肃这样的青年人，又怎么会入曹操的眼呢。刘备东下江陵，孙氏必定束手在侧，所以曹操所说的占领东南，并不一定实现不了。如果没有周瑜、鲁肃的话，即使刘备英雄了得，诸葛亮足智多谋，也没有他们的用武之地。
曹公是智者千虑，必有一失。他考虑到了张纮、张昭，考虑到了刘备、关羽和张飞，却没能够考虑到诸葛亮、周瑜和鲁肃，使自己的如火之势，忽然在东南遭遇挫折，而诸葛亮的计谋，正是致使曹操失败的原因之一。
这一年秋天的七月，曹操准备攻击刘表，可是还没有到达荆州，刘表便因病去世了。这时，刘琦已经出任江夏太守，听闻刘表病得很重，便回去探望父亲。
刘琦生性慈孝，刘表的妻弟蔡瑁、外甥张允经常在刘表面前说刘琦的坏话。他们害怕，如果让刘琦见到刘表，触动二人的父子之情，而使刘表将荆州托付给刘琦。于是，他们就对刘琦说：“将军命君抚临江夏，为国东籓，其任至重；今释众而来，必见谴怒，伤亲之欢心以增其疾，非孝敬也。”从而把刘琦阻止在了刘表的屋外，使刘琦不得和刘表相见，最终只得涕泪而去。
刘表死后，蔡瑁、张允等人扶持刘琮继承了刘表的领地，刘琮曾想授予刘琦侯印，却被愤怒的刘琦扔到了地上。刘琦本来准备在奔丧之时趁机发难，却因为曹操的大军将至而没有实现。
章陵太守蒯越是刘表的谋士，他与从事中郎韩嵩以及东曹掾傅巽等人都劝说刘琮归降曹操。
刘琮说：“今与诸君据全楚之地，守先君之业，以观天下，何为不可乎”。
傅巽说：“逆顺有大体，强弱有定势。以人臣而拒人主，逆也；以新造之楚而御国家，其势弗当也；以刘备而敌曹公，又弗当也。三者皆短，欲以抗王兵之锋，必亡之道也。将军自料何与刘备。”
刘琮道：“吾不若也。”
傅巽道：“诚以刘备不足御曹公乎，则虽保楚之地，不足以自存也；诚以刘备足御曹公乎，则备不为将军下也。原将军勿疑。”
刘琮听从了傅巽的话，在九月份曹操到达新野的时候，将荆州献给曹操投降了。
此时，刘备正屯兵于樊城，而刘琮没敢把投降一事告诉刘备。不过，久而久之刘备也有所察觉，便遣亲信询问刘琮。刘琮命令他的属下宋忠对刘备宣旨，而此时曹操已在宛城。
刘备大为惊骇，对宋忠说：“卿诸人作事如此，不早相语，今祸至方告我，不亦太剧乎？”并拿起刀来对宋忠说：“今断卿头，不足以解忿，亦耻丈夫临别复杀卿辈。”便让宋忠走了。然后，刘备唤来部下进行商讨。
有人劝刘备不管刘琮，带着荆州的将士直接到南面的江陵去。刘备想到了刘表，为全大义，而没有听从。
刘备率领他的部下离开了樊城。路过襄阳的时候，诸葛亮对刘备说：“攻琮，荆州可有。”
刘备说：“吾不忍也”。
刘备便停下马来呼唤刘琮，刘琮恐惧得都起不来了。刘备经过刘表墓的时候，涕泣而去。此时，刘琮已经背信弃义，将荆州拱手送入敌人手中。
诸葛亮本来已经想到了应对之策，虽然时间仓促，但诸葛亮仍旧看透了大局，没有遗漏任何一个细小的地方。然而，他的计划最终没有得以实施。刘备本来就欠缺应对紧急事情的才华。他攻取益州的时候也并不是一下子就决定，而是经过诸位谋臣再三劝说，才同意的。而且此时刘备的话是出于情义，有感而发，诸葛亮也不能强逼他听从自己。
正在刘备踌躇的时候，曹操带兵就要过来了。一旦襄阳被曹操占领，即使有赤壁之战的胜利，襄阳是不可能再次夺回来了。关羽威震华夏，虽然曾经一度攻取襄阳郡，却仍然以败亡告终，使得襄阳这块险要之地，全部落入敌人手中。
等到诸葛亮进军中原之时，也只能绕路陇右，备尝艰险，而这一切的源头，就是在此刻的一招之失。诸葛亮没有来得及细说此处地形的重要性，因为时间紧急，只能匆匆看过，而刘备又怕因为乘人有丧事之时袭击他人，会被别人非议，所以他们失去了这块险要之地。现在，我们只能这样稍稍为他们辩解一下了。
刘备向南面撤退时，有很多荆州百姓以及刘琮的手下前来投奔，到达当阳时，已经大概有十几万人，辎重数千辆，每天只能走十多里（相当于现在的一里多）。另外，刘备还派遣关羽带领数百艘船在江陵接应。
刘备在陆上赶路，每天都耽误不少时间。有人对他说：“宜速行保江陵，今虽拥大众，被甲者少，若曹公兵至，何以拒之？”
刘备说：“夫济大事必以人为本，今人归吾，吾何忍弃去”。
……

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Jingdong book

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