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Jingdong book

彩书坊 读故事学汉字

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彩书坊 读故事学汉字

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Content Description

汉字是国学基础,中国汉字内容丰富,含义更加丰富。每个字里都有着有趣的由来和演变,也蕴藏着无数生动而优美的故事。让孩子通过每一个汉字来了解中国的文化,是个既生动又有趣的过程。孩子们更容易接受,印象也更加深刻。


Author Description

陈广涛,从事图书编辑创作工作多年,参与创作中韩两国绘本类项目不计其数,有丰富的童书创作经验,目前参与一些国内的原创项目。


Catalogue

草木皆兵

杞人忧天

先发制人

一日千里

吴牛喘月

刮目相待

沧海桑田

愚公移山

指鹿为马

惊弓之鸟

螳臂当车

庖丁解牛

亡羊补牢

两袖清风

未雨绸缪

风吹草动

大义灭亲

画蛇添足

江郎才尽

黄袍加身

精卫填海

胸有成竹

揠苗助长

程门立雪

高山流水

一败涂地

乐不思蜀

秋毫无犯

照雪聚萤

一诺千金

劳苦功高

井底之蛙

安如泰山

举棋不定

对牛弹琴

四面楚歌

锦囊妙计

礼贤下士

鹬蚌相争

旗鼓相当

守株待兔

狐假虎威

投笔从戎

破釜沉舟

余音绕梁

闻鸡起舞

画龙点睛

洛阳纸贵

杯弓蛇影

兄弟

难兄难弟

千金买骨

釜底抽薪

叶公好龙

铁杵成针

望洋兴叹

抛砖引玉

众叛亲离

邯郸学步

黄粱一梦

望梅止渴

对症下药

矛盾

自相矛盾

买椟还珠

赤膊上阵


Book Abstract

字的起源

“木”字是个象形字。最早时这个字就像是一棵枝干完整的大树,上半部分很像树枝和树叶,下面就像是树根。这个字在古代被用来作木本植物的统称。现在的意思是“树木”“木材”。

草木皆兵

公元383年,前秦大王率领百万大军南下攻打东晋,大军驻扎在淝水北岸。前秦大王听闻东晋士兵不堪一击,于是派使者带八千士兵到南岸的东晋城下去劝降。

东晋知道秦军来了,派出了大将谢石、谢玄带领五千精兵出城偷袭了秦军的先头部队。

前秦大王得知秦军战败,大惊失色,马上登上城楼向淝水对岸观看。当时正是隆冬时节,又是阴天,远远望去,淝水上空灰蒙蒙一片。

再仔细看,淝水上桅杆林立,战船密布,东晋士兵阵容整齐,手握刀枪。前秦大王不禁心生寒意,又回头望向八公山,山上地势险要,东晋士兵的大本营就驻扎在山下,一阵风吹过,山上晃动的草木远远看去就像无数正在行动的东晋士兵。前秦大王顿时面如土色,下令撤退。

结果秦军在后退时自相践踏,溃不成军,打了个大败仗。这一战后,前秦瓦解,北方再一次分裂。

这一战就是我国历史上著名的淝水之战,是以少胜多、以弱胜强的典型战例。此战后便有了“风声鹤唳,草木皆兵”这个典故,意思是听到风的呼啸声和鹤的鸣叫声都以为是有敌军在追赶,看到晃动的草木都以为是敌人的士兵在行动。形容人在非常恐慌时,稍有一点儿风吹草动,就十分紧张害怕。



字的起源

“天”字属于象形字。因为人的头顶上就是天空,所以最早的“天”字是个突出人物头部的人形。后来表示人物头顶的圆形或方形被简化成了一横,慢慢变成了我们现在所写的“天”字。

杞人忧天

古时候杞国有个人,看到天就担心天会掉下来,看到地就担心地会塌下去。整天愁眉不展,提心吊胆的。

有个智慧的老人就跑去跟他解释说:“天不过是累积起来的气体,到处都有。你一举一动、一呼一吸都离不开它,我们整天都在空气里活动,为什么还会怕天掉下来呢?”

那个杞国人听了,狐疑地问:“天如果真的是气体堆起来的,那日月星辰挂在上面,就不会掉下来吗?”老人笑笑说:“日月星辰只是天上能发光的东西罢了。”杞人沉思了一下又问:“那要是地塌下去又怎么办呢?”那个老人又解释道:“地不过是堆积起来的土,你整天在地上走来走去,踩踏着泥土,不是很牢固吗?为什么要担心它会塌下去呢?”经过了这一番解释,杞人终于明白了,心头的千斤重担也放了下来。以后就过上了轻松安逸的日子。


字的起源

“人”字是一个象形字。甲骨文的“人”字是一个侧立的人形,短的一撇是为了表示人的手臂。这个字形突出表现了人类直立行走、能灵活运用双手的特征。现在的“人”字仍然保留着类似的结构。

先发制人

秦朝末年,项梁因为犯了罪,所以带着他的侄子项羽逃到了吴中。

不久,陈胜、吴广发动了农民起义,动摇了秦王朝的统治。一些地方官吏也都纷纷起兵反秦。会稽郡守仰慕项家叔侄的名气,便邀请项梁和项羽来共商大事。项梁说:“现在江西附近好多地方都起兵反秦,这是灭秦的大好机会啊!先出手的,就会有利于将来控制别人;后出手的,以后就难免要受别人的控制了。”

后来,项梁和项羽便在吴中举兵反秦,最终成就了项羽“西楚霸王”的盛名。


字的起源

“日”字是一个象形字。用一个圆形中间画一横或一点儿来表示太阳,主要是为了与其他圆形的东西相区别。后来的“日”字逐渐演变为我们现在所用的方块字,形状就跟太阳不太像了。

一日千里

相传,西周时期有个叫造父的人非常善于驾马,无论多么狂躁彪悍的马,只要到了他的手里都会非常温顺,听他驱使。凭着高超的驾马技术,造父很快声名远播。

周穆王听说了造父的本事后,就派人把造父请来,并宠信于他。造父也为取悦周穆王,多次到夸父山选马,先后共选了八匹好马。周穆王非常高兴,分别为它们取了名字,并统称为“八骏”。当时,一般的车子都是四匹马拉的,而周穆王却让造父用这八匹马来拉一辆车。准备好后,周穆王交代好朝政,便出发到西方去游历了。

造父一路上展示着自己的驾马技术,八匹马跑得飞快,周穆王看着两旁的田野村庄飞快地向后退去,连跟随的侍卫都被远远地抛在了后面,不由得满意地笑了起来。很快,周穆王便来到了鸟语花香、金碧辉煌的西王母国。

年轻美丽的西王母热情地接待了这位远道而来的贵宾。一个月的时间很快就过去了,周穆王几乎忘了他自己那远在东方的国家。

一天傍晚,一位满头大汗的武士来到了西王母国,给周穆王送来了一封密信。周穆王看过信后大惊失色,原来他离开自己国家不久,徐偃王得知了天子远赴西方游历的事情,趁机起兵造反了。现在中原形势危急,京城人心浮动,大臣们都请求周穆王尽快回去。周穆王当机立断,马上命令造父备车回国。

启程后,造父施展全身本领,八匹骏马顿时撒开马蹄狂奔起来,一日跑千里,只用了三天三夜便回到了京城。好险啊!周穆王刚回到京城就得知徐偃王的大军已经到了渭水南岸,准备向京城发起攻击了。周穆王赶紧调集兵马,并向楚国派出信使,请他们出兵协助。部署完毕后,他便亲自率领精锐部队出城与敌人决战。

周穆王在楚国军队的协助下彻底打败了徐偃王。事后,周穆王论功行赏,把赵城赐给造父作为封地。

后来,“一日千里”就用来比喻进展极快了。

……

Introduction

若把华夏文明比喻成一棵枝繁叶茂的大树,那么汉字文化便是其中一根窈窕的枝丫。循着枝丫向主干探寻,可以发现当古老的先辈在龟甲和兽骨上刻下第一个原始符号,它便有了最初的源头。在几千年的演变中,这些原始符号经过金文、大篆、小篆、隶书、草书、楷书和行书等多次演变,最终成为今天的汉字。

如今,汉字是世界上硕果仅存的一种方块文字,它的间架结构、一笔一画都浓缩着先辈们的智慧。人们根据造字特点,特意总结出象形、会意、形声、指示、转注与假借等六种类型。这六种类型的汉字在本书中均有展现,比如依据外形特征来描绘的象形字,有人、木、日、月、山、雨等;根据形旁和声旁来表现的形声字,有棋、琴、纸等;由两个字根组合起来再衍生出新意的会意字,有苗、秋、步等。

那么,总共有多少个汉字呢?有人说三四万,有人说七八万,没人能给出一个精确的答案。不过能肯定一点的是:我们只需要掌握三四千个常用汉字,便可满足日常应用。更有意思的是,在掌握这些汉字的过程中,你会发现每个字的背后都藏着不少有趣的故事,有的关乎起源,有的关乎历史。

以“人”字为例,它是一个标准的象形字,最初是一个侧立的人形,现在则突出表现了人类直立行走的明显特征。与其有关的故事也俯拾皆是,比如先发制人、人定胜天、地广人息人才辈出等。再看“天”字,最早的“天”字是个突出人物头部的人形,后来上端被简化成一横,慢慢变为现在的样子,相关的故事有杞人忧天、天壤之别、天衣无缝等。

在几千年的发展与演变中,汉字派生出许多历史故事,组成了丰富的汉字文化。如果读者是一位有心人,可以从这本书中发现,它们不仅记载着思想和语言,同时也蕴含着哲理与警示。认读汉字品味汉字,其实就是在认识我们的历史,探寻我们的过去。


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About the brand

Jingdong book