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Jingdong book

要素引进下产业升级的路径

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Books Economy Economic Theory

Jingdong book

要素引进下产业升级的路径

Name: 要素引进下产业升级的路径
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3110226641
Price: 40.97 USD
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本书解决了以下问题：一是分析要素流入影响中国产业升级的内在逻辑和路径；二是要素结构转变对产业升级的促进作用；三是在全球化背景下，中国产业升级路径转换问题；四是个别发展中国家如何借鉴中国经验，实现产业与经济发展；五是要素流动如何解释产业升级与发展经济学。

Content Description

根据理论与实践的逻辑，本书主要围绕以下四个主题开展论述：一是要素流动是经济全球化的本质特征；二是全球化条件下，产业升级路径可以由要素流入启动；三是产业升级的第一阶段通过存在效应路径实现；四是产业升级的第二阶段从存在路径向溢出效应、规模效应和财富效应路径转变。

Author Description

薛安伟，上海社会科学院世界经济研究所博士。世界经济研究所以世界经济与国际关系两大学科为主轴，将世界经济研究与国际关系研究、世界经济研究与中国对外开放研究相结合，注重研究的综合性、整体性，提高研究成果的理论性、战略性与对策性。在学科建设的基础理论方面和对外开放的战略研究方面形成了一批被同行广泛认可的较有影响的成果。

Catalogue

第1章导论

第2章要素流动与产业升级的理论概述

第3章要素流动视角下产业升级的理论分析

第4章要素流动视角下产业升级的存在效应

第5章要素流动视角下产业升级的溢出效应

第6章要素流动视角下产业升级的规模效应

第7章要素流动视角下产业升级的财富效应

第8章以对外直接投资提升要素收益的路径研究

第9章要素流动视角下产业升级的政策建议

第10章总结与启示

参考文献

后记

Book Abstract

20世纪70年代以来，跨国公司迅速发展起来，据联合国统计，1980年全球有约1.1万家跨国公司，而到2008年这一数字就超过了8万。跨国公司大发展的同时，国际直接投资亦飞速增长，1970年的全球国际直接投资流量仅有13亿美元，而2007年就达到了接近2000亿美元，增长了153倍。国际直接投资的快速增长反映了经济全球化的不断深化，国际直接投资与间接投资的区别在于后者不强调对公司的控制权，而前者对公司具有控制权并参与公司的经营和管理，能够支配公司对要素的配置能力。国际直接投资包括绿地投资和跨国并购两种方式，其中绿地投资是直接到东道国新建工厂将外国的生产要素带入到东道国，跨国并购主要是通过购买公司的股权，获得对公司的实际控制，参与到经营和管理中，对生产要素进行配置。在跨国公司国际直接投资过程中，绿地投资的资本流出国将技术、管理、品牌等生产要素也随着货币资本流入到了东道国。跨国并购则直接参与到被并购公司的采购、生产、销售等环节，对生产要素进行新的组合。因此，国际直接投资实际上以资本为载体的一系列生产要素的国际流动。

2007年次贷危机后，新兴经济体尤其是中国开始担当起世界经济增长的火车头，这种趋势性的变化是以新兴经济体积极融入全球化取得经济发展为基础的。全球化随着投资、贸易的发展而深入，中国经济融入全球化所取得的发展为研究世界经济提供了丰富的素材。中国从1978年改革开放后，30多年来取得了举世瞩目的成就，为研究发展中国家如何实现产业升级提供了重要参考。中国从农业国转变为“世界工厂”，毫无疑问的是，中国经济的发展是与世界经济分不开的，包括中国在内的新兴国家的经济发展既受国内因素影响也受国际因素影响。中国适应全球化的发展，通过制度改革和创新，为要素流入创造了条件。中国经济的发展轨迹，既为其他发展中国家提供了经验，也提出了自身的转型升级问题，产业升级是经济发展的重要步骤，中国从过去的“引进来”到现在的“走出去”，都离不开全球化。

中国经济在过去30多年发展过程中举得的成就离不开融入全球化，中国借助全球化激发了潜在发展潜力，其中很多产业也从无到有，由弱到强。中国在经济总量上升的同时，产业结构也发生着转变，从农业国转向了工业国。中国经济发展的一个典型特征是改革开放带来了大量的国际直接投资，形成了出口拉动型的增长模式，但是外资在拉动出口的同时还对国内产业发展产生了一定影响。如何解释在中国融入全球化过程中外资对产业升级的影响，对未来中国经济的转型升级有着重要启示。

经济全球化的重要表现在于跨国公司的大发展和国际直接投资的快速增长，而国际直接投资的一个主要特征是，在资本流动的过程中附带有技术、人才、管理方式等其他高级生产要素，构成了生产要素的国际流动。中国的对外开放使中国融入到了全球化中，中国的产业发展与全球化密切相关，研究经济全球化与产业升级的关系，生产要素的国际流动对产业升级的内在机制与路径有重要意义。中国在融入全球化过程中，突出表现为外资带来生产要素的国际流入，本书基于生产要素国际流动的视角，研究要素流入对中国产业升级的影响路径。中国产业升级路径将对其他发展中国家在全球化背景下，实现经济发展提供参考。

……

Introduction

20世纪70年代以来，跨国公司快速发展，跨国公司通过国际直接投资在全球配置资源，资本在跨国流动的过程中通常也承载着技术、品牌、销售网络、人才等高级生产要素，因此形成了由跨国公司主导的，以资本为载体的生产要素的国际流动。中国经济在融入全球化的发展过程中，首先通过引进外资带来要素流入，再通过吸收、学习实现自主式发展。

根据理论与实践的逻辑，本书主要围绕以下四个主题展开论述:

一是要素流动是经济全球化的本质特征。商品由生产要素构成，国际贸易内在包含着生产要素的间接流动。跨国公司的发展增强了贸易与投资的联系，投资不但能够在一定程度上替代贸易，而且还可以创造贸易，生产要素通过国际直接投资进行跨国流动。因此，要素流动是分析经济全球化的逻辑起点。

二是全球化条件下，产业升级路径可以由要素流入启动。全球价值链分工伴随着要素流动进一步细化，各国的经济发展也越来越离不开全球化。借助国外生产要素发展本国经济，成为了发展中国家实现经济发展的重要途径。中国的产业升级也是通过外资引进国外高级要素，开启了产业升级。

三是产业升级的第一阶段通过存在效应路径实现。高级生产要素通过国际直接投资流入到东道国进而影响综合要素结构形成了产业升级的存在效应路径，产生了发展初期最直接的升级作用，即产业升级的一次效应。

四是产业升级的第二阶段从存在效应路径向溢出效应、规模效应和财富效应路径转变。本书的全部研究表明要素流动视角下要素流入主要通过存在效应、溢出效应、规模效应和财富效应等四个路径推动产业升级。存在效应改变了综合要素结构属于一次效应，而后三个路径在要素流入后逐步深化，属于二次效应。产业升级路径从一次效应转向二次效应贯穿了产业升级的整个过程。

在已有研究的基础上本书在以下四个方面创新：

一是通过揭示经济全球化的本质是要素流动，为产业升级的内涵提供理论依据。产业升级的实质是要素升级，多种生产要素以资本为载体的国际流动，改变了封闭条件下产业升级仅依靠国内要素禀赋的历史，产业升级的内涵在要素流动下更加丰富。

二是论述了要素结构与产业升级的关系。无论产品升级还是工艺升级，抑或产业间升级、要素间升级等，内在都包含着生产要素结构的升级。要素结构升级通过高级要素流入和自主创新两个途径完成，要素结构升级是产业升级的基础。产业升级的四个路径实际上从四个方面改善了要素结构，进而推动了产业升级。

三是提出了要素结构升级与产业升级的两阶段理论。产业升级的两个阶段并不是孤立的，第一阶段实现了要素流入，第二阶段产生了溢出效应、规模效应和财富效应等二次效应，形成更高水平的产业升级路径。

四是在总结全文研究的基础上，探索了中国未来产业升级的路径与政策选择，并为发展中国家实现经济发展提供了借鉴。提出中国未来逐步加强依靠二次效应升级路径发展产业经济的政策建议，并探索了适合发展中国家在全球化过程中进行产业升级的步骤。

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