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经济学基础

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经济学基础

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《经济学基础》讲述了:经济学作为一门独立的科学,不仅在人们日常生活中发挥着举足轻重的作用,而且对一个国家或地区的发展也具有重要的指导意义。本教材根据高等学校财经类课程教学的基本要求,密切结合学生的实际,按照应用型人才培养的原则进行编写。
《经济学基础》主要内容包括经济学概述、微观经济学部分和宏观经济学部分,分为十三章进行编写。结构编排层次分明,重点突出,并注重理论联系实践,以提高学生运用知识的能力。
《经济学基础》主要适合于高等学校财经类各专业学生的教学和学习,也可作为非财经类专业学生的选学教材,还可以作为干部经济学素养培训教材。
Catalogue

第一章 绪论
第一节 经济学的产生与发展
第二节 经济学的研究对象与主要内容
第三节 经济学的研究方法与学习方法
思考与练习
第二章 需求与供给
第一节 需求
第二节 供给
第三节 均衡理论
第四节 弹性理论
思考与练习
第三章 消费者行为分析
第一节 效用理论
第二节 无差异曲线分析
第三节 消费者均衡及其变动
思考与练习
第四章 厂商行为分析
第一节 生产要素的投入与产出分析
第二节 成本分析
第三节 收益分析
思考与练习
第五章 市场结构分析
第一节 市场结构概述
第二节 完全竞争市场
第三节 完全垄断市场
第四节 垄断竞争市场
第五节 寡头垄断市场
思考与练习
第六章 收入分配理论
第一节 收入分配原理
第二节 个人收入分配
第三节 社会收入分配
思考与练习
第七章 市场失灵与政府干预
第一节 市场失灵
第二节 政府干预
第三节 风险、不对称信息与市场行为
思考与练习
第八章 国民收入核算
第一节 国内生产总值的核算
第二节 国民收入核算中的其他总量指标
第三节 国民收入核算中的恒等关系
思考与练习
第九章 国民收入的决定
第一节 简单国民收入决定理论
第二节 IS-LM模型
第三节 总需求-总供给模型
思考与练习
第十章 失业与通货膨胀
第一节 失业
第二节 通货膨胀
第三节 失业与通货膨胀的关系
思考与练习
第十一章 经济周期与经济增长
第一节 经济周期
第二节 经济增长与经济发展
思考与练习
第十二章 宏观经济政策
第一节 宏观经济政策概述
第二节 财政政策
第三节 货币政策
思考与练习
第十三章 开放经济中的宏观经济
第一节 开放经济概述
第二节 汇率分析
第三节 国际收支分析
第四节 开放经济中的经济调节
思考与练习
参考文献
Book Abstract

第三章 消费者行为分析
第一节 效用理论
一、欲望与偏好
经济学研究消费者行为,通常是以欲望作为出发点开始研究的。欲望是指一个人想要得到而没有得到某种东西的一种心理感觉。欲望的产生必须满足两个条件:一是有不足之感二是有求足之愿。例如我们因为饥饿而形成购买食品以满足填饱肚子的欲望。欲望具有无限性特点,即一种欲望被满足后,又会产生新的欲望。欲望的无限性是推动人类社会前进的动力。
尽管人的欲望具有无限性的特点,但人的欲望也有轻重缓急和层次之分。美国著名心理学家马斯洛把人的欲望分为前后相互衔接的五个层次。
(1)生理需要。这是人类最原始的、最基本的需要。指衣、食、住、行、婚姻、疾病治疗等人类最基本的维持个体生存的物质性需要。当生理需要得到相对满足,人的注意力就会集中到高一层次的需要上去。
(2)安全需要。安全需要的含义是广泛的,从世界和平、社会安定直至个人的安全。
(3)社交与归属的需要。马斯洛认为,爱的需要是指个人对爱、情感和归属的需要。这是人的社会性的表现。
(4)尊重的需要。包括自我尊重方面,如独立、自由、自信、成就等;社会尊重方面,如名誉、地位、社会认定、被他人尊敬等。
(5)自我实现的需要。以上四种需要都获得某种程度的满足之后,还有追求发挥自己全部能力的需要,把“自己的各种禀赋一一发挥尽致”的欲望,就是自我实现的需要。
马斯洛认为:这五种需要像阶梯一样从低到高,但这种秩序不是完全固定的。一个层次的需要相对地得到满足了,就会向高一层次发展。这五种需要不可能完全满足,越到上层,满足的百分比越少。同一时期内,可能同时存在几种需要,因为人的行为是受多种需要支配的。但每一时期内总有一种需要占支配地位。
……
Introduction

经济学基础是财经类各专业的专业基础核心课程之一,在课程体系中占有极其重要的地位,对提高学生的整体素质和各专业课程的学习是非常必要的。该课程也是一门难度较大的课程,它既涉及有关市场经济运行的宏微观经济学的基本知识,又包含了运用简单的数学模型建立起来的实证分析技术。对于学生来说,无论是从理论上还是从实践上,掌握这些知识都有一定难度。为了适应应用型人才培养的需要我们总结了长期的教育经验,编写了这本《经济学基础》,以帮助学生较好地掌握经济学的基本原理和基本方法。

本教材的主要内容包括经济学概述、微观经济学和宏观经济学三个部分。微观经济学部分主要介绍了微观经济学的基本原理,如需求、供给和均衡价格理论、消费理论、生产理论、厂商理论、分配理论、微观经济政策;宏观经济学部分主要介绍了宏观经济学的基本原理,如国民收入核算理论、国民收入决定理论、就业理论、通货膨胀与失业理论、宏观经济政策、开放经济均衡理论。各章还配备了一定数量的思考题。本书内容丰富,讲解通俗易懂,具有很强的可读性。

本教材具有如下特色:

1.坚持专业基础教育的够用原则,既注重教材的系统性,又坚决舍弃过难过繁、实际意义不大的内容,融进了经济学的最新理论,并强调了教材编排的逻辑性和内容的一贯性。

2.紧紧围绕应用型教育财经类各专业的人才培养目标,坚持以能力为本位,以提高学生综合素质为基础,着力培养学生的实践能力和创新能力。突出面向实际应用,注重培养应用能力,激励创新意识。

3.重视运用图、表、例及典型案例进行分析说明,注意实际案例分析,注意基本理论的阐述。避免繁杂的计算过程和数学模型推导过程。对必要的计算题型和数学模型,进行有针对性的例题演示,帮助学生学习。在叙述过程中,还结合我国国民经济统计资料及经济实践,做出适当的分析,以提高学生解决问题的能力。

4.在编写过程中,尽量做到理论上浅显易懂,紧密联系实践。在每章的前面提出了学习目的要求和重难点提示。在每章的后面,则进行了小结,并配有对应本章内容的课后练习,以巩固学生学过的知识。

本教材适合财经类各专业课程的教学和学习,也可作为经济类专业普通专科、成人大专教育的教材.还可作为干部经济学素养培训教材。

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