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Yami

Jingdong book

老百姓的经济学

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老百姓的经济学

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经济学是一种工具,只有合理运用它,才能让我们更轻松地读懂生活的账本,才能对那句“不当家不知柴米贵”有更深切的体会。经济学既能让老百姓看懂大政方针、识破小奸小诈,也能教会我们为人处世的道理。《老百姓的经济学》抛弃艰涩难懂的理论陈述,通过深入浅出的语言,让老百姓从这些发生在街头巷尾的故事中,轻松读懂经济学,并学会用经济学的理性思维面对生活、理解生活。
Catalogue

第一章 风暴背后的理性与疯狂 垄断:天价“买路钱”
价格弹性:你见过食盐打折吗
均衡价格:“蒜你狠”会持续吗
吉芬商品:口红和房子都要买
信息不对称:买的不如卖的精
先动优势:功败垂成的“自由女神号”
互补品:麦当劳里卖可口可乐
流动性:汹涌的“钱”流
次贷危机:风暴背后的理性与疯狂
通货膨胀:钱都不值钱了

第二章 好日子就是忽略饭票
GDP:GDP大涨,你幸福了吗
CPI:“涨”声下的日子
价值规律:LV,谢绝还价
基尼系数:“苹果四代”和四袋苹果
节俭悖论:家务活还是交给保姆吧
马太效应:美国为什么能挺过来
恩格尔系数:好日子就是忽略饭票
收入效应和替代效应:怎样使用消费券
价格歧视:三六九等的“上帝”
消费者剩余:打折促销,你占便宜了吗

第三章 故意欠债9000亿元
财政政策:克林顿的功劳
财政赤字:故意欠债9000亿元
挤出效应:国债不能随便发
乘数效应:政府掏钱,市场受益
货币政策:央行怎么“管钱”
拉弗曲线:解放6000万人
利率:利率市场化改革
灯塔效应:路灯的电费谁掏
失业理论:流水线不需要大学生
货币冲销:狙击索罗斯

第四章 涨工资是大势所趋
机会成本:成吉思汗不会去放羊
路径依赖:梦想不在老路
鲶鱼效应:收回公务员的“铁饭碗”
入口红利:涨工资是大势所趋
首因效应:第一印象决定求职成败
内卷化效应:你与之相处的人就是你的未来
羊群效应:为什么都去考研
棘轮效应:工资只能升不能降
阿罗不可能性定理:让别人说去吧

第五章 让好人一生平安
劣币驱逐良币:让好人一生平安
囚徒困境:做人要厚道
沉没成本:昨日之事不可留
利润最大化:少妻们得到了什么
帕累托最优:雷锋总是快乐的
教育产业化:攒够多少钱,才能和你一起喝咖啡
权力寻租:“我爸是李刚”值多少钱
不值得定律:女大学生与地摊男的爱情
破窗理论:请不要随地吐痰
墨菲定律:故宫的文物你也敢偷
晕轮效应:月色太温柔

第六章 烫手的外国钞票
贸易顺差:谁在得了便宜卖乖
国际游资:烫手的外国钞票
汇率制度:怎样“参考一篮子货币”
人民币升值:避免走入“失去的十年”
商品倾销:低价卖给我也不行
洗钱:赖昌星的那些“脏钱”
外汇储备:3.2万亿美元外汇应该怎么花
进口限额:大豆变成战争武器
贸易保护:曲折的多哈回合谈判
Book Abstract

垄断:天价“买路钱”2010年,河南发生了一起震惊全国的“天价过路费”案:为了逃掉高速通行费,河南省禹州市的一位农民购买了两辆大货车后,拿着两套假军车牌照疯狂营运,8个月的时间里免费通行高速公路2361次,偷逃过路费,368万余元,获利20多万元。
暂且不讨论此案在法律层面上的意义,但就这两个数字就足以令人感叹:逃过了368万多元的过路费,才赚了20多万元,这买卖做得委实有点不靠谱啊!背后的原因是什么?从经济学方面考虑,这和垄断有很大关系。
什么叫垄断?打个比方,你可以摆摊卖早餐,也可以投巨资建个五星级酒店,但你不能自己修条高速公路,拦住大货车收过路费。
我们都知道,竞争性是市场经济的主要特性之一,我们能在市场上看到琳琅满目的产品,就是不同厂商进行激烈竞争的结果。寡头垄断是一种由少数卖方(寡头)主导市场的市场状态,比如,钢铁、石油、通信等行业。它的出现主要有两个原因。
其一,缘于市场竞争的垄断。比如,微软公司一步步壮大,最终通过功能强大的操作系统,占据了软件领域的霸主地位,从而形成垄断。
其二,缘于政府法定的行政垄断。比如供水、管道煤气等一些公共设施建设需要巨大的资金支持,如果交给市场,那么为了获取利益,市场参与者可能会偷工减料,而且由于所需资金庞大,一般的市场参与者不具备这个实力。而政府可以运用其行政手段和财政资金,更好地完成任务。
我们以中国通信行业的三大巨头:移动j联通、电信为例,来看看寡头垄断市场有什么特点。
1.厂商极少通信行业由于规模大、进入壁垒高,能进入其中的参与者很少。作为国家电信体制改革后崛起的三大国有企业,移动、联通、电信主导着中国的通信市场,对相关产品的价格具有绝对的影响力。
2.相互依存仔细观察就会发现,我们使用的移动、联通手机卡,它们的收费标准、优惠活动会越来越接近,任何一方都不会为了短期利益而出现“跳楼价”的现象。它们之间存在竞争,但也相互依存。
3.产品同质化移动推出“办移动卡,送手机”的活动,联通也会紧随其后,“办联通卡,送话费”;今天这家打出“亲情城市”的优惠,明天另一家就会推出“情侣派”……总之,寡头垄断市场中的产品都差不多,只是名称不同而已。
4.进出市场的壁垒高其他厂商进入相当困难,因为不仅在规模、资金、市场、原料、专利等方面,其他厂商难以与原有厂商匹敌,而且由于原有厂商相互依存,休戚相关,其他厂商不仅难以进入,也难以退出。
通信行业的性质决定了,个人的资金根本无法也无力参与其中。同样,一旦进入其中就很难退出,因为这不仅仅是一种市场行为,更关系到国家的经济大局。
打个比方,如果一家大型石油生产企业利润下滑,面临破产的危险,国家会对其进行资金扶持,使其渡过难关,因为如果该企业倒闭,会有大批工人下岗失业,而且石油产量锐减,对国家的经济安全也不利。
我们再来看这个“天价过路费”的案件。很多人都知道,高速公路能收不少钱,但并不是所有人都清楚,高速公路收费,竟然比从事证券、银行、房地产还要赚钱。
2010年,我国高速公路上市公司的财务报表显示,高速公路的盈利能力甚至超过了证券、银行和房地产,是中国最赚钱的行业。
在深市和沪市上市的路桥业公司共有19家,2010年,房地产业的领军企业——万科净利润率为14.36%,中国银行净利润率37.72%,中石油净利润率9.54%,但这19家高速公路上市公司的净利润率最高的竟达38.76%,最低的也达到了23.59%。
“过路费”由来已久。1984年,国务院出台了“贷款修路、收费还贷”政策,现有的公路网中,95%的高速公路、61%的一级公路、42%的二级公路都是依靠这一政策建成的。所有收费公路建设总投资当中,接近80%都是通过银行贷款和集资获得的。
但当高速公路的投资成本收回来之后,继续征收的过路费又去哪儿了呢?2008年,国家审计署对国内18个省、市收费公路进行了审计。结果发现,辽宁、湖北等16个省违规设置收费站158个,至2005年底,违规收取通行费149亿元;浙江、安徽等7省提高收费标准,多征收通行费82亿多元;山东、北京等12个省市35条经营性公路,通行费收入高出投资成本数倍乃至10倍以上。
另外,有18个省、市政府和交通部门将291亿元,应专项用于还贷的通行费收入改用于其他项目。财政性资金投入和经营性公路所形成的国有股权收益,以及转让公路国有资产取得的转让收益中,有58亿元遭闲置或被挪用,根本没有用于公路再建设或偿还贷款;17.9亿元被挪用于建楼堂馆所、投资股票和对外投资,用来还贷的钱不及收到的过路费的十分之一。
这些做法已违背了“贷款修路、收费还贷”政策的初衷,实质是将政府提供公共产品的一部分责任转嫁给社会和公众。
作为公共设施的高速公路,竟然成了最赚钱的盈利工具,而代表国家和公众管理高速公路的交通系统国有企业,成为了高速公路最大的受益者。
不仅如此,由于一些部门手握重权,可以制订法规,可以确立市场规则,比如高速公路的收费时限是15年还是20年,是30年还是50年,都由它们说了算。这样,国家利益被部门化、公司化之后,更是被制度化了。
……
Introduction

超市里的衣服为什么比地摊上的贵?华尔街金融风暴和中国大学生就业有关系吗?《海角七号》难道仅仅是因为纯情,就能让经济危机下的凡夫俗子4天掏出200万?为什么在市郊建设公园,就能解决困扰美国电车运营商的难题?这些现象都是我们老百姓所关注的,也揭示了经济学的基本原理。
经济学就在老百姓的日常生活中。每天一睁眼,柴米油盐酱醋茶。
哪一样都得精打细算,哪一样都是一种经济现象。
今天,超市的猪肉、大蒜又涨价了。物价狂奔,经济学家们说“CPI”涨了,老百姓可能弄不懂这个英文缩写是什么意思,但它就隐藏在人们的菜篮子、米袋子里。
还有诸如“基尼系数”、“恩格尔系数”、“马太效应”、“替代效应”之类的名词,都是老百姓生活的客观反映。
经济学是一种工具,合理运用它,能让我们更轻松地读懂生活的账本,对那句“不当家不知柴米贵”有更深切的体会。
老百姓的柴米油盐要算计,国家在制定大政方针时也要有根有据,这也要用到经济学。
虽然中国已经进入市场经济时代,但这并不意味着,政府就能轻松,地当一个“甩手掌柜”。没有财政支持。投资超过2200亿的京沪高铁就很难贯通;没有宏观调控,落后地区的教育将难以发展。甚至,如果任由市场自发调节,我们都得为路灯掏电费。
安排专项财政资金,改善中小企业融资环境;调控楼市,建设经济适用房;提高存款准备金率,抑制投资过热……这些我们经常看到的新闻报道,就是政府在运用经济学原理,调控宏观经济。
毕业了,是工作还是考研?别人都说保险代理人工资很高,是真的吗?厌恶了现在的职位,可又怕辞职后很难再找到类似的工作,怎么办?猎头公司多次找到我,我应该跳槽吗?身处职场,当这些问题接踵而至的时候,不要迷茫也不要盲目决定。
先静下心来,用理性经济人的思维去寻找解决的对策。
没错,经济学也能帮你解决职场问题。通过经济学特有的理性思维,我们能重新认识职业生涯中存在的问题,摆脱职业发展困境,拨开云雾见晴天,让自己更明智地做出选择。
经济学有一个假设:人都是理性人。其卖,不管是在为人处事方面,还是在情感世界中,大多数人也都是理性的。
经济学中,劣币会把良币驱逐出去,这是否意味着,好人没有好报?如何才能让好人一生平安?在权衡取舍利弊的时候。
你会和经济学家一样,陷入一种“囚徒困境”。此时你会发现,做人还是厚道一点为好;好的社会秩序会潜移默化地影响人的行为,而杂乱的环境让破坏肆无忌惮。
所以,不要轻视一句“不要随地吐痰”的劝告。一个不文明的举止,将会产生破坏力巨大的“破窗效应”。
经济学既能让老百姓看懂大政方针、识破小奸小诈,也能教会我们为人处世的道理。
现在,“关起门来搞经济”已经不行了,我们需要走出去,和外国人打交道。此时,就出现了“两家人不说一家话”的情况。各有各的理儿,各有各的利,“家规”也不一样,就不能只按照自己的“家规”办事了。
我们要按照国际规则办事,并参透和外国人玩“经济游戏”的玄机。
美国一个劲儿叫嚣“人民币必须升值”,并不是觉得人民币的“身价”的确应该提高,而是被自己家巨额的外债逼得心慌;低价将皮鞋卖给外国人,但外国人可能不领情,反而会倒打一耙,给你扣上个“倾销”的罪名;十多年了,多哈回合谈判谈了一轮又一轮,但就是没有一个皆大欢喜的完美结局,其中的症结是什么呢?以上这些疑问,我们都将在这本书中为您一一解答。
我们抛弃艰涩难懂的理论陈述,通过深入浅出的语言,让老百姓从这些就发生在街头巷尾的故事中,轻松读懂经济学,并学会用经济学的理性思维面对生活,理解生活。

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Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Yami Cross-store Free Shipping over $69
Yami 30-days Return

Yami-China FC

Yami has a consolidation warehouse in China which collects multiple sellers’ packages and combines to one order. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to your door. Cross-store free shipping over $69.

Return Policy

You may return products within 30 days upon receiving the products. Sellers take responsibilities for any wrong shipment or missing items. Packing needs to be unopened for any other than quality issues return. We promise to pack carefully, but because goods are taking long journey to destinations, simple damages to packaging may occur. Any damages not causing internal goods quality problems are not allowed to return. If you open the package and any quality problem is found, please contact customer service within three days after receipt of goods.

Shipping Information

Yami Consolidation Service Shipping Fee $9.99(Free shipping over $69)

Sellers in China will ship their orders within 1-2 business days once the order is placed. Packages are sent to our consolidation warehouse in China and combined there. Our Yami consolidation warehouse will directly ship the packages to you via UPS. The average time for UPS to ship from China to the United States is about 10 working days and it can be traced using the tracking number. Due to the pandemic, the delivery time may be delayed by about 5 days. The package needs to be signed by the guest. If the receipt is not signed, the customer shall bear the risk of loss of the package.

Sold by JD@CHINA

Service Guarantee

Free shipping over 69
Genuine guarantee

Shipping

Yami Consolidated Shipping $9.99(Free shipping over $69)


Seller will ship the orders within 1-2 business days. The logistics time limit is expected to be 7-15 working days. In case of customs clearance, the delivery time will be extended by 3-7 days. The final receipt date is subject to the information of the postal company.

Yami Points information

All items are excluding from any promotion or points events on Yamibuy.com

Return Policy

You may return product within 30 days upon receiving the product. Items returned must be new in it's original packing, including the original invoice for the purchase. Customer return product at their own expense.

Yami

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About the brand

Jingdong book

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About the brand

Jingdong book