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Jingdong book

王安石传

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王安石传

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王安石是北宋神宗年间名臣,一位伟大的改革家。他的变法也饱受世人的争议。本书作者梁启超本身也是一位改革家,曾参与清末轰轰烈烈的戊戌变法运动。为王安石作传,包含着梁启超对自己人生的感慨。所以他称赞王安石“安石不仅为中国大政治家,亦为中国大文学家。其德量汪然若千顷之陂,其气节岳然若万仞之壁。其学术集九流之粹,其文章起八代之衰。其所设施之事功,适应于时代之要求而救其弊;其良法美意,往往传诸今日莫之能废。”《王安石传》是代表其立宪理想的现代传记经典。梁启超在该书中引用多种史料钩沉发微、衡量是非,力图还原一个真实的王安石、一段真实的北宋中期的历史。本书视角独特、史实丰富、论述严谨、评价公允,可谓是人物传记中的经典之作,读来耳目一新,启人心智。此书呈现了改革家眼中的改革家,变法者眼中的变法者,见解尤为独到。读此书,既有助于理解中国历史,也有很强的现实意义。
Content Description

北宋时期王安石的变法,在传统中国社会中一直饱受攻击与诟病,尽管也有一些辩诬之作,但总体影响不大。梁启超的《王安石传》则是20世纪为王安石及其新法翻案的首出之作,基本奠定了近代以来对王安石变法评价的基调,影响深远。本书详尽叙述了荆公的时代、荆公的传略、执政前的荆公、荆公与神宗、荆公的政事,分民政财政军事教育选举等;荆公之武功、罢政后的荆公、新政的成绩、新政的阻挠与破坏,荆公之用人与交友、荆公之家庭、荆公之学术与文学等。梁启超在该书中引用多种史料钩沉发微、衡量是非,力图还原一个真实的王安石、一段真实的北宋中期的历史。同时,梁启超也借王安石的政治主张抒发自己的改革理想。
Author Description

梁启超(1873—1929),字卓如,号任公、饮冰室主人等,广东新会人。中国近代史上著名的政治活动家、思想家、学者。曾与其师康有为共同倡导变法维新,并称“康梁”;后则主共和,反对帝制;晚年专以著述讲学为务,是清华国学院四大导师之一。其著作合编为《饮冰室合集》。
Catalogue

例言
第一章 叙论
第二章 荆公之时代(上)
第三章 荆公之时代(下)
第四章 荆公之略传
第五章 执政前之荆公(上)
第六章 执政前之荆公(中)
第七章 执政前之荆公(下)
第八章 荆公与神宗
第九章 荆公之政术(一)
第十章 荆公之政术(二)
第十一章 荆公之政术(三)
第十二章 荆公之政术(四)
第十三章 荆公之武功
第十四章 罢政后之荆公
第十五章 新政之成绩
第十六章 新政之阻挠及破坏(上)
第十七章 新政之阻挠及破坏(下)
第十八章 荆公之用人及交友
第十九章 荆公之家庭
第二十章 荆公之学术
第二十一章 荆公之文学(上)
第二十二章 荆公之文学(下)

Book Abstract

《王安石传》:
第二章 荆公之时代(上)
自有史以来,中国之不竞,未有甚于宋之时者也。宋之不竞,其故安在?始焉起于太祖之猜忌,中焉成于真、仁之泄沓,终焉断送于朋党之挤排。而荆公则不幸而丁夫其间,致命遂志以与时势抗,而卒未能胜之者也,知此则可与语荆公矣。
宋艺祖之有天下,实创前史未有之局。何以言之?昔之有天下者,或起藩封,或起草泽,或以征诛,或以篡禅。周秦以前,其为天子者,大率与前代之主俱南面而治者数百年,不必论矣。乃若汉唐之兴,皆承大乱之余,百战以剪除群雄,其得之也甚艰,而用力也甚巨。次则曹操、刘裕之俦,先固尝有大功于天下,为民望所系,即等而下之,若萧道成、萧衍辈,亦久立乎人之本朝,处心积虑以谋此一席者有年,羽翼已就,始一举而获之。惟宋不然,以区区一殿前都检点,自始未尝有赫赫之功也,亦非敢蓄异志觊非常也。陈桥之变,醉卧未起,黄袍已加,夺国于孤儿寡妇手中,日未旰而事已毕。故其初誓诸将也,日:“汝等贪富贵,立我为天子,我有号令,汝等能禀乎?”盖深惮之之词也。由此观之,前此之有天下者,其得之皆以自力,惟宋之得之以他力。夫能以他力取诸人以予我者,则亦将能以他力夺诸我以予人。艺祖终身所惴惴者,惟此一事;而有宋积弱之大原,皆基于是矣。
以将士拥立天子,创于宋。以将士劫天子而拥立帅,则不起于宋而起于唐。唐代诸藩镇之有留后也,皆陈桥之先声,而陈桥之役,不过因其所习行者加之厉而已。夫废置天子而出于将士之手,其可畏固莫甚焉。即不然,而将士常得有所拥以劫天子,则宋之为宋,固不能一日而以即安。宋祖有怵于此,故篡周以后,他无所事,而惟以弱其兵弱其将为事。夫藩镇之毒天下,垂二百年,摧陷而廓清之,孰云非当?然谊辟之所以处此,必将有道矣,导之以节制,而使之为国家捍城。古今中外之有国者,未闻有以兵之强为患者也。宋则不然,汲汲焉务弱举国之民,以强君主之一身,曾不思举国皆弱而君主果何术以自强者。宋祖之言日:卧榻之侧,岂容他人鼾睡。而不计寝门之外,大有人图侬焉。夫宋祖之所见则限于卧榻而已,此宋之所以为宋也。
汉唐之创业也,其人主皆有统一宇内澄清天下之远志。宋则何有焉?五季诸镇,其芟夷削平之功,强半在周世宗,宋祖乃晏坐而收其成。所余江南蜀粤,则其君臣弄文墨恣嬉游,甚者淫虐是逞,人心解体。
兵之所至,从风而靡。其亡也,乃其自亡,而非宋能亡之也。而北有辽,西有夏,为宋室百年之患者,宋祖未尝一留意也。谓是其智不及欤,殆非然,彼方汲汲于弱中国,而安有余力以及此也。
自石敬瑭割燕云十六州以赂契丹,为国史前此未有之耻辱,及周世宗,几雪之矣。显德六年,三关之捷,契丹落胆,使天假世宗以期年之寿,则全燕之光复,意中事也。即陈桥之役,其发端固自北伐,其时将士相与谋者,固犹日先立点检为天子然后出征也。
使宋祖能乘契丹凋敝震恐之时,用周氏百战之兵以临之,刘裕桓温之功,不难就也。既不出此,厥后曹翰献取幽州之策,复以赵普一言而罢。夫岂谓幽州之不当取不可取,惧取之而唐代卢龙、魏博之故辙将复见也。①自是以后,辽遂得夜郎自大以奴畜宋人。太宗北伐,倾国大举,而死伤过半。帝中流矢,二岁而创溃以崩。乃益务寝兵,惟戢首贴耳悉索敝赋以供岁币。真宗澶渊之役,王钦若请幸江南,陈尧叟请幸蜀,使非有寇莱公,则宋之南渡,岂俟绍兴哉。然虽有一莱公,而终不免于城下之盟。至仁宗时,而岁币增于前者又倍,辽之病宋也若此。
李氏自唐以来,世有银夏,阻于一方,服食仰给中国,翘首而望内属之日久。及河东既下,李继捧遂来归,既受之使移镇彰德。苟乘此时,易四州之帅,选虎臣以镇抚之,鼓厉其吏士而重用之,既可以断契丹之右臂,而久任之部曲,尚武之边民,各得效其材勇以图功名,宋自此无西顾忧矣。乃太宗赵普,袭艺祖之故智,誓不欲以马肥士勇盐池沃壤付诸矫矫之臣,坐令继迁叛归,而复纵继捧以还故镇,徒长寇而示弱。故继捧北附于契丹,继迁且伪受降以缓敌。及元昊起,而帝制自雄,虔刘西土,不特掣中国而使之不得不屈于北狄,乃敢援例以索岁币,而宋莫之谁何。
以大事小,为古今中外历史所未前闻。夏之病宋也若此。
夫当宋建国之始,辽已稍濒于弱,而夏尚未底于强。使宋之兵力稍足以自振,其于折箠以鞭笞之也,宜若非难。顾乃养痈数十年而卒以自敝者,则艺祖独有之心法,务弱其兵弱其将以弱其民。传诸后昆,以为成法,士民习之,而巽懦无勇,遂为有宋一代之风气。迨真、仁以还,而含垢忍辱,视为固然者,盖已久矣。而神宗与荆公,即承此极敝之末流,荷无量之国仇国耻于其仔肩,而蹶然以兴者也。
……

Introduction

本书以发挥荆公政术为第一义,故于其所创诸新法之内容及其得失,言之特详,而往往以今世欧美政治比较之,使读者于新旧知识咸得融会。
《宋史》记熙丰事实者成于南渡以后史官之手,而元人因而袭之,皆反对党之言,不可征信。今于其污蔑荆公处皆一一详辩之,别为考异若干条。
荆公不仅为中国大政治家,亦为中国大文学家,故于其诗文采录颇多。其散见于前各章者,皆与政治有关系者也。其仅足为文章模范者,亦撷十数首录入末二章,使读者得缘此以窥全豹。
属稿时所资之参考书不下百种,其取材最富者为金谿蔡元凤先生之《王荆公年谱》。先生名上翔,乾嘉间人,学问之博赡,文章之渊懿皆为近世所罕见,所著年谱凡二十五卷,杂录二卷,成书时年已八十有八,盖毕生精力瘁于是矣。其书流传极少,而其人亦不见称于并世士大夫,殆不求闻达之君子耶。爰志数语,以谂史官。
本书行文,信笔而成,不复覆视,芜衍疏略,自知不免,尚希海内方闻之士有以教之。

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Jingdong book