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Jingdong book

心理治疗系列丛书·心理危机干预

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Books Psychology Psychological processes and mental state

Jingdong book

心理治疗系列丛书·心理危机干预

Name: 心理治疗系列丛书·心理危机干预
Brand: Jingdong book
SKU: 3116014441
Price: 41.70 USD
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《心理治疗系列丛书：心理危机干预》突出实践。实践出真知。通过对来自临床实践的第一手资料的整理、总结、推广和应用，以及在应用中的检验和积累，使之在治病救人的同时，不仅为心理治疗在理论上的升华提供了佐证，也为促进本土心理卫生事业的发展作出了有益的探索。《心理治疗系列丛书：心理危机干预》的重点内容在于“治疗”二字，实用性强。针对来访者的具体病情和症状，详尽地介绍了治疗的方法及注意事项，具有较强的示范作用，便于读者操作。《心理治疗系列丛书：心理危机干预》根据我国心理治疗的实际情况，对以往书刊中未涉及的内容以及较薄弱的环节，都作出了必要的有益的填补。拾遗补阙，兼收并蓄。通过多侧面多角度地介绍心理咨询与治疗方面的信息，力图使《心理治疗系列丛书：心理危机干预》臻于全面和完善。尽量打开更多的窗口，让学生看到一个充满活力、丰富多彩和充满人性光辉的心理学世界。

Catalogue

第一章心理危机干预概述
第一节心理危机
一、心理危机的概念
二、危机的种类
三、心理危机的原因
四、心理危机的特征
五、危机的历程
六、危机转移状态
第二节心理危机干预
一、心理危机干预的概念
二、心理危机干预的原则
三、危机干预的目标
四、危机干预的对象
五、成功的危机干预工作者的特征
第三节心理危机干预的现状及发展
一、心理危机干预的应用
二、国内外危机干预现状
三、我国心理危机干预工作的发展

第二章心理危机干预的基本理论
第一节危机理论
一、基本危机理论
二、扩展危机理论
三、危机人格论
四、应用危机理论
第二节危机干预理论
一、认知干预理论
二、行为干预理论
三、生态系统理论
四、折中的危机干预理论

第三章常见的身心反应和应激相关障碍
第一节常见的应激反应
一、危机个体反应阶段
二、常见的应激反应
第二节应激相关障碍
一、适应障碍
二、急性应激障碍
第三节创伤后应激障碍
一、常见症状
二、分类
三、影响因素

第四章心理危机干预的模式和步骤
第一节心理危机干预的模式
一、经典危机干预模式
二、建构主义干预模式
三、新兴危机干预模式
第二节心理危机干预的步骤
一、心理危机干预的六步法
二、心理危机干预六步法的应用
第三节危机干预的工作环节
第四节心理危机干预过程中的注意点
……
第五章心理危机干预的基本技术
第六章心理危机团体干预的基本技术
第七章心理危机的评估
第八章心理救援
第九章自杀与凶杀危机的干预
第十章虐待性危机的干预
第十一章成瘾性危机的干预
第十二章居丧危机干预
第十三章替代性创伤人群的危机干预

Book Abstract

（一）主观原因
1.人格特征人格特征影响着个体的行为方式、生活方式和习惯，也影响着个体对心理社会刺激物的认知评价，决定了个体应对危机的方式和危机反应的类型和强度。敏感、内向的人格特征在面对危机事件时比他人更容易导致心理危机。造成这种差别的原因可能有两个：其一是内向性格者不容易及时地得到和利用社会支持，其二是内向性格的人往往把注意力指向自身，特别是自己所作出的无效应对反应上。这会加剧消极的情绪体验，从而使应对行为更加无效，增加生活事件的消极影响。
2.认知评价人们对事物的心理反应在很大程度上依赖于对世界的知觉和解释，即认知评价。如果事件本身可能对大多数人具有威胁性，但未被当事人觉察，或被理解为是积极的或没有危险的，那么就不会产生危机反应。相反，如果事件不具有威胁性或者属于积极意义的，由于错误判断为具有威胁性，也会使个体产生危机反应。正如古希腊哲学家爱比克泰德（Epictetus）所说：“困扰人的不是事情本身，而是对事情的看法。”加拿大病理生理学家塞里（Hans Selye）有着相似的看法：“问题不在于发生了什么，而在于你如何对待它。”例如，怀孕是否是一个重大的生活事件，是积极的还是消极的应激源，取决于夫妻对孩子期望与否以及为照料孩子所作的物质和心理准备充分与否。
3.躯体疾病脑血栓、心脏病等急性疾病以及糖尿病、肾病、癌症等慢性疾病当事人由于受到疾病病情、进展状况及预后的影响，焦虑、恐惧、抑郁等情绪问题格外突出。因心理压力可导致情绪低落、悲观绝望，严重者甚至出现自杀意念或行为。同时，长期的疾病状态也可能会导致性格的改变，如总是迁怒别人，指责医生未精心治疗，埋怨家庭未尽心照料等，故意挑剔、因小事勃然大怒。他们对躯体方面的微小变化颇为敏感，常提出过高的治疗或照顾要求，因此导致造成患者的主观痛苦及医患关系、家庭关系的紧张或恶化，甚至导致患者及周边人群的心理危机。
（二）客观原因
1.自然环境自然环境包括无法克服的自然条件的限制，是那些给人们的生命和财产造成严重威胁和损失的自然状况的突变，包括雨量的变化（干旱、大水泛滥、山洪爆发等）、地震、台风或龙卷风、流行性传染病以及其他自然灾害等。这些自然环境中的突变不仅会危及生命，还会严重影响人们的正常生活，由自然灾害引发的心理危机事件更是屡见不鲜。
2.社会环境社会环境也会引发危机的产生，如遭遇到政治动荡、金融危机、人际关系紧张、才能发挥受挫、恋爱婚姻失败、家庭矛盾等，这些社会性危机事件往往都是心理危机产生的外部诱因。
……

Introduction

心理危机干预在我国的历史源远流长。2000多年前，大教育家孔子在“欲修其身者，先正其心；欲正其心者，先诚其意；欲诚其意者，先致其知，致知在格物”（《礼记·大学》）的论述中，就倡导“正心”、“诚意”的心理教育思想，同时，强调心理健康对于修身、齐家、治国、平天下的极端重要性。尤其引以为豪的是在炎黄祖先留下的中医学典籍宝库中，不乏诸如有华佗“怒胜忧思”的经典心理危机干预案例。
历史的车轮步入21世纪的知识经济时代，囿于经济、社会等方面的种种原因，中国心理科学的发展与应用明显滞后于西方发达国家。自20世纪下半叶以来，心理危机干预在发达国家已经成为一种专门的心理咨询与治疗技术，极大地丰富和发展了咨询心理学的理论与实践。有的国家，心理危机干预甚至形成了一门正式的职业，从事危机干预的心理服务工作者不仅帮助个体应对心理危机，而且参与社区、政府对社会性危机的干预、控制和预防工作。无疑，学习借鉴发达国家的先进经验，发展中国自己的心理危机干预事业，是我国心理服务工作者刻不容缓的历史责任。
我国是一个灾害多发国家，各式各样的自然灾害经常发生。空难、海难、火灾、地震、袭击、疾病，一桩桩随时可能发生的灾难带来了亲人亡故、骨肉分离等悲剧。它告诉人们，生活不仅仅是喜悦，更有着深深的伤痛和长流不止的泪水，对有些不幸的人来说，生活甚至就是灾难本身。
2002年5月7日晚，我国北方航空公司一架麦道82飞机，在大连附近海域坠毁，机上乘客103人，机组人员7人全部遇难。当时，我国一些精神卫生学专家就受政府的邀请，进行了心理干预。这是我国精神卫生专业人员第一次主动干预集体性心理危机事件。
专业人员在灾难的急性心理应激干预中，起到的主要作用是：首先为危机处理机构提供意见和建议；其次是确定那些需要干预的人，针对个人的干预措施，如解释支持、心理治疗，甚至药物治疗。在我国的克拉玛依大火、包头空难、北大山难、“非典”、2004年的“云娜台风”、“三峡移民事件”、“印尼海啸”、2006年的“云南地震”、2006年的“桑美”台风、2008年的“4·28山东胶济铁路事故”、富士康事件、韶关事件等事件中，有关心理救援专家也应用了“心理危机干预”。特别是2008年“5·12”汶川大地震发生后，全国心理学界不分南北与东西，无论基础与应用，全力开展了我国历史上第一次空前规模的心理援助行动。震后两个多月时进行的一项大规模调查结果显示，相比较医学救援，灾区民众对心理援助的需求要更高一些：但同一个调查也显示，灾区民众对医学救援的实际效果肯定程度又远高于心理援助。这一对比结果表明，心理援助具有受众面广大而庞杂、需求量强烈而持久、影响力深入而细微的特点，但其效果则绝非短期而直观的。因此，心理学家的另一项重要的任务就是用科学的精神、态度、思维和手段，研究和探讨在重大自然灾害面前，中国人呈现出的心理和行为状态及其变化规律，心理援助措施展示出的针对性、有效性和当地文化特色。我们的心理学家也不辱使命，在深入帐篷和板房的灾民安置点、受灾中小学校进行心理安抚、心理辅导、心理咨询和心理治疗的过程中，收集到了大量珍贵的震后第一手科学数据。

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